关于大学的翻译论文开题报告

关于大学的翻译论文开题报告

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

关于翻译原理的论文开题报告

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况：

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。

张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲：

thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见：

指导教师签名：

年 月 日

关于贸易翻译的论文开题报告

国际贸易专业论文开题报告

1 课题的意义

中国是一个发展中国家，它的一切都在发展，制度在完善，改革开放以来，我国经济逐渐由计划经济向市场经济转轨，比较优势理论伴随着这种转型而得以在外贸领域贯彻和适用。但是以比较优势为基础的贸易模式在我国还远未发挥其潜力，仍有增长空间。通过经济和法律手段调节技术开发和创新的投入与发展，提高我国高级要素的优势；根据国家竞争优势理论所阐述的一国优势产业发展阶段，制定国内市场的适度保护，培育本国战略产业的竞争能力，并随着发展阶段的变化，适时调整这一策略，从而提高我国在国际贸易中的竞争实力。

其中，有好多事是值得我们关注的，包括：

(1)中国与其它大国的经济模式的比较研究，我们有哪些不足，他们有哪些优点，要选择比较，择优借鉴。

(2)当代国际贸易方式创新及对我国的经济影响，有电子商务，网络贸易。都是与我们的生活息息相关的。

(3)近年来的经济危机对我国经济的影响，有很多的跨国公司，在中国有很多举措，论文中讨论这些举措对中国的贸易发展来说有哪些好处和弊端。

(4)在经济全球一体化的今天，劳动力与经济发展的关系。所有毕业的大学生都面对这非常激烈的竞争，就业的形式非常严峻，现在中国最突出的经济发展矛盾是就业问题。

(5)贴近我们每个人的生活，我们即将毕业，要出去工作，到以后要结婚，首先就是要买房住房问题从来没有象这样成为社会的焦点。一方面，一线及热点城市房价高涨，普通工薪族望房兴叹。另一方面，有人说房价以后肯定还要涨，一般人只能去住保障房。但其实，就象当年中国股市似乎挡不住的热度一样，高处不胜寒的中国房价的回归也势在必然。

2 所属领域的研究状况

(1)浅析国际贸易理论与政策变迁

在一个较长的历史跨度和较大的空间跨度上，研究了国际贸易理论与政策的变迁，通过历史的和逻辑的方法，试图总结出保护贸易和自由贸易理论和政策出现的规律性与客观社会现实之间的联系，并使之对中国的贸易政策制订有所帮助。

(2)中国当前国际贸易的发展现状、特点、发展趋势

从世界135个经济体先后加入关贸总协定到世界贸易组织的多边组织，迄今没有一个成员退出，30多个经济体正在努力申请加入和我国13年孜孜不倦的努力可以看出，加入多边组织对一个国家的长远发展具有很大的积极意义。尽管中国为加入世界贸易组织需要付出一定的“入门费”，为此可能产生一定的临时性的负面影响。但只要我们拿出应对措施，正面影响一定会远胜于负面影响

3． (3)浅谈中国奢侈品消费现状及奢侈品贸易发展趋势

随着中国经济的快速发展，居民收入水平的大幅增长，中国的奢侈品市场也呈现出勃勃生机。文章就什么是奢侈品、奢侈品的消费现状进行分析，并对奢侈品贸易发展趋势提出展望。我国奢侈品的消费现状 ，消费年龄年轻化，超过60%的年轻人认同“人生及时行乐”的观念，并表示愿意购买奢侈品。中国奢侈品消费年轻化已成为趋势。消费集中在外国品牌上，我国几乎没有自主品牌参与竞争 。目前，我国的奢侈品市场几乎全部被国外品牌包揽，我国的奢华消费实际上就是西化，这与我们没有称雄世界的顶级品牌有关。我国还处在奢侈品消费增长的初期并快速增长，我国还处在奢侈品消费增长的初期，因此奢侈品在我国的发展将会有相当长的时期和过程，这也吸引了大量奢侈品品牌在中国的扩张。到目前为止，几乎所有的世界顶级品牌都在中国设有分店。 中国商务部预计，到2010年,中国将有亿消费者有能力购买奢侈品，将近目前数字的17倍。此外，未来数年内，将有2～3亿人口进入奢侈品充斥的城市，从而进一步带动该市场的成长。到2014年，中国将成为全球最大的`奢侈品市场，占全球总量的23％左右。鉴于经济危机，一些分析人士甚至预言，中国可能在2011年前后成为世界第一大奢侈品消费国。中国奢侈品市场的快速发展,对于中国本土的奢侈品从业来说也是一个很好的机会，不仅仅是品牌，中国的投资商、零售商和设计师，包括制造商都有机会从这个行业的快速增长中获益。中国奢侈品贸易的发展将会呈现无限昂然的生机。

论文题目：论国际货物贸易中的预期违约制度选题依据及研究意义选题依据：近日，商务部部长陈德铭强调了我国的对外贸易政策由原来以出口为导向，同时扩大进口调整为以扩大进口为主，促进出口为辅。但是没有疑问的是，促进国际贸易总量的持续增长以及国际贸易范围的不断扩大将是不变的目标。随着中国市场经济的发展和不断开放，我们越来越多地参与世界市场的竞争，并在世界市场上扮演着重要的角色。在国际经济与贸易中，我们实现了国外市场和资源的整合及利用，这在很大程度上促进了我国经济的快速发展和我国人民生活水平的提高，同时由于世界市场环境的复杂性以及我们参与国际竞争的经验还很不足，再加上我国商人国际商法、法律意识单薄，我们在通过国际贸易收获颇丰的同时，也遇到了很多问题和挫折，面临不少冲突和困境。其中，由于预期违约这一风险带来的损失就是我们在国际货物贸易中经常面临的问题，也是我们亟待解决的风险和危机。研究意义：预期违约制度作为合同法中的重要制度，从十九世纪产生以来得到了极大的发展，并且在国际贸易上得到了越来越广泛的关注与应用。预期违约制度充分体现了合同法上的诚实信用原则和公平原则，这对平衡合同双方当事人的利益具有重要意义。预期违约救济措施不仅可以有效地减少实际违约所造成的损失，而且还可以及时地解决合同纠纷，从而在很大程度上避免社会资源的人为浪费。可以说，预期违约制度是英美法系国家对法制文明的一大贡献。然而，我国在该制度上的法律与理论尚不成熟，仍存在许多问题。面对错综复杂的国际贸易实务问题，我们应如何提高法律意识和知识，利用预期违约制度解决纠纷，以避免不必要的损失;我们应该如何通过实践不断地发现问题，以采取措施完善我国的预期违约制度等都成为我们当前的重要任务，对国际货物贸易中的预期违约制度的研究和探讨也必定会益于我国今后的国际贸易活动，提高我国在国际商事活动中的效率，避免由于法律知识欠缺或不了解产生的预期违约风险和损失。加强国际贸易环境中法律因素的研究和认识对于对外依存度较高的我国经济来说，是极具意义的。你可以去上学吧论文查重上看看。

是本科开题，还是硕士研究生开题？给你几个建议：1、关于开题报告，可以事先征求导师建议，或者问问同门师姐师兄；2、个人认为，这2个题目“进出口贸易合同的翻译(技巧)”和“商务英语合同的翻译”差别很大，前者可以是汉译英，也可以是英译汉，也可以是其他语种的翻译，后者是英译汉，也可以是英语翻译为德语、法语或其它语种。因此，这2个题目的名称都过于宽泛；3、对于“商务英语合同的翻译”这个提法，从“商务英语合同”这个提法来说，还是太大。商务合同有很多类，比如代理、服务、买卖，而不同类型合同的条款差别很大，因此建议你具体到某一类型的合同。4、最后，建议你在拟定提纲前，先选好题目，不要太窄，也不要太宽。太窄就难以写作几万字/单词，太宽就无法集中写作主题，还会造成答辩困难。另外，在选定题目时，可以先读读我国的合同法，可以作为参考。以上分析，是结合自己当年学位论文开题答辩历程并结合目前处理涉外法律事务的经验给出的，仅供参考。希望你开题顺利！

关于翻译的日语论文开题报告

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况：

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。

张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲：

thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见：

指导教师签名：

年 月 日

中日两国是一衣带水的邻邦,两国有两千多年以上友好交往的历史，文学翻译有别于一般的专业翻译,要求译者不仅具有较高水准的双语能力,还要对原语文化和译语文化都有深入的了解。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于日本文学翻译论文集的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考! 日本文学翻译论文集篇1 浅谈日本文学翻译中异文化的传达 摘要：文学翻译有别于一般的专业翻译，要求译者不仅具有较高水准的双语能力，还要对原语文化和译语文化都有深入的了解。此外，还需要具备对于所译文学作品及作者文学风格的读解能力、语言表现力、丰富的想象力以及自我认知度、身心投入度、生活阅历等等。可见，文学翻译不仅是一项语言活动，也是一项认知活动，更重要的是异文化间的传递。因而，译者算得上是跨文化交流的使者。尽可能准确地传达异文化信息，乃是译者应尽的义务。本文结合田山花袋《棉被》的1987年黄凤英?胡毓的中文译本，浅谈日本文学翻译中异文化的传达。 关键词：日本文学 文学翻译 异文化传达 文学翻译对于在阅读用不熟悉的语言而写成的作品时，起到了非常重要的作用。为了理解某部作品，当然，最好的是能够直接阅读原文，在不能阅读原文的情况下，就只能依靠译本了。今天，越来越多的读者都只选择阅读译本，从而文学翻译的作用也越来越大。当然，适当的翻译技巧也是其中不可或缺的因素之一。其中，译者，是读者阅读译本，理解原著的重要媒介，是原著和读者之间的桥梁。而译本是异文化传达的重要途径，将日本文学作品中的日本文化转换为中文传达给中国读者，从而达到异文化传达的目的。 一.《棉被》的中文译本 本文所选取的《棉被》是日本私小说的创始人田山花袋的代表作品之一，主要是讲男主人公时雄厌倦与妻子的生活，对女弟子芳子产生了爱恋之情，并在想象中把其作为自己真的情人。芳子的发香、笑容、眼神充斥着时雄的生活，一次次产生性欲的冲动，但又囿于传统，只好强压自己心头的爱欲。当芳子有了年龄相当的男友时，他因无法占有芳子而居然让她的父亲把其接走以此来拆散芳子与男友。在芳子离开之后，时雄盖上芳子的棉被，埋头闻着芳子棉被上的余香，肆意地哭泣发泄。为避免文章过于冗长而偏离主题，在这里，主要截取第一章到第四章的译文作为分析的对象。 1.促进异文化传达的翻译之处 我们通过分析可以看出，虽然从现存的很多文化表象来看，日本文化和中国文化有很多的共同点，但也具有其独特性，因此在语言的体现上也各有不同。 在用语方面，在与日语原文一致的基础上，采用适合汉语习惯的翻译方式，必要时加上一些动词，使得译文更贴近中国读者的阅读模式。比如在翻译“�セルの背�に、麦藁帽、藤蔓の杖をついて、やや前のめりにだらだらと坂を下りていく。”这句话时，翻译为“他身着条纹西装，头戴麦秸草帽，手拿藤蔓手杖……”，像使用“身着”“头戴”“手拿”这样的动词，更形象的描写出了主人翁的穿着打扮。还有在翻译“一行�いては�を留めてそのことを思う。また一行�く、また留める、また�いてはまた留めるという�。”这句话时，译者对同一个动词“留める”采用了不同的译法，分别翻译为“停住”“撂下”，既避免了重复，又使译文更加生动。 在段落方面，对于很长的一段原文，会根据句子间结构，分解为比较符合汉语语言习惯的短句。比如在翻译“神�の女学院の生徒で、生まれは�中の新�町で、渠の著作の崇�者で、名を横山芳子という女から崇�の情を以て充たされた一通の手�を受取ったのはその�であった。”这一段时，会将这个长句拆分为两个句子，把表示时间的“その�”前置，翻译为“就在这时，他收到了一位名叫横山芳子的女子的一封来信，心中充满了崇敬之情”。之后，再翻译对“横山芳子”个人情况的介绍，“这女子是神户女学院的学生，出生于备中新见町，是他的作品的崇拜者”。这样，就可以很明确将所有信息毫无遗漏的传达给读者。与此相对的，是将两个分句合并为一个句子来翻译，比如将“けれど文学者だけに、この男は自ら自分の心理を客�するだけの余裕を有っていた。年若い女の心理は容易に判断し得られるものではない、……”这两句话的意思进行整合，翻译为“他是个文学家，按理应该有能力客观地分析出自己的心理状态来，只是年轻女子的心理不容易判断”，更能让读者充分理解原文的意思。 在文化方面，众多周知，日本人有很多习惯跟中国人不一样，为了方便读者接受和理解，会采用中国式的说法来对原文进行翻译。比如将“�褥から出たばかりの�君を助けて……”中的“�褥から出た”翻译为“做完月子”，这样就很能贴近中国读者的生活，并且不偏离原意，对中日间异文化的传达起到了很好的促进作用。 2.中日异文化传达的偏差之处 由于语言文化间的差异，不可避免地，在译者在翻译过程中存在对异文化理解上的偏差，从而会出现误译、错译的情况。 在语言方面，首先，有可能在翻译的时候存在对日语单词的误解，比如在日语中“妻子”这一单词意思是妻子和孩子的意思，在译文中只是译为了“妻室”。根据《现代汉语大辞典》中对妻室的解释只有“妻子”的意思，相当于日语中的“妻”的含义，所以在这里存在一个误译的情况。又比如“西洋�の二�の一室”中并不是说一幢两层的西式洋房中的一间，而应该是“一幢西洋式的二层楼房，其中一间……”，在这强调的是在这幢洋房的二楼，并不是洋房本身有几层。其次，就是有些单词直接采用了日文汉字式的翻译，没有译成相对应的汉语，鉴于这些单词并非是汉语中的词汇，所以对于没有学习过日语的读者来说，在理解上可能会产生不解，不知道这句话什么意思。比如“……どうか将来��てずに弟子にしてくれという意味が返す返すも�いてあって……”，在日语中“��てる”是就那样放置不管的意思，在这里却将“��てる”直接翻译为“见弃”，根据《�代汉语大辞典》记载，汉语中并没有“见弃”这一单词，如果一定要解释的话，这里的“见”有点类似于“见谅”的见，是表示被动的动作，但是跟原文“��てる”的意思相距甚远，如果翻译为“弃置”应该会更恰当。第三点就是存在有明显的错译之处。比如这个句子“ごその向うに寺の�やら”，译文时翻译成“对面的寺院”，实际上，这句话应该是“对面的寺院门口”。又如“�ろ京都で�れてからで”中将“京都”错译成“东京”。 在句子和段落方面，比如“……(中略)��にものを言ったりする女学生の群の中に入っていては、家庭に�われた少女のように、��に物を�ることがどうして出来よう。”中，对“家庭に�われた少女”的理解，联系前后文来看的话，并不是针对横山芳子一个人来说的，译文中翻译为“象她这样一个在家庭里长大的少女”是不符合原文的，在这里指的是当时这样的一群人。还有“路を行けば、美しい今�の�君を�れての睦まじい散�、友を�えば夫の席に出て流�に会�を�やかす若い�君、ましてその身が骨を折って�いた小�を�もうでもなく、夫の苦���には全く��牛で、……”，从这句话来看是对妻子“细君”的一些抱怨，但是译者翻译为“他外出时常看到有人带上合乎潮流的妻子，亲亲热热地一起散步……”，从译文来看有一种事不关己的感觉，跟原意的表达有一点出入。 对于误译、错译的出现，首先是对日语理解的不充分，其次是对日本文化圈事象的理解存在偏差，如果译者对自身文化圈的事象不能精确把握时，也会出现这种情况。 二.关于日本文学翻译中异文化传达的思考 从上述分析可以看出作为异文化传达媒介的文学翻译的“优势”和“难点”。不仅仅是语言上的，对于中国和日本两国之间文化上的理解也是非常有必要的。 1.从翻译技巧看 文学翻译应该是将作者以及其作品的意境，用甚至超出原文的境界表达出来。好的翻译，可以透过译文看到原文的光辉，并且发扬光大。如果不是这样，翻译就会沦为只是传达原文意思的一种工具而已。而且，翻译在目标文化的社会或是文学系统中应该是占有一席之地的，而这个位置也决定了其翻译策略。 很多人都会认为只有忠于原文才是翻译的价值，翻译作品直接体现了译者的风格，每个译者都有自己独特的风格。优秀的译者在翻译作品时，不仅仅是对语言进行直译，还必须要符合阅读翻译作品的读者的阅读习惯，语言习惯等等，而且这个也是随着时代的变化而变化的。文学翻译必须在此基础上，成为原著和译著的桥梁，向读者传达日本文学和文化，并且介绍本国的文学和文化，以促进文学以及异文化的交流。 严复提倡的“信达雅”可称为翻译的基本准则。当然，也适用于文学作品的翻译，为什么这么说呢，因为译文也需要在忠于原文的基础上，很好的表达出原著的精髓。在此基础上，也要求译者有较高的语言能力。语言能力直接影响译者对作品的翻译，这种语言能力，是指基于两种语言之上的字词、语法以及综合运用能力。 2.从文化传达看 与此同时，译者也必须熟悉日本的文化，特别对文学作品的译者来说，尤为重要。毋庸置疑，文学作品反映的是那个国家的文化，并且受到地域、民族等因素的影响。所以作为文学翻译者，必须理解两种语言下的文化背景和特质，才能很好的理解作品中的人物，抓住人物性格和心理状态的变化。 中日两国文化上差异的多面性给日本文学翻译带来的困难也是多方面的。语言是文化载体，它反映了文化，同时也是文化的重要组成部分。承载文化的语言形式是多层次、多方位的。词汇是语言各要素中最基本的要素，因而对词汇的解释也必然体现着文化之间的差异。 由于中日两国历史发展的不同，因而在其漫长的历史长河中所形成的历史文化也不尽相同。在两种语言之间进行翻译时，常会遇到由于历史文化差异而出现的词不达意的情况。历史文化的一个重要内容为历史典故，它是民族文化的瑰宝，具有浓郁的开放气息和鲜明的个性，饱含着丰富的历史文化信息。因此，若要对典故进行恰当的翻译，就必须了解其丰富的历史文化内涵。 在日常社会生活和交际活动中形成的习俗文化和地域文化方面，中日两国也不尽相同。对同一种现象或事物有时候会采用不同的言语形式来表达。在打招呼、称谓、道谢等方面也会表现出不同的约定俗成的民族文化或固定思维。 语言是文化密不可分的一个重要因素。语言的交流更多地传承着文化交流的功能，语言能力必须与文化能力有机结合，才能达到在日本文学翻译过程中准确无误表达语言和传递文化信息的目的。语言与文化的密切关系也注定了翻译与文化的密切关系，正是文化信息的跨语言传达，才使人类有了今天的高度文明。在翻译实践中如何处理好语言中的文化个性是很重要的。因此，日本文学作品的翻译不能仅限于对原文的复述，还必须考虑到消除二者语言文化上的差异，这样才能发挥出日本文学翻译中异文化传达的作用。 参考文献： [1]田山花袋.蒲�.[M].新潮文库(日本).1997 [2]黄凤英・胡毓.棉被.[M].海峡文芸出版社.1987 [3]肖海燕.文学翻译中的文化意象及其翻译.[J].三峡大学学报.2006(7) [4]周福娟.中国文学翻译之管窥.[J]天津外国语学院学报.2005(5) [5]贺立杰.日本文学作品翻译中的理解与表达.[J].日语学习与研究.2004(1) 日本文学翻译论文集篇2 浅谈日本文学作品中拟声拟态词的翻译方法 【摘 要】本文以川端康成的短篇小说《伊豆舞女》为研究对象，以目前使用较为广泛的叶渭渠和李德纯的中文译本为例，将文中出现的拟声拟态词与译本进行对照分析，考察汉语表达的特点，并在此基础上进一步探讨汉译时的翻译技巧。 【关键词】拟声拟态词;翻译;《伊豆舞女》 一、引言 在日语词汇中，拟声拟态词，可以说是与日本人的感情表达方式密切联系，在日常会话和文学作品中广泛使用。其数量和变化形式也很多，成为日语学习者的难点之一。比起日语的拟声拟态词，汉语虽然也大量存在拟声词，但是拟态词却往往被归类为形容词。根据章银泉(1988)，汉语中声音描写词有一千一百多条;而浅野鹤子(1991)表明日语的拟声词有347个，拟态词有1300个。所以很多情况下，日语的拟声拟态词不能完全一一对应的翻译成汉语的拟声拟态词。另外，日语拟声拟态词的特点在于它将语音和语义直接结合，通过声音直接和神态直接诉诸人的感官而唤起某种情感或情形，所以外国人理解起来很困难，加上文学作品中的拟声拟态词，不能亲自看到或听到对方的声音和看到对方的神情，只能通过作者的描写去感受，所以翻译起来就增加了难度。本稿通过《伊豆舞女》 这篇短篇小说中两个译本的拟声拟态词的翻译为例，考察日汉表达特点的异同，并进一步探究日语拟声拟态词翻译方法和技巧。 二、先行研究和本稿的研究内容 日语拟声拟态词的汉语翻译，有许多学者进行了研究，而且取得了丰硕的成果。 徐一平(2010)提出了“使用相对应的汉语象声词，根据原文造象声词，翻译为叠词，翻译为形容词”等迄今为止出版的以翻译的文献为基础的拟声拟态词的汉语翻译方法。 梁传宝，高宁(2000) 指出，在翻译的时候应该注意汉语象声词语的选择以及注意清，浊音与拟声拟态词的意义变化。 文学作品中的拟声拟态词翻译目前国内主要有以下成果。 赵鲲(2012)指出，直译，创造新的象声词，翻译为名词，形容词，叠词等方法。 罗继英(2011)，通过对日语拟声拟态词的结构形态，意象内涵，语法功能等方面来分析如何汉译象声词。 本稿以日语拟声拟态词的结构形态为基础，把《伊豆舞女》中出现的拟声拟态词进行分类。然后选出《伊豆舞女》的两个不同的汉语译本中关于拟声拟态词的例句，对日语拟声拟态词的具体翻译方法做出考察，并说明在翻译时应该注意的地方。 三、《伊豆舞女》中的拟声拟态词 《伊豆舞女》虽然不是川端康成的诺贝尔获奖作品，但以其一贯的表达方式，也被当做是他重要的哀婉小说之一。其中拟声拟态词的使用也是一大特色，《伊豆舞女》字数大约为17000字左右，而文中的拟声拟态词有46个，有些句子甚至一连出现好几个拟声拟态词。如： 私はほうっと深い息を吐いてから、ことこと笑った。(我的心仿佛是一泓清泉，猛地深深吐了一口气，嘴角露出微微的笑意。) 原文连续用了ほうっと和ことこと两个拟声拟态词，来描写主人公当时的心境和样子，译文也相应了运用“猛地深深吐了一口气”“嘴角露出微微的笑意”生动的传达了原文的意境。 通过拟声拟态词的运用，原文把自然现象中风声，雨滴声描绘得生动传神，特别是主人公颇多的内心活动和舞女的一举一动，使人如临其境，感同深受。所以要求译者不能只是用枯燥的语言传达大致意思，需要在翻译拟声拟态词的时候考究相应的汉语拟声拟态词或者是用其他词汇来替代。 李镜儿(2007)汉语中的拟声拟态词按音节结构分为A式，AB式，ABCD式，AA式，ABB式，AABB式，ABAB式，ABCB式和特殊式等12种。陶振孝、徐一平(1998)把日语拟声拟态词分为ABAB式，ABっ式，AっAっ式等13种，而《伊豆舞女》中出现的有8种。 四、《伊豆舞女》中拟声拟态词的汉译 日语的拟声词可以对应汉语的象声词，这是因为日汉拟声词的性质与音节结构很相似;拟态词一般翻译为形容词，副词，动词短语，惯用句等，因为汉语中没有完全对应的拟态词，所以往往一个日语拟态词翻译时需要用说明式的方法，比如在翻译日语「くたくた」的时候，一般就用“累得筋疲力尽，累得要命等”。而文学作品的翻译，不只是要传达作者的基本意思，还要传神，尽可能的重现原著高水平的文学功底。本稿将对《伊豆舞女》中的拟声拟态词译本进行考察，分为以下几种翻译。(在此，笔者将根据拟声拟态词的分类，并结合叶谓渠和李德纯的译本中对原文出现的拟声拟态词的汉译进行考察，本稿把叶谓渠的译本简称“叶译本”，李德纯的译本简称“李译本”。) (一)日语拟声词的汉译表达 日语的拟声词大多可译成汉语的中的象声词，这是由于在性质上象声词与日语的拟音词较为接近，音节结构相似，对于同等事物音声的表达也很类似。因为汉语中的象声词也有拟态的作用，所以日语中的一部分拟态词也可以通过直译来表达。 1.译为象声词 (1)译为汉语的AABB或者ABAB型 ①暗いトンネルに入ると、冷たい�がぽたぽた落ちていた。 叶译本：走进黑��的隧道，冰凉的水滴滴答答地落下来。 李译本：我走进黝黯的隧道，冰凉的水珠嘀嘀答答流了下来。 两个版本都直接音译为相对应的象声词，是原文声音或者样态的的重现，使人感觉真的听到水滴声一样。 ②二人が�し出したのを�て、うしろから女たちがばたばた走り寄って来た。 叶译本：姑娘们看见我们两个人谈开了，便从后面急步赶了上来。 李译本：女人们看见我们两个搭了腔，也从后面吧嗒吧嗒跑过来。 李译本用象声词吧嗒吧嗒来修饰跑的时候的声音，使人仿佛感觉到日本女性穿着木屐走路的样子，仿佛身临其境。 猜你喜欢： 1. 日本文学方面的论文 2. 浅谈日本文学论文开题报告 3. 中国文学翻译成英文美文 4. 日本文学的历史时期划分 5. 雪国读后感

大学翻译论文开题报告

开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向) Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标) Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified Black Is Associated With Profit Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Death Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With Death and Poor White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red is Associated with the Obscenity Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Noble Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture. 四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点) With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related. 五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点) The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords. 六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排) 1. - , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2. - , 2008 Data gathering 3. - , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline 4. - , 2009 Literature review 5. - , 2009 First draft 6. - , 2009 Second draft 7. - , 2009 Final version 8. - May 14th, 2009 Printing 9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate 七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料) [1] Baugh, . & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [2] Eckersley, . Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979. [3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985. [4] Hornby, . Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974. [5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. .: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997. [6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. .: Edward Arnold, 1989. [7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981. [8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. [9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007. [11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7). [12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002. [13] 邓炎昌，刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1991. [14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3). [15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2). 指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见) 指导教师 年 月 日 系(教研室)审查意见: 系(教研室)主任: 年 月 日

你好，这个不是固定的，你可以和导师商量一下

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况：

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。

张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲：

thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见：

指导教师签名：

年 月 日

题目定了么，格式给我。