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学术论文英文摘要写作解析论文

发布时间:2024-07-04 21:02:54

学术论文英文摘要写作解析论文

英文摘要是科学家在现代科技交流中高速地输入和输出信息的重要手段。本文讨论了优秀英文摘要的基本要素,包括文摘的功能,文摘的种类,文摘的内容和文摘的风格。同时提供了简明的英文摘要写作指南。

文摘是长篇文献的缩影,它置于论文、技术报告、专论、和其他文献之前,概括总结和突出文献的要点.在科技文献急骤增加的信息时代,各种文献杂志和检索系统情报库应运而生,种类越来越多,覆盖面越来越广,信息量越来越大。文摘已成为科技人员输人和输出信息的重要手段,成为科学交流中传递科技情报的重要方式.为了促进国际交流,各国科技出版物都附有英文摘要.本文拟从英文摘要的功能、种类、内容和文体风格等方面对英文摘要的写法进行探讨。

学术论文英文摘要写作要点

理想的文摘通常应包括以下主要内容:目的和范围、方法和过程、结果和结论。

一般的英文摘要为 200 词左右的一段文章,用标准的英语、规范的语法和完整的句子,简明扼要地陈述一次文献的目的、方法、结果和结论。文摘自身要完整,可以不依附于一次文献而独立存在。它应尽可能多地包含一次文献的信息,最好能保持一次文献的基调和风格,但不能出现一次文献里没有的东西。由于篇幅的限制,文摘不宜列举例证,不宜引用他人的作品,不宜使用插图和表格。为了提高可读性 (readability),文摘中应尽量少用或不用非标准的缩写词及符号,方程式和分子式,不宜过多地运用太专业化的术语。好的文摘应是:信息准确,文字精炼,连贯流畅,逻辑性强,通俗易懂,引人人胜。

1. 文摘的开头

文摘关系到读者是否阅读文献全文,文摘的开头多种多样。下面这两种方法是比较好的,用得比较普遍。

(1) 用陈述目的和范围的主题句开始。这种方法开门见山,直截了当,使读者一下就抓住文摘的中心。如:

(2) 在回顾历史或总结现状的基础上提出问题。引出文献的主题。这种方法逻辑性强,丝丝入扣,使读者产生一种非一口气读完,找到解决问题的方法方肯罢休的强烈愿望。如:

2. 文摘的结尾

文摘的结尾如同文摘的开头一样,给人以深刻的印象。文摘的结尾方法多种多样,但下面两种方法使用得比较经常。

(1) 用「结论」结尾。如果是源于实验的论文文摘,常在结尾指出这些实验结果表明什么;如果论文是关于一种新方法、新工艺或新装置,结尾时可指明其用途或价值。如:

(2) 指出文献中的其他内容。

3. 文摘的人称

绝大多数英文摘要都使用第三人称(但不使用 he 和 she),间或出现 the author(s),the writer(s) 和第一人称 we,即使原文献作者只有 1 人,也宜用「we」而不宜用「I」。请看下面这篇文摘,作者是 Ahmed E. Kamal.

4. 文摘的语态

目前各国出版的英文摘要中,相当一部分用被动语态写成,以减少主观因素,增强客观性。如:

5. 文摘中的缩写词

由于篇幅原因,在学术论文英文摘要中广泛使用缩写词,其使用频率远远超出其他类型的文献。

英文摘要写作要素

准备简明、完整、独立的文摘

简要地陈述文献的目的、方法、结果和结论

在有限的篇幅里尽量多容纳文献的内容

文摘中定量定性信息应与文献中的相符

使用标准英语和准确术语,遵循传统语法和标点规则

不要在文摘里出现文献里没有的东西

不要在文摘中陈述背景知识和引用他人作品

不用非标准的缩写词、符号,也不用图表和其他非文字性材料

当不太熟悉的缩写词第一次出现时,应注出全文

删去不必要的单词、短语和句子

下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板,希望对你们有帮助。

Abstract

Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.

According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS . And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.

Abstract

A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。

Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.

Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.

Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 95% confidential interval of [, ])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.

Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = = 0,01 < ),Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =, g 二 , g = respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = , p = < )。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of and respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.

Abstract

The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture), aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?

This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, . thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999),the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b),andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008),to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.

The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.

Abstract

Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.

To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.

There are three hypotheses:

1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?

Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS . And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.

Abstract

In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.

Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.

Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.

Abstract

Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.

With the aid of AntConc and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English),FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus), the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.

学术论文摘要写作要求

学术论文摘要格式规范

导语:学术论文摘要的格式规范是怎样的呢?摘要是一份文献内容的准确压缩,不加解释或评论,是论文的重要组成部分。下面是我分享的学术论文摘要的格式规范,欢迎阅读!

1 摘要的定义与三类摘要的写法

国际标准ISO214-1976指出:摘要是一份文献内容的准确压缩,不加解释或评论。中国国家标准规定:摘要是报告、论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。摘要是读者判断论文价值,判断论文是否值得阅读的依据。会议所征摘要是决定是否录用全文的依据。写好摘要是科技人员写作所必备的基本功。如果一篇内容价值较高的学术论文,其摘要写得平平淡淡,不能体现论文的特点和学术价值,将带来一系列不利影响:失去被刊载的机会,需要本文的读者不会阅读全文,从而失去应有的学术影响;对中文期刊论文而言,难以进入国际检索系统等。

摘要分为报道性摘要、指示性摘要、报道—指示性摘要、结构性摘要等种类。学术期刊多采用报道性摘要,特别是试验研究和有定量数据的论文。对新内容较少,或数据少的论文用指示性摘要或报道—指示性摘要。摘要的内容一般由3部分组成:研究目的,研究方法,研究结果或结论。中文摘要一般200-300字,外文摘要字数不超过250个实词。摘要的详简程度和篇幅大小根据具体情况及要求而定,如期刊论文摘要、会议征稿摘要、博士学位论文摘要的差别很大。期刊论文摘要通常位于署名和单位地址之后。

报道性摘要

报道性摘要要求反映作者的主要成果,提供比较完整的定量及定性信息。篇幅一般为200-300字。示例如下:

示例1: (题名:BiSrCaCuO高温超导纤维)

采用激光加热小基座法(LHPG)成功地制备出BiSrCaCuO超导纤维。它性能稳定,工艺可重复性高。纤维最大长度达60mm,直径范围35-500um,其中细径纤维有挠性。超导纤维的起始转变温度为118K,零电阻温度为87K,临近电流密度为 (77K,H=0,直流电流量)。纤维中超导相(2212相),显微结构有典型的取向性。纤维的超导电性与其生长条件及后处理过程密切相关。首次指出,a轴平行于纤维的轴向。

示例2:(篇名: 约瑟夫森结Alx-Al隧道势垒的实验研究)

通过X光电子能谱、阳极氧化电压谱和FISKE台阶电压的测量,研究了约瑟夫森结中ALOX-AL隧道势垒。发现结的隧道势垒最佳沉积AL层厚度为7nm,AL上形成了ALOX厚度只取决于氧化条件,与沉积AL厚无关,势垒AL氧化物可能含有一个像ALOOH态的OH基团。

指示性摘要

指示性摘要的目的是使读者对论文有一个概括的了解,适用于新内容较少,或数据少的论文。篇幅一般为50-100字。示例如下:

示例1: (题名 :冷轧槽楔外端与摩擦影响的定量分析)

建立了与Avitzuer不同的连续速度场,经变上限积分与参量积分求的槽楔冷轧变形力上界解解,并侧重定量的讨论了外端与摩擦对变形力的影响。

示例2: (题名 :白薯线虫的防治)

对密西西比州种植的白薯由于根节线虫所引起的问题作了讨论,叙述了1967年由蔬菜收获分公司实验站所进行的商品熏剂和杀虫剂的试验。对行间撒播的施用方法作了比较。列出了包括商品杀线虫剂vorlex、DOW WV W─85、DD和试验的固体杀线虫剂68 138及Dasanit的试验结果。

示例3: (题名:湘江水体中硒的分布)

[目的] 为给综合防治污染提供一定依据,对湘江水体中硒的分布进行了探讨。

[方法] 在湘江上游兴安县至洞庭湖的河口采集了28个底泥样品, 用气相色谱法进行分析。

[结果] 结果表明:湘江底泥已受到不同程度的污染,其中有些硒含量超过本底值数的十倍甚至百倍,大多数样品中硒含量较一般土壤和底泥为高。还分析了污染严重的霞湾港水样,结果表明此段江水中硒含量尚不高,在地面水最高容许浓度范围内。

报道—指示性摘要

报道—指示性摘要是对论文中价值最高部分内容采用报道性摘要,其余部分以指示性摘要报道。篇幅一般为100-200字。

示例1: (题名:柴油机燃用棉籽油的试验研究)

介绍了不经任何改装的S195型柴油机燃用棉籽油与柴油混合油或纯棉籽油的试验研究情况。结果表明,燃用棉柴混合油或纯棉籽油时,发动机性能良好,无异常现象;适当调整供油提前角、加大循环供油量,可以达到原机功率,而且烟度有所下降。还分析了S195型柴油机在试验工况下的燃烧特性和放热规律。

2 写作中的常见问题

要有摘要与论文分离单独出版的写作思想,对随文摘要,不要认为“全文在后边”,编写摘要可简单、随便。

应用“用(采用)...方法”、“报告了...现状”、“进行了...调查”等记述方法编写摘要。即,要用第三人称编写,不要用第一、二人称编写,不要用“本文”、“我们”、“作者”、 “THIS PAPER"、"THIS ARTICLES"等作为主语。

不用图表、示意图、公式、结构式和非公用的符号和术语。

要采用规范化的名词术语、缩略语、略语、代号、法定计量单位、简化字和标点符号。

避免与标题和引言在用词上明显重复,忌罗列正文中目次,小标题和段落标题,或结论部分的文字。

要排除在本学科领域已成为常识的内容和教材中已有的东西。

除非该论文证实或否定了他人已出版的著作,否则不必引用。

不要作自我评价。如:本文以变量代换为工具,利用高等代数的知识,证明了齐线性微分方程组的降阶定理,给出了一种实际的解题方法。因此,这个结论的证明不仅具有一定的理论意义,而且在解题过程中也具有重要的指导意义。

不要对题名等进行注解。如论文“分类指导重点突破加速农机化步伐”的摘要写成:农机化是农业生产力发展到一定阶段的必然过程,是现代农业的产物,在我国它的发展只能与农村经济发展水平相适用。因此分类指导即根据不同经济力、生产组织形式和现实物质技术条件,进行有效地指导、协调、组织带层次性的农机化生产。重点突破即在提高经济效率的前提下,在“化”水平上有所突破。

3 成功写作摘要的要点

摘要写作成功的诀窍是突出新贡献,并使之尖锐化。用精辟语句使新东西出现在摘要的突出位置。所谓新贡献包括:新技术、新理论、新方法、新观点、新规律、纠正前人错误、解决争议、补充和发展前人成果等。有的作者常常不在摘要中体现重要的研究成果,而到论文的后部分经分析推论等才指明,这是错误的观点和写作方式。

使自己新贡献尖锐化。即区别他人工作和自己新贡献不同之处(如:“想法”、“设想”和“已给出数学定义、模型”等的.区别),使之分离,使自己新东西尖锐化。新贡献不要多谈,要精辟。不能模棱两可,让读者去分析作者的贡献“新”在何处。而应指出来让读者看。但不能自我评价。

知识扩展:毕业论文报道性摘要范文

目的公共卫生硕士学位论文英文摘要是学位论文的重要组成部分,是展示学习者的专业知识和科研能力的重要途径。英文摘要的规范性、准确性、严谨性也直接影响到公共卫生硕士论文的最终评审。为繁荣医学教育,推动公共卫生事业发展,促进公共卫生领域的国际学术交流,撰写高质量的公共卫生专业学术论文英文摘要显得尤为重要。通过对收集的210篇预防医学与流行病学专业的优秀硕士学位论文英文摘要的结构和语言进行分析研究,发现论文英文摘要中存在的语言问题,对其进行确认、分类、统计和分析,探究导致这些语言错误出现的原因及影响因素,并对如何减少和避免这些错误,提高公共卫生硕士专业学位论文英文摘要的语言写作水平提出建议。

方法本研究釆用文献分析法与数理统计法,从公共卫生专业硕士学位论文中,即预防医学与卫生学一级学科下的环境卫生、劳动卫生、放射卫生、营养卫生食品卫生、个人卫生与保健、计划生育与妇幼保健和流行病学与防疫七个专业类别中,分层抽样,随机选取了 210篇优秀硕士学位论文,对其英文摘要的语篇结构、单词量、错误量、错误率和在摘要中出现的10种常见语言错误的分类统计,根据专业不同和错误类别的差异,比较分析可能导致各类语言错误产生的原因。

结果通过查找、确认、统计和分析,得出以下结果:(1)公共卫生硕士学位论文英文摘要总单词平均数为±个,各专业每篇平均单词数为环境卫生专业±个,放射卫生专业±个,劳动卫生专业±个,流行病学与防疫专业±个,营养与食品卫生专业±个,个人卫生与保健专业±个,计划生育与妇幼保健专业±个;(2)公共卫生专业硕士学位论文英文摘要平均每篇的错误数量为±个,每篇错误率(即错误数量/总单词数量)为±个。营养卫生食品卫生专业的错误量和错误率最高,环境卫生专业其次,流行病学与防疫专业错误量和错误率最低。

环境卫生专业平均每篇错误量为±个,错误率为±;放射卫生专业每篇错误量为±个,错误率为±;劳动卫生专业每篇错误量为士个,错误率为±;流行病与防疫专业每篇错误量为±个,错误率为±;营养卫生食品卫生专业每篇错误量为±个,错误率为±;个人卫生与保健专业,每篇错误量为±个,错误率为±;计划生育与妇幼保健专业每篇错误量为±个,错误率为±; (3)对各类常见语法错误进行分类和统计分析,所得结果为单词拼写错误在摘要中错误率为,单复数错误在摘要中错误率为,冠词使用错误在摘要中错误率为,介词搭配错误在摘要中错误率为,形容词和副词使用错误在摘要中错误率为,时态和语态错误在摘要中错误率为,用词不当(或称选词不当)在摘要在错误率为,主谓一致在摘要中错误率为,指代不清在摘要中错误率为,汉式英语现象(又称中式英语)在摘要中错误率为.其中时态和语态错误在摘要中错误率最高,其次为汉式英语现象(又称中式英语),主谓一致错误率最少。相关分析结果表明,公共卫生硕士学位论文英文摘要的语言错误出现与摘要写作语篇结构和摘要单词数量无关,七类专业方向在10类常见语法错误方面有差异,差异有显着统计学意义。

结论导致公共卫生硕士学位论文英文摘要中出现多种语言错误的原因是多方面的,分析其中主要原因可能是:大学阶段对公共英语基础知识的学习不够扎实、研究生录取时的英语分数线较低、大学及研究生阶段对于医学专业的英文学习自主性低、研究生自身及导师对学位论文英文摘要不够重视、主要精力都投注于专业学习和实验调查中等等。为提高公共卫生硕士研究生学位论文英文摘要的写作水平,有必要从强化教学、提高自我认识、优化学习方法、加强写作练习与讨论、增进国际交流等多方面入手。

学术写作论文摘要部分翻译英语

摘要用英文表达为digest或是abstract,读音为[daɪˈdʒest,dɪˈdʒest],[ˈæbstrækt]。

重点词汇解释:

1、digest

vt. 消化;吸收;融会贯通

vi. 消化

n. 文摘;摘要

双语例句:

He read rapidly but did not digest anything.

他读得很快,但什么也没领会到。

2、abstract

adj. 纯理论的;抽象的;抽象派的

n. 摘要;抽象;抽象的概念;抽象派艺术作品

v. 摘要;提取;抽象化;退出;转移;使心不在焉

双语例句:

His abstracts are held in numerous collections.

他的抽象画被纳入到很多收藏中。

扩展资料:

abstract的用法:

abstract 的基本意思是抽象的,观念上的,理论的,可与个别情况相对,也可与具体经验相对。多指品质或特征,而不指物体或事实。有时意味着脱离现实,而且缺乏对实际事物的专门实用性,引申可作难懂的,过于深奥的意思。abstract用于艺术作品时可指抽象派的。

abstract作抽象的,抽象派的意思时不用于比较等级,作难懂的,过于深奥的意思时可用于比较等级。

abstract用作名词时其意思有以下几点:一是抽象概念;二是抽象派艺术作品,如抽象画,抽象雕塑,抽象设计等;三是文献等的摘要,概要,梗概,多指学术或法律方面比较艰深或复杂的文字摘要。

abstract常用于短语in the abstract中,意思是就一般而言,抽象地,在理论上,abstract前的定冠词the不可遗漏。

Abstract: objective of universal principles for digestion paradox. The typical analysis method, find common cause. The analysis result was 11 (including the famous paradox is still considered the ". franklin without a person can make everybody convincing explicitly proposes the paradox of reasoning, and any fallacy paradox liar paradox termination, can cause) from the following principles explaining violation of thinking in handling the relationship between the concept, the logical thing is not the first thing on the logic and confused. According to the principle of the straight, through the analysis of the specific example Narrows definition, not all the straight predicate definition contains a vicious circle. Conclusion the principle is to prevent the paradox and an effective principle, the article, the principle that generality, General to the cause of contradiction in the straight predicate definition (depends) and banned the use of it in mathematics, lack of logic based : paradox, Invalid reasoning, The straight predicate, Logic has not confuse principle

In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early

论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等,重点是结论,是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文,根据内容的不同,摘要可分为以下三大类:报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。

中文名

论文摘要

外文名

abstract

字 数

一般为正文字数10%左右

语 言

一般中文与英文并存

主要组成

目的 方法 结果 结论

写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。

介绍背景知识时,要用一般现在时,例如:

Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.

叙述研究现状时,也可以用一般现在时,例如:

This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.

叙述研究结果时,大多数用一般过去时,例如:

Our text achieved the possibility above.

学术论文摘要写作方法

一、论文摘要是什么?摘要内容怎么写?

摘要位于标题和前言之间,是文章主要内用的摘录,起报道和检索的作用。过去,在撰写学术论文时无摘要一项,现在有些论文增加了摘要,但对撰写摘要的目的与要求还有待进一步研究。

二、国家标准对论文的摘要做了如下规定:

摘要是报告,论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。摘要原意是“通知”“转达”“报告”。

三、摘要的特点

摘要撰写形式有三个特点:短、精、完整

1,短

摘要篇幅短小精悍。字数少,最短的十几个字,最长的也不过300字。

2,精

摘要内容精炼,应筛选文章的精华。

3,完整

摘要可以独立成篇。有一种检索性刊物——文摘杂志,专门刊登摘要。

总之,摘要是对报告、论文内容的简短陈述。这说明摘要的对象主要是论文的内容,他是论文的缩影,是论文不加注释和评论的简短陈述。摘要的作用主要是让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容和结论。

四、摘要的内容

摘要的语言虽然简短,但它的内容涵盖性却十分深广,基本内容是:

1.某项学术研究的缘由、目的、范围、价值等。即研究背景。(背景)

2.某项学术研究的对象、主要内容、实验过程,观察的新现象,取得的新成果。新成果中运用

了哪些新方法,新方法新技术同老方法老技术在产量、规模、费用、性能方面的比较等(方法)

3.主要结论及其价值。(结果)

五、论文摘要4要素:

学术论文的摘要通常只有一段,但核心要点有两个,一是简洁,二是全面。二者并不矛盾,简洁是要求摘要不写无关紧要的内容;而全面则是要求摘要尽量把

与论文的核心论证和相关结论写明。

摘要的主要内容应采取以“问题一结论”为主导的写法。

1.论文研究的问题,即论文的主题。

2.方法论,即如果论文采取了具有特色的方法论,应在摘要中说明。

3.理论预设,即如果论文采用了与本学科不同的理论预设与价值判断的,应予说明。

4.观点和结论,即说明论文的核心结论,如果论文的结论较多,则以重要性为标准选择。

简单来说,就是“研究了什么问题,用何种方法(基于何种理论)研究的,得出了哪些结论”。其中,研究的问题和观点结论是务必要涵盖的。

六、论文摘要这么写,为什么错了?

举例1:本文从角色和个体关系的视角界定了法律行为的主体,说明了法律行为形成的途径和内容,探讨了个体社会化的过程及其法律社会化的两个阶段,指出

了现阶段塑造法律人格的内容、意义和措施。

这则摘要按照论文的目录罗列了论文讨论的各个问题,但是却没有阐述各部分之间的关系、各部分与主题的关系以及论文的核心结论是什么。从这则摘要里,我们实际上无法得到有价值的信息。比如,“说明了法律行为形成的途径和内容”,什么途径?哪些内容?从摘要我们不得而知。“探讨了个体社会化的过程及其法律社会化的两个阶段”,哪两个阶段?划分标准是什么?

也就是说,摘要的作用就是,即便读者不通读文献全文,也能基本了解作者的观点或结论。如果对于这个观点或者结论,作者感兴趣,就可以选择精读文献。如果从摘要中看出作者的观点或结论并不新颖或者没有什么价值,那直接把这篇文献略过就可以了。(实际上,这也是我们筛选文献的基本方法,切记,并非所有文献都需要精读。)

举例2:公共政策是政府治理的基本手段,在“精准时代”到来之际,确保公共政策精准性,制定和执行精准性政策,促进公共政策走向更高水准的科学性及有效性,应是推进政府精准治理的应有之义。“政策精准性”作为公共政策的应然属性,要求其达到高水平“精细的准确”状态,进而生成与运行“精准性政策”。“政策精准性”从根本上源自其核心要素,主要取决于对政策主体的精准规定、对政策客体的精准界定、对政策目标的精准设定、对政策工具的精准选定。“精准性政策”的实现,需要在精准研策、精准制策、精准施策、精准评策等各个环节综合发力,实现整个政策系统及政策过程的全面改进。”(《政策精准性与精准性政策“精准时代”的一个重要公共政策走向》,中国行政管理,2018,1)

这则摘要详略得当,通过几句话就表达了论文的核心内容和作者的观点。完全可以作为写作参考借鉴的范本。

“公共政策是政府治理的基本手段,在“精准时代”到来之际,确保公共政策精准性,制定和执行精准性政策,促进公共政策走向更高水准的科学性及有效性,应是推进政府精准治理的应有之义。”【说明了研究的问题,也表达了研究的意义】

“政策精准性”作为公共政策的应然属性,要求其达到高水平“精细的准确”状态,进而生成与运行“精准性政策”。“政策精准性”从根本上源自其核心要素,主要取决于对政策主体的精准规定、对政策客体的精准界定、对政策目标的精准设定、对政策工具的精准选定。“精准性政策”的实现,需要在精准研策、精准制策、精准施策、精准评策等各个环节综合发力,实现整个政策系统及政策过程的全面改进。”【明确的阐述了观点的结论,语言精练,用词准确。】

例3:【目的/意义】突发事件的频发往往成为网络舆情生发的重要导火索研究突发事件网络舆情的生发机理,对于舆情的导控及治理而言意义非凡。【方法/过程】

基于信息生态视角,从信息、信息人信息环境与信息技术四个要素提炼出事件信息、发布主体、信息受众、信息技术及信息环境五个解释变量通过清晰集定性比

较分析法(csQCA)对40起突发事件进行比较分析据此得出三个有效的条件构型。【结果/结论】结果表明社会安全突发事件借助网络媒体平台容易激发公众负面情绪提升网络舆情的生发热度;良好的信息环境在方便公众沟通交流的同时,也一定程度上推动了突发事件网络舆情的生发;发布主体的非理性是突发事件网络舆情生发的重要原因。(信息生态视域下突发事件网络舆情生发机理研究—基于40起突发事件的清晰集定性比较分析,情报科学,2019,12)

该例是目前部分期刊采用的结构式摘要的典型写法。结构式摘要的一般都要求包括目的、方法、结果与结论等基本部分。按照目标期刊要求撰写即可。

完毕!

论文摘要包括:目的、方法、结果和结论四部分。

1、目的

简明指出此项工作的目的,研究的范围。

2、方法

简要说明研究课题的基本做法,包括对象(分组及每组例数、对照例数或动物只数等)、材料和方法(包括所用药品剂量,重复次数等)。统计方法特殊者需注明。

3、结果

简要列出主要结果(需注明单位)、数据、统计学意义(P值)等,并说明其价值和局限性。

4、结论

简要说明从该项研究结果取得的正确观点、理论意义或实用价值、推广前景。中、英文摘要前需标明中、英文文题,作者姓名(至多3名)及作者单位(邮政编码)。英文摘要应隔行打字,以便修改。

写作要求:

1、摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容;切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。

2、不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。

3、结构严谨,表达简明,语义确切。摘要先写什么,后写什么,要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯,互相呼应。摘要慎用长句,句型应力求简单。每句话要表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词,但摘要毕竟是一篇完整的短文,电报式的写法亦不足取。摘要不分段。

以上内容参考:百度百科-论文摘要

sci论文写作解析pdf

你是要发表什么样的文章呢?是普通的散文还是学术论文呢?一般普通的散文只要投稿杂 志 3-10 天内就会给你打电话是否录用了,然后把稿费给你邮过来,但是学术期刊可以没有 什么稿费了,还要你自己付版面费用。目前国内绝大部分学术期刊都向作者.

1时态方面

时态发挥着传达信息的作用。通过时态的选择和在同一篇论文摘要中不同时态的搭配使用,译者可以很便捷地表达出各个研究行为间的时间先后次序以及相互之间的影响与联系。然而。在许多论文摘要翻译中存在着时态运用不当的问题,这样会严重影响读者对sci论文的理解也会降低科技论文的水平。科技论文摘要的英译常选用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。这三种时态适用于以下的不同

情况:

1)一般现在时用来叙述研究的目标、内容、方法以及研究结果等,通常表示现在存在的状态、客观事实或普遍真理。

2)一般过去时则往往用来说明过去尤其是论文撰写之前某一时间的发现、研究过程或最终试验结果。此时态用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。

3)现在完成时用来介绍已经完成的研究和试验,并强调其对现在的影响。此时态将过去时间发生的事情与现在的情况联系起来,强调过去对现在的影响和作用。The result has been proved that.……

2语态方面

在科技论文摘要翻译中,最常采用的语态是被动语态。如:A new approach is put forward inthe paper that...../Conclusion can be drawn from the experiment that.....通过体会这些被动语态的例子,我们不难发现:较之主动语态,被动式在科技摘要翻译中有着如下的优势:

1)科技论文常常需要介绍客观的、不以人的意志为转移的研究过程、实验结果等方面内容。使用被动语态可以更好地突出科学研究的客观性。

2)使用被动式也可避免提及动作的施动者,这样反而使研究动作有了更广泛的普遍性。

3)由于被动语态的特殊结构,使其在句子结构调节方面有着更大的灵活性,有利于在添加短语结构、扩充句子信息的同时保持句式的平衡、工整。

可以去期刊汇咨询一下

是评职称吗?SCI一般发表是比较严格的,具体可以跟我们精品书厢了解下

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