综述论文参考别人的参考文献

综述论文参考别人的参考文献

1、我们在撰写论文时，参考文献的引用是必不可少的。参考文献的引用可以给论文增添很多的光彩。正确的在论文中引用参考问下你会在论文编写的同时省去很大的麻烦。 2、首先，将论文导入word中，做好准备工作。 3、找到论文最后的参考文献，确保参考文献编号的格式正确（编号需要自动生成，不能手动添加）。 4、可通过菜单栏中【开始】>【编号】进行修改（修改时需要选中要修改的文字）。如没有所需要的编号类型，可通过下方【定义新编号格式】来增加我们需要的格式。 5、编号格式修改完后，接下来准备引用参考文献。比如我准备好的案例论文的第一段的第一句需要引用参考文献【1】，我们将鼠标的光标放到这句话的末尾，句号之前。 6、接下来，在菜单栏中点击【引用】>【交叉引用】,弹出交叉引用操作框。引用类型：编号项。引用内容：段落编号。引用哪一个编号项：选择【1】。 7、点击插入后，交叉引用操作框不会消失，但参考文献编号已经正确引用了，但还要做最后的调整。 8、选中以引用的参考文献编号，在菜单栏中点击【开始】>【上标】，快捷键：【ctrl】+【shift】+【+】。 9、至此，引用参考文献的所有工作都已经完成。 补充：按住【ctrl】用鼠标点击参考文献编号，可直接跳转到参考文献所在位置。

论文中的引用是要被算入重复率的。 论文重合度是学术论文在内容上的相似或重合程度，通常用来检测论文是否抄袭，一般高校将重合度30%以上定为抄袭的文章，即论文审核不通过。 首先，引用算不算抄袭，与标注出处没有任何关系

脚注，不是参考文献论文检测系统介绍 修改秘籍方法点击我的名字 看空间 这

一般是计算查重率的，论文综述是对论文的概括，是自己论文的溶缩，所以会计算查重率的，我们在写作论文综述的时候，不要抄袭复制，这样会导致较高的查重率。但是参考文献和论文致谢等一般是不计算查重率的。paperfree小编给大家讲解。 现在大多数学校都要求使用专业的论文查重系统，大多数都是检测全文的查重系统，也就是上传论文的时候要上传全文。有些论文查重系统可以区分引文，封面目录，参考文献等。但是为了防止任何重复率过高，如果学校不需要检测的内容，我们可以删除以后进行上传。 一般我们学校不要求进行参考文献和致谢检测，但是参考文献很重要，参考文献可以丰富论文内容，提升观点说服力度，参考文献要想不参与查重。我们需要标记正确的格式，这样就不会被论文查重系统检测到。同时要注意不要引用太多的参考文献，否则论文查重系统计算查重率。 因此，综述引用他人很大概率是会被计算查重率的，我们在写综述的时候，尽量不要抄袭，如果有引用也需要进行修改。

参考别人论文的参考文献

摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容；切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要；一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。2、不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》，摘要的开头就不要再写：“为了……，对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。

参考文献书籍引用格式为：

作者.书籍名称[M].出版社所在城市:出版社名称,出版年份:页码.

如：郑刚.生物医学光学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2017:383.

如果是合著，即有多名作者，其作者的书写格式与期刊多名作者的书写格式相同。

参考文献一般包括：专著[M]、论文集[C]、报纸文章[N]、期刊文章[J]、学位论文[D]、报告[R]、标准[S]、专利[P]、论文集中的析出文献[A]。

以上内容参考：全国标准信息公共服务平台-信息与文献 参考文献著录规则

在正文书写完毕后，空两行（宋体小四号），再书写“参考文献”四个字（居中），“参考文献”使用宋体四号加粗，前后两个字之间不空格。“参考文献”书写完毕后空一行（宋体小四号）再书写参考文献的具体内容。参考文献的序号左顶格书写，并用数字加方括号表示，如〔1〕，〔2〕，…，每一参考文献条目的＇最后均以“．”结束。参考文献只列出作者已直接阅读，在撰写论文过程中主要参考过的文献资料，所列参考文献应按论文参考的先后顺序排列，参考文献一律书写在论文正文结束后，不得放在各章（节）之后。参考文献引用的技巧如果我们在论文中有引用了他人的学术观点、数据、材料、结构等，就一定要记得详细的标注出来的。我们引用参考文献也应该要规范，如果我们在论文中标注的参考文献不规范，也从侧面反映出论文写作者的水平和态度。参考文献不宜过多，文献的多少能体现出论文占有资料的程度。一般情况下，中文论文的参考文献偏少，但也不能简单以文献引用量达到多少简单划分，不同性质的论文引用参考文献的多少页相差很大。

论文参考文献与文献综述的区别

文献综述是对某一方面的专题搜集大量情报资料后经综合分析而写成的一种学术论文，它是科学文献的一种。文献综述是反映当前某一领域中某分支学科或重要专题的最新进展、学术见解和建议的它往往能反映出有关问题的新动态、新趋势、新水平、新原理和新技术等等。文献综述与“读书报告”、“文献复习”、“研究进展”等有相似的地方，它们都是从某一方面的专题研究论文或报告中归纳出来的。但是，文献综述既不象“读书报告”、“文献复习”那样，单纯把一级文献客观地归纳报告，也不象“研究进展”那样只讲科学进程，其特点是“综”，“综”是要求对文献资料进行综合分析、归纳整理，使材料更精练明确、更有逻辑层次；“述”就是要求对综合整理后的文献进行比较专门的、全面的、深入的、系统的论述。总之，文献综述是作者对某一方面问题的历史背景、前人工作、争论焦点、研究现状和发展前景等内容进行评论的科学性论文。文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果，特别是阳性结果，而文献综述要求向读者介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样，但总的来说，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲，再根据提纲进行撰写。前言部分，主要是说明写作的目的，介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围，扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。主题部分，是综述的主体，其写法多样，没有固定的格式。可按年代顺序综述，也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述，主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。

参考文献是你作论文时所用到的资料，一般要标注在论文最后。文献综述是论文中对你所要研究的问题利用前人已有的理论进行描述。建议你看一篇硕士或者博士毕业论文，就会明白的。

参考文献是参考别人的论文吗

这个恐怕不好，首先参考文献你指论文最后[1]...,那些吧，这个都是在论文中你参考了哪些文章，然后写在最后并在文章中进行标注，证明为引用，这种在论文检测中会归为引用，而不是抄袭，但是引用过度也会认为是抄袭，所以要注意，无论是维普检测还是知网检测都是这样的。至于你说的结论是什么？是整个论文的结论么，这个最好是自己写，整个文章的总结，不应该很难的。

不知道你是什么专业，可以尝试写一个你之前学过的理论，写它的内容，，研究现状，应用的方式或者在什么地方应用，最后写应用的意义，网上找点论文，书上抄点，自己再写点，差不多就有两千个字了。

1、专著作者．书名〔M〕．版本(第一版不著录)．出版地∶出版者,出版年∶起止页码；2、报告作者．题名〔R〕．保存地点．年份；3、论文集作者．题名〔C〕．编者．论文集名,出版地∶出版者,出版年∶起止页码；4、期刊作者．题名〔J〕．刊名,出版年,卷(期)∶起止页码。参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。参考文献是学术论文的重要组成部分，是作者对他人研究成果的直接或间接引用，其正确标注不仅体现了作者的治学态度，更关系到作者对他人学术成果的尊重。扩展资料：选中所有的尾注文本，点“格式|字体”，改为“隐藏文字”，切换到普通视图，选择“视图|脚注”，此时所有的尾注出现于窗口的下端，在“尾注”下拉列表框中选择“尾注分割符”，将默认的横线删除。同样的方法删除“尾注延续分割符”和“尾注延续标记”。删除页眉和页脚（包括分隔线），选择“视图|页眉和页脚”，首先删除文字，然后点击页眉页脚工具栏的“页面设置”按钮，在弹出的对话框上点“边框”，在“页面边框”选项卡，边框设置为“无”，应用范围为“本节”；“边框”选项卡的边框设置为“无”，应用范围为“段落”。切换到“页脚”，删除页码。选择“工具|选项”，在“打印”选项卡里确认不打印隐藏文字（Word默认）。

参考文献是指在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明，不再出现于文后参考文献中。按照字面的意思，参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献。参考文献类型：专著[M]，论文集[C]，报纸文章[N]，期刊文章[J]，学位论文，报告[R]，标准[S]，专利，论文集中的析出文献[A] ，电子文献类型：数据库[DB]，计算机[CP]，电子公告[EB]电子文献的载体类型：互联网[OL]，光盘[CD]，磁带[MT]，磁盘[DK]。

小妇人论文参考文献综述

Introductionprint Print document PDF list Cite link LinkLittle WomenLouisa May AlcottThe following entry presents criticism on Alcott's novel Little Women. See also Louisa May Alcott Nineteenth-Century Literary is now known as Little Women includes both the original work by that title and its sequel, Good Wives. Written by Louisa May Alcott in 1868 and 1869 respectively, together these works have been long established as primary within the canon of juvenile literature and are considered by many to be the first children's books in America to break with the didactic tradition. Alcott introduced realism and entertainment to American children's literature, thereby achieving commercial success unknown to her moralizing contemporaries. Little Women is still read worldwide May Alcott was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1832, and raised in Concord, Massachusetts, and Boston. She was the second of four daughters of Abigail May Alcott and Amos Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist, educational reformer, and well-known writer. Louisa, though more commercially successful than her father, faced many obstacles to the literary career she envisioned for herself. As a woman writer, she was expected to write sentimental and moralizing tales, and in order to earn a living as a writer, she was expected to cater to the sensational cravings of her audience. Although she did both successfully until her death in 1888, many critics argue that with Little Women, Alcott countered sensationalism with realism and subverted the moralizing purpose she often appeared to and Major CharactersIn Part I, while Mr. March is away as a volunteer chaplain in the Civil War, the March girls, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, embark on "pilgrimages" toward selfimprovement, with the inspiration of John Bunyan's religious allegory, The Pilgrim's Progress (1678). Their journeys, though, are largely determined by their own consciences and will rather than by dogma. Meg learns to overcome her vanity, Jo to overcome excessiveness and temper, Amy, greed and selfishness. Beth is already saintly and seems not to need change, but ironically, it is an act of charity—a visit to a sick infant—which results in the scarlet fever that weakens her health and precipitates her into this haven are neighbors Theodore Laurence (Laurie) and his grandfather, who are far from stock patriarchal figures; they are, rather, admirers who crave and aspire to the domestic peace enjoyed by the Marches. Laurie and Jo develop a close friendship that intrigued Alcott's readers, but she avoided the conventional romantic plot by refusing to have them marry. Jo, an unconventional girl who thinks of herself as the "man of the house" while her father is away, is more interested in developing her art and financially supporting her family than II of Little Women, originally published separately as Good Wives, focuses on the girls' transitions into adulthood. Meg marries John Brooke, Laurie's tutor—a financially difficult but happy match. Amy loses some of her passion for art and marries Laurie after he has been refused by Jo and has recovered from the blow. Beth dies before she can reach adulthood, but her loss inspires Jo to take up her domestic role. Jo eventually marries Professor Bhaer, a middle-aged academic with whom she shares philosophical interests. They open a boys' school, where she, no longer a tomboy, becomes a mother-figure for the ThemesAlcott's earlier work, often published under the pseudonym A. M. Barnard, is generally characterized by sensational characters and plots, violence, melodrama, and romance—all consistent with the expectations of her readers. When asked to write a "girl's book," Alcott was yet again forced to write according to others' interests, but in this case she opted for more realism than sensationalism by choosing the only girl-hood she knew for her subject—her own. Based on her life, and that of her sisters, Anna, Elizabeth, and May, Little Women follows the adolescence of the girls into adulthood, captures their private, domestic experience concretely, delineates their matriarchal haven of comfort and frugality, dramatizes their creative play, and explores their struggles to become artists, good sisters, and eventually happy wives. Although the culture of her time demanded that Alcott produce moralizing tales, she displayed a certain amount of resistance to that mandate in Little Women, preaching moderation rather than excessive religious molding. The girls are guided less by rigid moral strictures than by their strong sense of family, sometimes conveyed by words of wisdom from mother Marmee, but more often by a need to get along as a sisterly community. In part II this theme of sisterly love expands to include marriage and the formation of new families, with new roles for the three surviving sisters as good wives. Self-improvement, social responsibility, domestic cooperation, and matriarchal power, as well as the importance of play and artistic development, all serve as prominent themes in Little ReceptionThe influence of Little Women has been vast, but historically limited to a female readership. Early critics received the novel with sentimental praise and an appreciation of Alcott's ability to meet the minds of her child readers, a view shared by Angela Brazil in her 1922 review. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Alcott was appreciated, like many American women writers, as merely a local colorist with a talent for portraying the domestic sphere concretely. In academia, her novel was studied only by the scholars of children's literature until the 1960s and 1970s, when it came under closer scrutiny by feminist critics, some of whom were frustrated with its outdated sentimentality, others of whom dismissed it because it seems to uphold the traditional separation of men's and women's spheres (public vs. private). In the 1980s, the new emphasis on expanding the canon to include marginalized writers and works associated with popular culture brought more attention to Little Women. It has achieved importance within Women's Studies and the American literary canon in general for its detailed descriptions of nineteenth-century family life and of female struggles for social identity. As Carolyn Heilbrun suggests, Little Women has been particularly influential on female readers in the twentieth century who, craving models of female autonomy, found one, at least briefly, in Alcott's character Jo. Recent critics have continued in this positive vein, calling further attention to the subversive elements in Little Women, recasting Jo as an early feminist who, like her creator, made the most of the limited possibilities open to women in her time.希望对楼主有帮助， 不满意请留言

怎么写开题报告呢？首先要把在准备工作当中搜集的资料整理出来，包括课题名称、课题内容、课题的理论依据、参加人员、组织安排和分工、大概需要的时间、经费的估算等等。第一是标题的拟定。课题在准备工作中已经确立了，所以开题报告的标题是不成问题的，把你研究的课题直接写上就行了。比如我曾指导过一组同学对伦教的文化诸如“伦教糕”、伦教木工机械、伦教文物等进行研究，拟定的标题就是“伦教文化研究”。第二就是内容的撰写。开题报告的主要内容包括以下几个部分：一、课题研究的背景。 所谓课题背景，主要指的是为什么要对这个课题进行研究，所以有的课题干脆把这一部分称为“问题的提出”，意思就是说为什么要提出这个问题，或者说提出这个课题。比如我曾指导的一个课题“伦教文化研究”，背景说明部分里就是说在改革开放的浪潮中，伦教作为珠江三角洲一角，在经济迅速发展的同时，她的文化发展怎么样，有哪些成就，对居民有什么影响，有哪些还要改进的。当然背景所叙述的内容还有很多，既可以是社会背景，也可以是自然背景。关键在于我们所确定的课题是什么。二、课题研究的内容。课题研究的内容，顾名思义，就是我们的课题要研究的是什么。比如我校黄姝老师的指导的课题“佛山新八景”，课题研究的内容就是：“以佛山新八景为重点，考察佛山历史文化沉淀的昨天、今天、明天，结合佛山经济发展的趋势，拟定开发具有新佛山、新八景、新气象的文化旅游的可行性报告及开发方案。”三、课题研究的目的和意义。课题研究的目的，应该叙述自己在这次研究中想要达到的境地或想要得到的结果。比如我校叶少珍老师指导的“重走长征路”研究课题，在其研究目标一栏中就是这样叙述的：1、通过再现长征历程，追忆红军战士的丰功伟绩，对长征概况、长征途中遇到了哪些艰难险阻、什么是长征精神，有更深刻的了解和感悟。2、通过小组同学间的分工合作、交流、展示、解说，培养合作参与精神和自我展示能力。3、通过本次活动，使同学的信息技术得到提高，进一步提高信息素养。四、课题研究的方法。在“课题研究的方法”这一部分，应该提出本课题组关于解决本课题问题的门路或者说程序等。一般来说，研究性学习的课题研究方法有：实地调查考察法(通过组织学生到所研究的处所实地调查，从而得出结论的方法)、问卷调查法（根据本课题的情况和自己要了解的内容设置一些问题，以问卷的形式向相关人员调查的方法）、人物采访法（直接向有关人员采访，以掌握第一手材料的方法）、文献法（通过查阅各类资料、图表等,分析、比较得出结论）等等。在课题研究中，应该根据自己课题的实际情况提出相关的课题研究方法，不一定面面俱到，只要实用就行。五、课题研究的步骤。课题研究的步骤，当然就是说本课题准备通过哪几步程序来达到研究的目的。所以在这一部分里应该着重思考的问题就是自己的课题大概准备分几步来完成。一般来说课题研究的基本步骤不外乎是以下几个方面：准备阶段、查阅资料阶段、实地考察阶段、问卷调查阶段、采访阶段、资料的分析整理阶段、对本课题的总结与反思阶段等。六、课题参与人员及组织分工。这属于对本课题研究的管理范畴，但也不可忽视。因为管理不到位，学生不能明确自己的职责，有时就会偷懒或者互相推诿，有时就会做重复劳动。因此课题参与人员的组织分工是不可少的。最好是把所有的参与研究的学生分成几个小组，每个小组通过民主选举的方式推选出小组长，由小组长负责本小组的任务分派和落实。然后根据本课题的情况，把相关的研究任务分割成几大部分，一个小组负责一个部分。最后由小组长组织人员汇总和整理。七、课题的经费估算。一个课题要开展，必然需要一些经费来启动，所以最后还应该大概地估算一下本课题所需要 的资金是多少，比如搜集资料需要多少钱，实地调查的外出经费，问卷调查的印刷和分发的费用，课题组所要占用的场地费，有些课题还需要购买一些相关的材料，结题报告等资料的印刷费等等。所谓“大军未动，粮草先行”，没有足够的资金作后盾，课题研究势必举步维艰，捉襟见肘，甚至于半途而废。因此，课题的经费也必须在开题之初就估算好，未雨绸缪，才能真正把本课题的研究做到最好。

Alcott prefaces Little Women with an excerpt from John Bunyan’s seventeenth-century work The Pilgrim’s Progress, an allegorical novel about leading a Christian life. Alcott’s story begins with the four March girls—Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy—sitting in their living room, lamenting their poverty. The girls decide that they will each buy themselves a present in order to brighten their Christmas. Soon, however, they change their minds and decide that instead of buying presents for themselves, they will buy presents for their mother, Marmee. Marmee comes home with a letter from Mr. March, the girls’ father, who is serving as a Union chaplain in the Civil War. The letter inspires the girls to bear their burdens more cheerfully and not to complain about their Christmas morning, the girls wake up to find books, probably copies of The Pilgrim’s Progress, under their pillows. Later that day, Marmee encourages them to give away their breakfast to a poor family, the Hummels. Their elderly neighbor, Mr. Laurence, whom the girls have never met, rewards their charitable activities by sending over a feast. Soon, Meg and Jo are invited to attend a New Year’s Party at the home of Meg’s wealthy friend, Sally Gardiner. At the party, Jo retreats to an alcove, and there meets Laurie, the boy who lives with Mr. Laurence. While dancing, Meg sprains her ankle. Laurie escorts the sisters home. The Marches regret having to return to their daily routine after the holiday visits Laurie when he is sick, and meets his grandfather, Mr. Laurence. She inadvertently insults a painting of Mr. Laurence in front of the man himself. Luckily, Laurie’s grandfather admires Jo’s spunk, and they become friends. Soon, Mr. Laurence meets all the sisters, and Beth becomes his special favorite. Mr. Laurence gives her his deceased granddaughter’s girls have various adventures. Amy is caught trading limes at school, and the teacher hits her as punishment. As a result, Mrs. March withdraws her daughter from school. Jo refuses to let Amy go with her to the theater. In retaliation, Amy burns Jo’s manuscript, and Jo, in her anger, nearly lets Amy drown while ice-s-kating. Pretty Meg attends her friend Annie Moffat’s party and, after allowing the other girls to dress her up in high style, learns that appearances are not everything. While at the party, she hears that people think she intends to marry Laurie for his year, the Marches form the Pickwick Club, in which they write a family newspaper. In the spring, Jo smuggles Laurie into one of the club meetings, and he becomes a member, presenting his new circle with a postbox. At the beginning of June, the Marches decide to neglect their housework. At the end of a lazy week, Marmee takes a day off too. The girls spoil a dinner, but everyone ends up laughing over it. One day, Laurie has English friends over, and the Marches go on a picnic with them. Later, Jo gets a story published for the first dark day, the family receives a telegram saying that Mr. March is sick in the hospital in Washington, . Marmee goes to tend to him, and Jo sells her hair to help finance the trip. Chaos ensues in Marmee’s wake, for the girls neglect their chores again. Only Beth goes to visit the Hummels, and after one of her visits, she contracts scarlet fever from the Hummel baby. Beth teeters on the brink of death until Marmee returns. Meanwhile, Amy spends time at Aunt March’s house in order to escape the disease. Beth recovers, though not completely, and Mr. Brooke, Laurie’s tutor, falls in love with Meg, much to Jo’s dismay. Mr. Brooke and Meg are engaged by the end of Part One. Three years pass before Part Two begins. Mr. March is home from the war, and Laurie is nearly done with school. Soon, Meg marries and moves into a new home with Mr. Brooke. One day, Amy decides to have a lunch for her art school classmates, but poor weather ruins the festivities. Jo gets a novel published, but she must cut it down in order to please her publishers. Meanwhile, Meg struggles with the duties of keeping house, and she soon gives birth to twins, Demi and Daisy. Amy gets to go to Paris instead of Jo, who counted on the trip, because their Aunt Carroll prefers Amy’s ladylike behavior in a begins to think that Beth loves Laurie. In order to escape Laurie’s affections for her, Jo moves to New York so as to give Beth a chance to win his affections. There Jo meets Professor Bhaer, a poor German language instructor. Professor Bhaer discourages Jo from writing sensationalist stories, and she takes his advice and finds a simpler writing style. When Jo returns home, Laurie proposes to her, but she turns him down. Beth soon and Laurie reunite in France, and they fall in love. They marry and return home. Jo begins to hope that Professor Bhaer will come for her. He does, and they marry a year later. Amy and Laurie have a daughter named Beth, who is sickly. Jo inherits Plumfield, Aunt March’s house, and decides to turn it into a boarding school for boys. The novel ends with the family happily gathered together, each sister thankful for her blessings and for each other.