通信专业的研究英文论文

通信专业的研究英文论文

基于WIN CE的ADSL线路参数研究ADSL line parameters research based on WIN CE CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded CE since version [2][3], and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is not to be confused with Windows XP Embedded which is NT-based. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH CE is optimized for devices that have minimal storage—a Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a “closed” system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM). Windows CE conforms to the definition of a real-time operating system, with a deterministic interrupt latency. It supports 256 priority levels and uses priority inheritance for dealing with priority inversion. The fundamental unit of execution is the thread. This helps to simplify the interface and improve execution has stated that the ‘CE’ is not an intentional initialism, but many people believe CE stands for ‘Consumer Electronics’ or ‘Compact Edition’; users often disparagingly called it “Wince”.[4] Microsoft says it implies a number of Windows CE design precepts, including “Compact, Connectable, Compatible, Companion, and Efficient.”[5] The first version, known during development under the codename “Pegasus”, featured a Windows-like GUI and a number of Microsoft's popular applications, all trimmed down for smaller storage, memory, and speed of the palmtops of the then, Windows CE has evolved into a component-based, embedded, real-time operating system. It is no longer targeted solely at hand-held computers. Many platforms have been based on the core Windows CE operating system, including Microsoft's AutoPC, Pocket PC 2000, Pocket PC 2002, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003 SE, Windows Mobile , Windows Mobile 6, Smartphone 2002, Smartphone 2003 and many industrial devices and embedded systems. Windows CE even powered select games for the Sega Dreamcast, was the operating system of the controversial Gizmondo handheld, and can partially run on modified Microsoft Xbox game distinctive feature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Windows CE OS image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware environments (other than the CPU family) are still distributed in binary form toolsVisual StudioLate versions of Microsoft Visual Studio support projects for Windows CE / Windows Mobile, producing executable programs and platform images either as an emulator or attached by cable to an actual mobile device. A mobile device is not necessary to develop a CE program. The .NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the .NET Framework with projects in C# and , but not Managed C++.Platform BuilderThis programming tool is used for building the platform (BSP + Kernel), device drivers (shared source or custom made) and also the application. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (standard development kit) for the target microprocessor (SuperH, x86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used with another associated tool set named Visual C++ (eVC)The Embedded Visual C++ tool is for development of embedded application for Windows CE based devices. This tool can be used standalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder using the Platform Manager connectivity to Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and SmartPhoneOften Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Pocket PC are used interchangeably. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other components' features (. varying levels of windowing support; DCOM vs COM), others which are mutually exclusive (Bitmap or TrueType font support), and others which add additional features to another component. One can buy a kit (the Platform Builder) which contains all these components and the tools with which to develop a custom platform. Applications such as Excel Mobile/Pocket Excel are not part of this kit. The older Handheld PC version of Pocket Word and several other older applications are included as samples, Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE underpinning. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), SmartPhone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform utilizes different components of Windows CE, as well as supplemental features and applications suited for their respective PC and Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general PDA use, and consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter than those for producing a custom Windows CE-based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the digitizer as the primary Human Interface Device and its extremely portable SmartPhone platform is a feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. SmartPhone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers. The SmartPhone interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and PhonePad input. Devices running SmartPhone do not include a touchscreen interface. SmartPhone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, whereas most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a larger Mobile 5 supports USB and new devices running this OS will also conform to the USB Mass Storage Class, meaning the storage on PPC can be accessed from any USB-equipped PC, without requiring any extra software, except requiring a compliant host. In other words, you can use it as a flash productsCompetitors to consumer CE based PDA platforms like Pocket PC – the main application of Windows CE – are Java, Symbian OS, Palm OS, iPhone OS and Linux based packages like Qtopia Embedded Linux environment from Trolltech, Convergent Linux Platform from a La Mobile, and Access Linux Platform from Orange and secondary usage of CE is in devices in need of graphical user interfaces, (point of sale terminals, media centers, web tablets, thin clients) as the main selling point CE is the look and feel being similar to desktop Windows. The competition is Windows XP, Linux and graphical packages for simpler embedded operating an RTOS, Windows CE is also theoretically a competitor to any realtime operating system in the embedded space, like VxWorks, ITRON or eCos. The dominating method, however, of mixing Windows look and feel with realtime on the same hardware, is to run double operating systems using some virtualization technology, like TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors or Intime from TenAsys in the case of Windows, and OS Ware from VirtualLogix, Padded Cell from Green Hills Software, OKL4 from Open Kernel Labs, TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors, RTS Hypervisor from Real-Time Systems or PikeOS from Sysgo, in case of the Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. It does this by utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. A splitter - or microfilter - allows a single telephone connection to be used for both ADSL service and voice calls at the same time. Because phone lines vary in quality and were not originally engineered with DSL in mind, it can generally only be used over short distances, typically less than 3mi ( km) [William Stallings' book].At the telephone exchange the line generally terminates at a DSLAM where another frequency splitter separates the voice band signal for the conventional phone network. Data carried by the ADSL is typically routed over the telephone company's data network and eventually reaches a conventional internet network. In the UK under British Telecom the data network in question is its ATM network which in turn sends it to its IP network IP distinguishing characteristic of ADSL over other forms of DSL is that the volume of data flow is greater in one direction than the other, . it is asymmetric. Providers usually market ADSL as a service for consumers to connect to the Internet in a relatively passive mode: able to use the higher speed direction for the "download" from the Internet but not needing to run servers that would require high speed in the other are both technical and marketing reasons why ADSL is in many places the most common type offered to home users. On the technical side, there is likely to be more crosstalk from other circuits at the DSLAM end (where the wires from many local loops are close to each other) than at the customer premises. Thus the upload signal is weakest at the noisiest part of the local loop, while the download signal is strongest at the noisiest part of the local loop. It therefore makes technical sense to have the DSLAM transmit at a higher bit rate than does the modem on the customer end. Since the typical home user in fact does prefer a higher download speed, the telephone companies chose to make a virtue out of necessity, hence ADSL. On the marketing side, limiting upload speeds limits the attractiveness of this service to business customers, often causing them to purchase higher cost Digital Signal 1 services instead. In this fashion, it segments the digital communications market between business and home usersHow ADSL worksOn the wireCurrently, most ADSL communication is full duplex. Full duplex ADSL communication is usually achieved on a wire pair by either frequency division duplex (FDD), echo canceling duplex (ECD), or time division duplexing (TDD). FDM uses two separate frequency bands, referred to as the upstream and downstream bands. The upstream band is used for communication from the end user to the telephone central office. The downstream band is used for communicating from the central office to the end user. With standard ADSL (annex A), the band from kHz to 138 kHz is used for upstream communication, while 138 kHz – 1104 kHz is used for downstream communication. Each of these is further divided into smaller frequency channels of kHz. During initial training, the ADSL modem tests which of the available channels have an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The distance from the telephone exchange, noise on the copper wire, or interference from AM radio stations may introduce errors on some frequencies. By keeping the channels small, a high error rate on one frequency thus need not render the line unusable: the channel will not be used, merely resulting in reduced throughput on an otherwise functional ADSL may support usage of higher frequencies as a proprietary extension to the standard. However, this requires matching vendor-supplied equipment on both ends of the line, and will likely result in crosstalk issues that affect other lines in the same is a direct relationship between the number of channels available and the throughput capacity of the ADSL connection. The exact data capacity per channel depends on the modulation method used.[edit] ModulationADSL initially existed in two flavours (similar to VDSL), namely CAP and DMT. CAP was the de facto standard for ADSL deployments up until 1996, deployed in 90 percent of ADSL installs at the time. However, DMT was chosen for the first ITU-T ADSL standards, and (also called and respectively). Therefore all modern installations of ADSL are based on the DMT modulation J and M shift the upstream/downstream frequency split up to 276 kHz (from 138 kHz used in the commonly deployed annex A) in order to boost upstream rates. Additionally, the "all-digital-loop" variants of ADSL2 and ADSL2+ (annexes I and J) support an extra 256 kbit/s of upstream if the bandwidth normally used for POTS voice calls is allocated for ADSL the ADSL access utilizes the MHz band, ADSL2+ utilizes the MHz downstream and upstream rates displayed are theoretical maxima. Note also that because Digital subscriber line access multiplexers and ADSL modems may have been implemented based on differing or incomplete standards some manufacturers may advertise different speeds. For example, Ericsson has several devices that support non-standard upstream speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s in ADSL2 and ADSL2+.[edit] Installation issuesDue to the way it uses the frequency spectrum, ADSL deployment presents some issues. It is necessary to install appropriate frequency filters at the customer's premises, to avoid interferences with the voice service, while at the same time taking care to keep a clean signal level for the ADSL the early days of DSL, installation required a technician to visit the premises. A splitter was installed near the demarcation point, from which a dedicated data line was installed. This way, the DSL signal is separated earlier and is not attenuated inside the customer premises. However, this procedure is costly, and also caused problems with customers complaining about having to wait for the technician to perform the installation. As a result, many DSL vendors started offering a self-install option, in which they ship equipment and instructions to the customer. Instead of separating the DSL signal at the demarcation point, the opposite is done: the DSL signal is "filtered off" at each phone outlet by use of a low pass filter, also known as microfilter. This method does not require any rewiring inside the customer side effect of the move to the self-install model is that the DSL signal can be degraded, especially if more than 5 voiceband devices are connected to the line. The DSL signal is now present on all telephone wiring in the building, causing attenuation and echo. A way to circumvent this is to go back to the original model, and install one filter upstream from all telephone jacks in the building, except for the jack to which the DSL modem will be connected. Since this requires wiring changes by the customer and may not work on some household telephone wiring, it is rarely done. It is usually much easier to install filters at each telephone jack that is in use.

Abstract: Chinese have experienced the pre-researches and partial satellite tests on the man carried cosmonautic vehicle, carried on the researches on environmental control and ecology protection subsystem in "Shenzhou" airships, carried on the researches on physical chemistry regenerating technical of environmental control and ecology protection & that of controlled ecology and ecology protection. This paper mainly introduces the research evolution of the technical of the environmental control and ecology protection system and analyses the technical characteristic about the environmental control and ecology protection : In this paper, we provide a new practical method to abstract noise model of INS/GNSS integrated navigation system for Kalman filter from measuring data, we first designed the experiment which based on the elaborate deduction, then we log the data of GNSS and made stationary test of the stochastic process, after that, we fit the model and estimate the parameter. This method, we think, can be used practically in other integrated navigation system.

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1Wireless technology was little more than just a distant idea for the majority of ordinary consumers ten years ago. However, it has exploded over recent years with the use of 3G phones and wireless home computing increasingly would be foolish to suggest that wireless communication has reached its peak. Whilst mobile phones and home computing will continue to be the major focus in the quest for ever increasing sophistication within the technology, new applications are emerging company, Securecom Technologies, based in Ireland, have been at the forefront of harnessing wireless technologies in the area of personal safety. They already have a number of products in the marketplace designed to enable users to activate an alarm signal to a remote emergency centre wirelessly. Their Benefon range of applications are used by vulnerable elderly people, lone workers and VIPs to increase their sense of security and ability to effortlessly get in touch with help at the touch of the are now in the process of developing PERUSE1, which stands for 'Personal Safety System Utilising Satellite combined with Emerging Technologies'. The Peruse project will develop a Wireless Personal Alarm (WPA) solution which will be carried by or worn on a person and will allow the user to summon help at the touch of a button. When the alarm has been activated, the WPA will transmit a low power signal to a satellite communications headset which will forward a message to an authorised number. This will include the identity of the person in distress, as well as their current location. However, the ingenuity of the technology goes further as it will also have the potential to transmit the user's current state of health and local environmental is envisaged that the recipient of the users SOS signal will be a fully equipped Emergency Monitoring Centre to whom the user will have previously given full instructions as to the steps they would wish to have the Centre take on their behalf in the event of an are two core components that are in the development phase. The wireless personal alarm (WPA) and a 'dongle' which provides the handset for satellite communication use which will have a low power wireless link to the important issues here are that the two components will need to take into account size, cost, accuracy of location and battery autonomy. The main benefits will be that the device will be able to be worn or carried on a person discreetly. This makes it ideal for professions such as personal security, where the ability to communicate a message quickly and without fuss can often be of paramount importance. It will herald a new era in satellite communication. No longer will the user have to tap a keypad to enter a number nor will they have to move the handset for optimal signal strength prior to sending an emergence message. This technology will be invaluable to professions such as mountain rescue and will also be a tremendous benefit to those who enjoy hiking and climbing in the course of their leisure pursuits where conventional mobile phone technology can often be rendered are currently no known competitors for this potentially life saving technology for which Securecom has filed for both Irish and European Patent Applications. Prototypes have already been manufactured and pilot programmes and laboratory tests are well under (Ultra Wide Band)2 is another example of emerging wireless technology. Alongside traditional wireless uses, UWB can also detect images through solid objects, such as people on the opposite side of a wall. This has led to an equal number of supporters and UWB can be used for consumer applications in a similar fashion to Bluetooth technology such as cable elimination between a PC and its peripheral equipment, the more interesting applications focus on its 'radar 'like imagery. These applications could be used to find people trapped in a burning building, locating hostages and captors behind a thick wall and finding objects such as those that might be buried in the ground. Heightened security at airports and other public buildings can use UWB technology to detect weapons on people and bombs in luggage and packages. In this age of heightened security, post 9/11, the benefits of this emerging technology should not be few companies have started to develop UWB products, including XtremeSpectrum, Time Domain and Aether Wire. XtremeSpectrum is developing products to enable the sending and receiving of multiple streams of digital audio and video for both battery powered and other consumer devices such as digital cameras, DVDs, DVRs, camcorders, MP3 players and set top boxes. Time Domain has developed a UWB chip set targeting three core technologies: wireless communication, precision location and tracking, and high definition portable radar whilst Aether Wire is working on miniature, distributed-position location and low data-rate communication devices. One of its goals is to develop coin sized devices that are capable of localisation to centimetre accuracy over kilometre , privacy violation is one of the major concerns of the technology's opponents. Any technology that can 'see' through solid objects can be used for illegal purposes as well as legitimate ones. In theory, a UWB-enabled system could 'look through' the walls of a house to locate valuable objects and could detect when the occupants are not at home. Supporters, however, could rightly point out that this is a dilemma shared by many technologies that are used to enhance public safety - the juggling act between increased security versus decreased personal freedom. It could be argued that baggage searches at airports via x-ray and metal detection are common examples of us giving up privacy for better security, a price most people are willing to other area is more at the forefront of the emergence of innovation in wireless technology than space exploration. Future missions to nearby planets like Mars will require space communication technologies that can provide an interplanetary satellite and navigation infrastructure via space systems that are far more compact and efficient than seen ever before. A longer term commitment will be necessary to resolve the challenges of efficient planetary communication due to the increase in distances involved as space exploration ventures further out into the solar system. To support planetary exploration, techniques developed for Earth-bound usage will be transferred to other planets as well. Exploration of Mars, for example, will require a high accuracy positioning capability such as a 'Martian GPS' as an aid to exploratory roving very day, the 'Mars Spirit' space rover continues to send data back to Earth, almost 18 months after it touched down on the red planet, surviving more than 4 times its expected mission length. One day it is highly likely that we may see astronauts walking on Mars carting around wi-fi enabled PCs. In a remote Arizona meteor crater, NASA has already begun testing a mobile wi-fi system that could enable those on a Mars mission to easily deploy wireless data connectivity at a transmission rate of just more than a megabit per second over a 2 square mile area, and then change that coverage area at will through the use of mobile access points, making it entirely feasible to explore different terrain on any given Networks3 developed the technology which NASA has adopted whereby the astronauts could have inter-connectivity via a three node mesh network. They would first establish a base communications station near their spacecraft and then set up an Ethernet connection between that base and a main access point. Then each node in the network would pick up its wireless connectivity from the access is still in its infancy and there is some way to go before astronauts would be strutting their stuff on Mars and communicating wirelessly with one and other and with mission control in this , the Mars Spirit space rover is still sending back images and data from the red planet today, relying heavily on wireless technology to do so. It may appear that these vehicles have been designed solely for the purpose of space exploration but closer scrutiny reveals applications that could also be modified and used on Earth. Unlike, say, a car manufacturing robot which knows where and when the engine or body appears on the assembly line, the Mars rovers are working in an unstructured and unknown environment. As a result, the rovers have had to learn about their new home through their own sensors, including a set of nine cameras on each rover. The rovers have two navigation cameras for a 3D view of their surroundings, two hazard avoidance cameras for a 3D view of nearby terrain and panoramic cameras to capture the images of the planet's surface. However, the rovers cannot just look around them, process the images and know where to go. Neither can the mission controllers on Earth grab a joystick and start steering the rovers whilst watching images being beamed back from thousands of miles away. A key reason is processing power. The central processor in each rover has a top speed of 20 MHz. Instead, during the Martian night, while a rover is 'asleep', a team on Earth with much more powerful computers programs its activities for the day ahead, and then sends basic instructions on where to go and how to get there. Along with taking pictures, each rover is examining the planet with several instruments on a robotic arm. The arms have 'shoulder', 'elbow' and 'wrist' joints for manoeuvrability and are equipped with four sensors: a microscopic camera for close up pictures of rocks, an alpha particle x ray spectrometer for determining the mineral content of rocks, another spectrometer for detecting iron and a rock abrasion tool for cutting through the layer of oxidation that forms on the surfaces of Martian rocks. As with the movement of the rovers, the arms are controlled mostly via prepared commands from mission observers have noted that some of these applications may prove useful here on Earth. For example, a robotic arm that doesn't require real time human control might be good for disabled people who use wheelchairs and can't control a joystick with their hands. Using its own sensors, it could reach out and get things for the person in the wheelchair, for addition, a robot that can deal with new and unknown environments might save manufacturers money. In current factories with 'robotic' workers, when the company shifts to making a new product, the whole factory floor has to be reconfigured and the robots reprogrammed to deal with the new arrangement. A robot that could use feedback from sensors to figure out where things are could adapt to changes by itself, saving the company the time and effort of building a new structured environment and reprogramming the all the emerging technologies around and, inevitably, with more to come, the inevitable hurdle will be one of convergence and integration as the IT industry seeks to develop the tools that will be most sought after. Inevitably, there will be winners and , there is no doubt that the wireless phenomenon is reshaping enterprise connectivity worldwide and is definitely here to stay. Business needs information mobility for better customer interaction. Employees will be even more equipped to perform their job functions from their workplace of choice and, though this sounds like utopia, a societal change from office based to 'wherever they feel like being' based might conjure up an horrific vision of the future for company leaders who have enjoyed the traditions of having all their employees working from under the same major issue has to be one of security. There are many issues when it comes to security over wireless networks. Wireless networks do not follow the rules of traditional wired networks. Many times, the signals are carried far beyond the physical parameters they are meant to be controlled within making it easier to intercept signals and capture will also be the question posed of what happens to the have nots? - Those people and developing countries in particular that don't have the resources to wirelessly interact with others. The same thing could be said about the Internet itself but satellites could alleviate that problem far more quickly than the ability to put broadband connections in every office and home throughout the major hurdle has to be that business and society can only adapt at a certain pace. Technology evolves far more quickly and there may be many a product developed for which the demand is not yet there. But the mobile phone and PC market driven by what the consumer wants will determine what the future of wireless there is no question that wireless communication is here to stay and will grow even of the new wireless technologies abound. Consumers are setting up wireless local area networks (WLANS) in their homes. These allow multiple computers to hook up to one fast internet connection or laptop users to connect from the comfort of their sofa or back garden patio. Away from home, 'Hotspots' that permit wireless connection to the internet are popping up everywhere, in book stores, coffee shops, airports and even pubs. Within the next year, airlines are expected to announce the availability of wi-fi during flights. However, until there is increased competition in the market place, this new epoch will be there for the privileged few as opposed to the mass market who will still be relying solely on their mobile phones for wireless connectivity on the move. It remains to be seen whether the new generation of 3G phones has arrived too late to push aside wi-fi and it's even conceivable that mobile phone companies could one day find themselves obsolete unless they look for new ways to attract and retain issues like security, along with the problems of cost, intrusion on privacy and identifying such things as hotspot locations is not going to hold wireless communication and technology back. In the end, there will always be solutions to problems and wi-fi is no different in this Reed, an adjunct professor at MIT's Media Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts has been studying the future of wireless communications. He draws a comparison with the new wi-fi revolution with that of the 'paperless society' which was often mooted in offices and homes all over the world with the advent of the PC. He said, The market will push us towards a wireless future. People love paper but I can't find a single person who can say that about more wi-fi systems are developed which will, in turn, drive the cost down it will become an increasingly less disruptive way to communicate in the future and it will become very difficult for anything else out there to compete with is used by millions of people every minute. For many people the Internet is a "room" that is situated somewhere behind their computer screens in a cyberspace. Though the Internet exists for about a decade it has become the medium of the new network society. The popular and commercial spreading of the Internet has been exceedingly significant - promoting changes in almost every sphere of human activity and society. From the very beginning of the Internet in 1991, it has completely changed the way firms do business, as well as the way customers buy and use products and services. The Internet gives extra opportunities for marketing. The spreading of the Internet has been so impetuous that it has been the point for well-grounded analysis. The Internet, virtual reality, can or cannot have negative effects on our culture and society? This paper is concentrated on the Internet phenomenon and on the spreading of the Internet culture and its effects on people. The first ideas appeared in the 1950s. In the 1980s, technologies that became the basis of the modern Internet began to spread worldwide. In the 1990s the World Wide Web was used all over the world. The infrastructure of the Internet spread all over the world and the modern world wide network of computers have appeared. It spread amidst the western countries, then came into the developing countries and created a worldwide admittance to communications and data and a digital divide in admittance to this new infrastructure. While studying the amount of Internet users, the Internet had 30 million users on 10 million computers linked to over 240,000 networks in about 100 states. The last figures indicate the fact that International Data Corp values that 40 million people are home web users in the USA in 1999, which consists of 15% of the population. “Le Monde” in 1998 published that 100 million people use the Internet all over the world. Jupiter Communications estimates that active Internet users - 4 to 5 million USA customers - shop regularly on the Internet by 2000, which represents 3% of Internet is a very attractive marketing tool with the possibility to customize pages, as well as new promotional systems, giving firms the possibility of communication and promotion effectively by adapting to consumers’ likings. Interactive traits of the Internet permit asking customers their likings, and then the firm can adapt product offers and promotions to these likings. It provides the effective recruit of new customers. For instance, some car manufacturers ask Internet users for concrete information and in return give potential customers a $1,000 discount coupon or a free CD player coupon. 这里有很多，不知是通讯的具体什么方面，看看这里，找你想要的吧

移动通信专业的毕业论文

通信概论的论文随着计算机技术的广泛普及与计算机远程信息处理应用的发展，数据通信应运而生，它实现了计算机与计算机之间，计算机与终端之间的传递。由于不同业务需求的变化及通信技术的发展使得数据通信经过了不同的发展历程。所谓通信，最简单的理解，也是最基本的理解，就是人与人沟通的方法。无论是现在的电话，还是网络，解决的最基本的问题，实际还是人与人的沟通。现代通信技术，就是随着科技的不断发展，如何采用最新的技术来不断优化通信的各种方式，让人与人的沟通变得更为便捷，有效。这是一门系统的学科，目前炙手可热的3G就是其中的重要课题。通信实际上是由一地向另一地的传送含有信息的消息。通信中所含有的消息。所有不同的形式。例如符号，文字，语言，图像，数据等。因而根据所传送的不同消息的类别，在通信不同的业务中分为电话电报、数据传输及可视电话。数据通信是以“数据”为业务的通信系统，数据是预先约定好的具有某种含义的数字、字母或符号以及它们的组合。数据通信是20世纪50年代随着计算机技术和通信技术的迅速发展，以及两者之间的相互渗透与结合而兴起的一种新的通信方式，它是计算机和通信相结合的产物。随着计算机技术的广泛普及与计算机远程信息处理应用的发展，数据通信应运而生，它实现了计算机与计算机之间，计算机与终端之间的传递。由于不同业务需求的变化及通信技术的发展使得数据通信经过了不同的发展历程。通信技术专业是通信技术、电子技术与计算机应用技术相结合的复合型专业。培养具有适应社会主义现代化建设需要的德、智、体、美全面发展，掌握通信系统领域所涉及的通信技术、电子技术、计算机应用技术等方面的必备理论知识，专业技能强，适应面广，基本素质好，能够实际操作检测、维护管理通信设备及系统正常运行的应用型高等技术人才。适应生产、建设、管理、服务第一线需要的德、智、体等方面全面发展的高等技术应用型专门人才，毕业生是掌握通信工程中的基本理论和技术的应用型、具有通信系统的运行维护与管理能力，通信设备的安装、调试和故障排除能力，通信工程施工组织与管理能力的第一线的技术应用性人才。能熟练掌握通信设备及相关设备的维护应用、安装、调试和维修人员。主要面向通信和电子、信息等行业的运营商、生产型企业从事通信设备、电子设备、系统和网络的研究、设计、开发、运营和技术管理以及通信设备的营销、装配、调试、维修和检验等技术工作。对于通信技术专业有计算机网络基础、电路基础、通信系统原理、交换技术、无线技术、计算机通信网、通信电子线路、数字电子技术、光纤通信等。现代通信重要的移动通信，对于我们了解非常重要，因此我对移动通信有以下认识。学习的主要知识：通信网基础、程控交换技术、CDMA 移动通信原理、GSM插秧机原理与维修、电话机、传真机原理与维修、光纤通信原理与设备、基站设备（天线）、移动智能网培养从事移动通信运营和移动通信制造行业的应用型高级技术人才和管理人才。毕业生能够掌握移动通信技术的基础理论和专业技能，能够从事通信技术安装、调试、设备管理与维护以及移动通信相关产品、检修、测试、营销。随着通信技术应用日趋广泛，移动通信必将深入现代社会的各个层次，移动信息技术的应用将是一个广阔的市场。本专业面向新一代移动通信技术及应用开发平台，培养具备从事移动通信行业相关管理、维护、应用及开发的专业技术人才。目前，我国已经形成比较完整的光纤通信产业体系，涵盖了光纤、光传输设备、光源与探测器件、光模块器件等领域。中国光通信市场近年来的快速发展与FTTX建设密不可分，中国FTTX市场正在如火如荼地成长，中国电信、中国联通合中国移动等三大运营商均相继启动大规模铺设部署，除此之外，进入2010年，三网融合也被提上国家议事日程，广电系双向改造合NGB网络又为设备商合器件商提供了新的商机，中国光通信产业面临前所未有的发展机遇。近10年来，我国在移动通信领域的科研、设备生产等方面也取得了可喜的进步。国产移动通信设备一交换系统、基站和手机等都已经投入生产，并陆续投放市场，第三代移动通信系统的开发和研究也正与世界同步。可见，中国无线通信在运营业与制造业上已取得了第一阶段的成功。现代通信--网络作为快捷的通讯方式，越来越让人接受。像邮箱，只要轻点鼠标，几秒钟之内好友就会收到你发的邮件。又如像QQ、MSN这些聊天工具，也被人接受，同时存在因为以需礼数字传递为基础造成这种传递方式漏洞百出越高新越容易信息崩溃，即使常备份也抵不住数据外溢黑客攻击，同时因为其传递速度快捷也容易使错误的不安分的信息快速传播。现在一般所指的通信，指的是电通信也就是由电来传输信息的通信。现代通信技术，一般是指电信，国际上称为远程通信。 随着电信业务从以话音为主向以数据为主转移，交换技术也相应地从传统的电路交换技术逐步转向给予分株的数据交换和宽带交换，以及适应下一代网络基于IP的业务综合特点的软交换方向发展。 信息传输技术主要包括光纤通信，数字微波通信，卫星通信，移动通信以及图像通信。纵观通信的发展分为以下三个阶段：第一阶段是语言和文字通信阶段。在这一阶段，通信方式简单，内容单一。第二阶段是电通信阶段。第三阶段是电子信息通信阶段。从总体上看，通信技术实际上就是通信系统和通信网的技术。通信系统是指点对点通所需的全部设施，而通信网是由许多通信系统组成的多点之间能相互通信的全部设施。而现代的主要通信技术有数字通信技术，程控交换技术，信息传输技术，通信网络技术，数据通信与数据网，ISDN与ATM技术，宽带IP技术，接入网与接入技术。纵观通信技术的发展，虽然只有短短的一百多年的历史，却发生了翻天覆地的变化，由当初的人工转接到后来的电路转接，以及到现在的程控交换和分组交换，还有可以作为未来分组化核心网用的ATM交换机，IP路由器；由当初只是单一的固定电话到现在的卫星电话，移动电话，IP电话等等，以及由通信和计算机结合的各种其他业务，第三代通信技术的即将上市，以及以后的第四代通信，随着通信技术的发展，人类社会已经逐渐步入信息化的社会。

毕业设计(论文)OFDM通信系统...创思通信毕业设计论文参考.doc

本科 助理工程师） 摘 要：在移动通信系统中，切换已被作为一种关键的技术广泛应用。本文论述了硬切换、软切换和接力切换的原理、过程及优缺点，并结合这三种主流的切换技术在GSM、CDMA和TD-SCDMA系统中的应用做了比较，并对三种切换技术的优劣做了总结。 关键词：移动通信系统； 切换 ；硬切换 ；软切换 ；接力切换。 切换是指移动用户在通话过程中,从一个基站覆盖区移动到另一个基站覆盖区时,或由于受到外界的干扰或其他原因致使通信质量下降时,使用中的话音信道就会自动发出一个请求转换信道的信号,通知移动通信业务交换中心,请求转换到另一个覆盖区基站的信道上去,或是转换到另一条接收质量较好的信道上,以保证移动用户能够正常通信。 一、硬切换 硬切换是在不同频率的基站或覆盖小区之间的切换。这种切换是移动终端在切换状态时，先暂时断开通话,并自动向新的频率调谐,与新的基站接上联系,建立新的信道,从而完成切换的过程。 简单来说，硬切换的特点就是“先断开、后切换”,切换的过程中约有200毫秒时间的短暂中断。因为原基站和移动到的新基站的电波频率不同,移动终端在与原基站的联系信道切断后,往往不能马上建立新基站的新信道,这时就出现一个短暂的通话中断时间。它对通话质量有影响。 硬切换一般采取辅助切换方式，即由移动台监测判决，由交换中心控制完成，在切换过程中基站和移动台均参与切换过程。其切换过程如下： 移动台在通话过程中，不断地向所在小区的基站报告小区和相邻小区基站的无线电环境参数。本小区基站依据所接收的该移动用户无线电环境参数来判断是否应该进行切换。当满足切换条件时，基站便向移动台发出切换请求，同时将切换请示信道传送给MSC，MSC立即判断此新基站位置码是否属于本MSC辖区。此时有两种情况：若MSC确认新基站是属于本MSC辖区的基站，则通知VLR为其寻找一个空闲信道（最佳或次最佳替换信道），然后将所找的信道及IMSI经过本区的基站发送给移动台，移动台依据信道号的频率值将工作频率切换到新的频率点上，并进行环路核准，核准信息经MSC核准后，MSC通知基站释放原信道。若MSC发现新基站是属于非本MSC辖区的基站，MSC就将切换请求转送给新MSC，再由新MSC通知它的VLR为其寻找一个空闲信道，然后将找到的基站信道号及IMSI传送给原MSC，并经由原基站发送给移动台，然后进行移动台的核准和基站的释放过程。 二、软切换 软切换是发生在同一频率的两个不同基站之间的切换。所谓软切换,就是在移动终端进入切换过程时,与原基站和新基站都有信道保持着联系,一直到移动终端进入新基站覆盖区并测出与新基站之间的传输质量已经达到指标要求时,才把与原基站之间的联系信道切断。 简单地说,软切换的特点是“先切换、后断开”。这种切换方式是在与新基站建立联系信道后,才断开与原基站的联系信道,因此在切换过程中没有中断的问题,对通信质量没有影响。软切换可以是同一基站控制器下的不同基站或不同基站控制器下不同基站之间发生的切换。 软切换也是移动台辅助的切换。在进行软切换时，移动台首先搜索所有导频并测量它们的强度。移动台合并计算导频的所有多径分量(最多K个)的Ec/Io(一个比特的能量Ec与接收总频谱密度--噪声加信号--Io的比值)作为该导频的强度，K是移动台所能提供的解调单元数。当该导频强度Ec/Io大于一个特定值T_ADD时，移动台认为此导频的强度已经足够大，能够对其进行正确解调，但尚未与该导频对应的基站相联系时，它就向原基站发送一条导频强度测量消息，以通知原基站这种情况，原基站再将移动的报告送往移动交换中心，移动交换中心则让新的基站安排一个前向业务信道给移动台，并且原基站发送一条消息指示移动台开始切换。 当收到来自基站的切换指示消息后，移动台将新基站的导频纳入有效导频集，开始对新基站和原基站的前向业务信道同时进行解调。之后，移动台会向基站发送一条切换完成消息，通知基站自己已经根据命令开始对两个基站同时解调了。 接下来，随着移动台的移动，可能两个基站中某一方的导频强度已经低于某一特定值T_DROP，这时移动台启动切换去掉计时器(移动台对在有效导频集和候选导频集里的每一个导频都有一个切换去掉计时器，当与之相对应的导频强度比特定值D小时，计时器启动)。当该切换去掉计时器T期满时(在此期间，其导频强度应始终低于D)，移动台发送导频强度测量消息。两个基站接收到导频强度测量消息后，将此信息送至MSC(移动交换中心)，MSC再返回相应切换指示消息，然后基站发切换指示消息给移动台，移动台将切换去掉计时器到期的导频将其从有效导频集中去掉，此时移动台只与目前有效导频集内的导频所代表的基站保持通信，同时会发一条切换完成消息告诉基站，表示切换已经完成。 在目前商用的CDMA系统中，所用的切换技术都是软切换。由于软切换是在频率相同的基站之间进行的,因此当移动终端移动到多个基站覆盖区交界处时,移动终端将同时和多个基站保持联系,起了业务信道分集的作用,加强了抗衰落的能力,因而不可能产生“掉话”。即使当移动终端进入了切换区而一时不能得到新基站的链路时,也进入了等待切换的队列,从而减少了系统的阻塞率。因此也可以说,软切换是实现了“无缝”的切换。 三、接力切换 接力切换是介于硬切换和软切换之间的一种新的切换技术。其原理是在切换测量期间，使用上行预同步的技术，提前获取切换后的上行信道发送时间、功率信息，从而达到减少切换时间，提高切换成功率、降低切换掉话率的目的。在切换过程中，移动终端从源小区接收下行数据，向目标小区发送上行数据，即上下行通信链路先后转移到目标小区，这个过程就像是田径比赛中的接力赛一样，因而形象地称之为“接力切换”。 接力切换有三个基本过程，即测量过程、判决过程和执行过程。 （一）接力切换的测量过程 接力切换与硬切换的测量过程和要求是相同的，即需要终端进行信号强度、质量和符合切换条件的相邻小区的同步时间参数进行测量、计算和保存，因此接力切换并不需要额外增加新的测量参数，不会给终端设备带来更多的负担。 移动台需要计算和保存的参数为：本小区与邻近小区引导信道的功率差△P和来自各邻近小区基站的信号与来自本小区基站信号的时延差△t。 这就是接力切换的上行预同步及保持过程。可见，上行预同步及保持过程并不是一个单独的时间过程，也不需要特别的控制或信令过程，而是在测量过程中同时进行的。 测量过程中一旦发现本小区和邻小区的导频强度、信号质量等满足一定条件，则通过测量上报触发切换判决过程。移动台的测量上报可以是周期性地进行，也可以由事件触发进行测量 （二）接力切换的判决过程 接力切换的判决过程由RNC完成。RNC收到移动台的测量结果报告后，按照一定的判决准则（例如基于接收信号强度的判决准则）形成目标小区列表，然后通过接纳判决算法等流程确定要切换的目标小区，最后发出切换命令(例如物理信道重配置命令)。 接力切换的判决过程与传统的切换判决准则基本相同。判决准则可以利用现有切换技术中的各种准则，同时可以结合TD-SCDMA系统特有的智能天线定位技术对目标小区列表进行优化，从而提高切换的成功率。 （三）接力切换的执行过程 移动台要切换的目标小区确定后，RNC在发出切换命令之前，还应当对目标小区发送无线链路建立请求。当RNC收到目标小区的无线链路建立完成消息之后，将向原小区和目标小区同时发送业务数据承载，同时RNC向移动台发送切换命令。此命令应附上的在目标小区建立通信需要的各项基本数据，具体包括：小区ID；载波频率；标称每码道的发射功率及此业务所需的接收电平；接收和发射的Midamble及偏移。 移动台接收到接力切换命令后，继续在原小区的下行链路接收业务数据和信令，同时，利用事先获取的本小区和邻小区之间的功率差值△P和时间差值△t，通过开环同步和开环功率控制，在目标小区发射上行的承载业务和信令。此分别收发的过程持续一段时间后，将接收来自目标小区的下行数据，实现闭环功率和同步控制，中断和原小区的通信，完成切换过程。 在切换命令发出后，如RNC收到来自移动台的切换成功消息，则删除原小区的通信链路；如果RNC收到来自移动台的切换失败消息，则删除目标小区新建的通信链路。如果由于特殊原因（比如终端突然掉电或进入深衰落地区），网络端没有收到终端的任何信息，则RNC将主动回收为该终端配置的所有信道资源。 在接力切换的过程中，同频小区之间的两个小区的基站都将接收同一个终端的信号，并对其定位，将确定可能切换区域的定位结果向基站控制器报告，完成向目标基站的切换，克服了“软切换”浪费信道资源的缺点。 四、三种技术优劣比较 接力切换与硬切换相比，两者都具有较高的资源利用率、较为简单算法以及系统相对较轻的信令负荷等优点，它们的不同之处在于接力切换断开原基站和与目标基站建立通信链路时其上下行链路是分别进行的，因而克服了传统硬切换掉话率较高、切换成功率较低的缺点。 接力切换与软切换相比，两者都具有较高的切换成功率和较低的掉话率等优点，它们的不同之处在于接力切换并不需要一个移动终端长时间与多个基站保持链路，因而克服了软切换需要占用的信道资源较多、信令复杂导致系统负荷加重、下行链路干扰提高等缺点。

研究生通信论文

不难，导师有课题的话给你一个就行，或者在实验室师兄师姐的论文基础上进一步研究，也可以是自己最擅长的一方面，比如你在这一方面发表了几篇sci、ei、或核心期刊了，这样对你的大论文有很好的支撑作用，就是啥都没有也没关系，现在文件上说的很严，实际操作起来比较简单

区别是：论文字数、研究深度、送审难度等等都有要求。字数是不低于3万字，这是对学术性硕士的最低要求。博士论文一般起步的字数是10万字，博士的就开题报告一项的字数可能就有3万多。

通信论文英语

一般英文谷歌学术，中文知网。

移动通信作为一个科技密集型和知识密集型的高新技术产业，在现代市场经济条件下，在竞争空间日趋激烈和社会信息化发展趋势下，必须十分重视市场营销管理，重视市场营销管理体系建设。要充分根据市场需求的现状与趋势，制定计划，合理有效配置资源。通过有效地满足市场需求，来赢得竞争优势，在加快市场营销步伐的同时，努力建立和完善移动通信市场营销管理体系，以不断适应新的发展形势需要。1目前国内移动通信市场营销管理的现状“市场部”这个词走进国内企业还是近几年的事，目前移动通信企业内部所设置的营销部、分销处、运营部、销售部、以及市场管理部等都是市场部的涵盖范围。从分营后的中国移动通信、中国联通、上海光大、电信长城等具有运营资格的运营商来看，中国移动通信市场营销做的比较大，在原先营业厅基础上，又发展了商场、专卖店、量贩等销售形式，给人一种规模和实力的感觉，然而市场知名度高，但市场品牌忠诚度低；中国联通起步晚，但市场经济条件下没有迟到的经营者，只有善于经营的赢家，中国联通采取分销商网络营销的思路引起业内效仿，但诸多不完善的环节也时常引起消费者反应；其它几家运营商尽管营销思路很前卫，但是制约其市场开发的因素较多，市场反应冷淡。可以说，目前移动通信企业市场营销管理是各行其道，短期行为太多，缺乏长远统一的规划。从行业整个市场来看，我国移动通信企业尚未真正掌握专业营销知识和操作技能，就其对市场的态度和行为而言，移动通信企业还处于为完成短期销售目标而采用广告、公关、有奖销售等促销手段为主的促销导向型阶段，尚未达到市场营销导向型阶段。当然，其中原因也有我国通信行业长期处于垄断阶段的因素，广大从业者没有市场危机感。没有市场危机感就不会产生市场营销紧迫感，对市场营销管理的认识和努力只是在竞争机制下才有所转变。就移动通信行业进入市场经济状态的时间和目前市场供需关系的状况看，从业者的观念和认识的迅速提高要靠调查、分析、预测、营销企划等方式来引导、开拓、扩大和满足广大消费者对其服务的需求来完成，进而达到企业整体长远的营销目标的实现，尽管尚须时日，但这是市场营销的需求和必然发展趋势。从市场发展规律来看，卖方市场到买方市场的转变往往是在市场开始竞争之时，对竞争日渐激烈的移动通信业而言，具有前瞻性目光的人士早已看到，初露端倪的买方市场正在形成。如何适应市场、创造市场，是移动通信企业面临的带有战略性的问题。移动通信商们应该清醒认识到，拥有目前的市场并不完全意味着必然占有市场，还必须依靠行之有效的方式去进行市场拓展，发展市场，创造市场，这个行之有效的方式就是建立和完善企业的市场营销管理体系。2市场营销管理体系的组成和细分从事过营销的人都知识，市场营销的表现是市场管理，市场营销管理的实质是需求管理。企业在开展市场营销的过程中，一般要设定一个在目标市场上预期要实现的交易水平。然而，实际需求水平可能低于、等于、或高于这个预期的需求水平，换言之，在目标市场上，可能没有需求、需求很小或超量需求，市场营销管理就是要对付这些不同的需求，市场营销管理体系就是要对市场营销管理进行科学有效组合。根据移动通信行业自身特点以及市场的发展情况来看，移动通信市场营销管理体系应包括五个方面：(1)市场需求管理；(2)市场营销网络管理；(3)市场推动管理；(4)市场营销环境管理；(5)市场营销组织管理。这个市场营销管理体系就是通过创造建立和保持与目标市场之间的有益交换和联系，以实现移动通信企业的各种目标并进行分析、计划、执行和控制的市场营销指挥系统，可以说，这个系统不仅是定价、分销、促销等单一活动的职能行使，而是一个目标市场运作的中枢神经系统，通过这个系统，企业不断观察市场，发现和评估各种变化因素，然后反馈企业，作为企业制定新战略和行动计划的基础，然后运用新的修正过的行动来消除阻碍目标实现的因素，并观察评价客户和竞争对此作出的反应，然后再反馈到企业使企业再次形成新的战略修正方案推向市场，这样形成良性循环，以达到不断适应市场，创造市场的目的。就移动通信市场营销管理体系的五个组成部分而言，既有机地结合，又独立工作，每一部分又包涵着丰富的细分内容。市场营销需求管理细分我们知道，市场营销管理的实质是需求管理。根据市场需求水平、时间和性质不同，市场需求一般有八种不同状况：(1)负需求；(2)无需求；(3)潜伏需求；(4)下降需求；(5)不规则需求；(6)充分需求；(7)过量需求；(8)有害需求。从市场的组成要素人口、购买力、购买欲望来看，目前移动通信市场需求状况基本处于充分需求和潜伏需求的阶段，是市场开拓者应好好把握的大好时机。市场营销需求管理就是要对市场的需求状况进行有效管理，充分做好市场调查研究，深入市场，广泛了解客户、顾客、分销商、供应商以及广告反应、行业信息、营销网络、促销效果等有关业内的综合情况，广泛搜集市场信息，摸准市场的变化，找准潜在市场及市场盲区和死角，做出详尽属实的市场调研分析报告，以便企业的企划者以此制定市场营销企划方案，制定新业务计划。可以说，市场营销需求管理是企业营销工作的一双眼睛。一般来说，市场营销需求管理包括目标市场分析和市场目标分析两个方面。(1)目标市场影响移动通信目标市场的因素较多，从市场定位、营销策略、促销政策、广告方式、产品价格、产品包装及外形到技术先进程度、购买形式、服务态度、营销网络建设、售后服务等方面都要认真考虑。目标市场变化不断，移动通信运营商也要依据市场的变化不断变化营销管理思路。从手机市场上我们可以看到，手机从当初的组织消费购买到如今的私人消费购买为主，目标市场的变化也引起供应商的努力，摩托罗拉从当初以行政机关领导为主到现在形色多样的各种层次手机，正是目标市场使然。移动通信商要在研究目前目标市场的综合情况时，不断把目光投向市场的新变化，进行市场细分与目标市场新选择，准确把握和预测市场需求的发展动态，才能做到有的放矢。(2)市场目标那些收入稳定、有一定的经济实力和地位的人群，固然是市场目标，但这些人早已是手机的拥有者，移动通信商关注的是新增长的消费层和高消费层新的消费变化。市场永远在变化，所有稳定都是暂时的，移动通信市场也不例外。不同的消费者有不同的变化，从行政机关公务员、企业老板到小业主、企业白领阶层、打工仔，不同年龄不同性别，需求不同，变化也不同，兴趣爱好各异，审美观点有别，需要市场开拓者仔细研究，区别对待，进行准确市场定位。这一点我们从外企的情况可以看出，摩托罗拉手机以厚重大方为主，为行政机关人员和高级管理者所看重；诺基亚以专业公司著称，倡导科技以人为本，平均不到一周时间推出新款，其先进的形象对新潮时尚人士和高级知识分子具有较强吸引力，而在全国各大媒体统一推出的《专业、全面、关怀》系列宣传篇，更是把诺基亚推向大众化市场；爱立信则以灵巧方便为高级商务人士所青睐；飞利浦更是以外形美观色彩明快吸引着广大青年消费者。我国的科键、波导、康佳则以工薪阶Mobile communications as a technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive high-tech industries, in a modern market economy, the space in the increasingly fierce competition and social development trend of information technology, we must attach great importance to marketing management, attention to marketing management system. To fully meet market demand the status and trends, planning, rational and efficient allocation of resources. To effectively meet the market demand, to gain a competitive advantage in accelerating the pace of marketing at the same time, efforts to establish and improve mobile communications marketing management system to continuously adapt to the new development of the situation. 1 domestic mobile communications marketing management status "Market" or words into the domestic enterprises in recent years, the current mobile communication enterprises set up by the marketing, distribution, the Ministry of operations, sales and market management, and so are the Department of the Ministry of the coverage of the market . From the camp after China Mobile, China Unicom, the Shanghai Everbright, telecommunications operators, such as the Great Wall of qualified operators, China Mobile Marketing to do more, in the original business on the basis of the Office and the development of shopping malls, Stores, hypermarkets and other forms of sales, gives people a sense of size and strength, but the market well-known, but the market is low brand loyalty; China Unicom late start, but not under market economy conditions late for the operators, only good at business The winner, China Unicom network marketing distributors to take the ideas from the industry to follow, but many imperfections often caused part of the response of consumers; several other carriers despite the very avant-garde marketing ideas, but restricted their market development than the factors , The market cold. It can be said that the current mobile communication business marketing management is Gexingqidao, too much short-term, long-term lack of unified planning. From the industry look at the entire market, China's mobile communication business has yet to truly master professional knowledge and operating skills marketing, on his attitude and behaviour of the market, the mobile telecommunications sector is still in the short-term sales target for the completion of using advertising, public relations, sales crossword , And other promotions based marketing-oriented stage, have not yet reached the market-oriented marketing stage. Of course, the reasons for China's communications industry has a monopoly stage of the long-term factors, the majority of market practitioners no sense of crisis. No market will not have a sense of crisis on the marketing sense of urgency, the market knowledge and marketing management efforts in the mechanism of competition only if they changed. On the mobile communications industry into the market economy status of the time and the market supply and demand situation, the practitioners of the concept and awareness of the rapid increase to rely on investigation, analysis, forecasts, marketing and other ways to guide the planning, development, to expand and meet the majority of consumer To demand for its services to complete, thereby achieve their overall long-term goal of marketing, despite the need to be given time, but this is the marketing needs and inevitable trend. From the development of the market, a seller's market to a buyer's market is often the changes in the market when the competition began, the increasingly fierce competition in the mobile communications industry, are forward-looking vision of people already see emerging is a buyer's market Formation. How to adapt to the market and create markets, is facing the mobile communications companies with strategic issues. Mobile communications have to be clearly recognized that the current market has not fully occupy the market will inevitably mean that, we must rely on effective ways to conduct market development, market development, market creation, the effective ways is to build and Improve enterprise marketing management system. 2 marketing management system and the breakdown of the composition Engaged in the marketing people have the knowledge, marketing is the performance of market management, marketing management, in essence, is demand management. In carrying out marketing enterprises in the process, to set a general target market in order to achieve the expected level of transactions. However, the level may be lower than actual demand, equal to or higher than the expected level of demand, in other words, the target market, may not demand, needs little or excessive demand, marketing management is to deal with these different needs, Marketing Management System is to the marketing management of scientific and effective combinations. According to the mobile telecommunications sector of its own characteristics and the development of the market situation, mobile communications marketing management system should include five areas: (1) market demand management, (2) marketing network management, (3) market-driven management, (4 ) Marketing environment management, (5) marketing organization and management. The marketing management system is established and maintained through the creation of target markets and between the exchange and useful links, mobile communication enterprises in order to achieve the objectives and analysis, planning, implementation and control of the marketing chain of command, it can be said that this System is not only pricing, distribution, marketing and other activities of the functions of a single exercise, but a target market operation of the central nervous system, through this system, enterprises have continuously observe the market, the detection and assessment of the changes, and then feedback enterprises, as enterprises develop New strategies and action plans based on, and then use the new revised action to eliminate obstacles to achieve the objectives, and to observe and evaluate customer response to this competition, and then back to the enterprises so that enterprises once again to form a new strategic programme that Into the market, such a virtuous circle, constantly adapting to the market to achieve, the purpose of creating the market. Marketing on the mobile communication management system of five components, the combination of both, working independently, each part also includes a breakdown of rich content. marketing demand management breakdown We know that marketing management is the essence of demand management. According to market demand, time and a different nature, the general market demand has eight different conditions: (1) negative demand (2) No demand, (3) latent demand (4) decreased demand (5) irregular demand; (6) the full demand (7) excessive demand (8) harmful demand. From the constituent elements of the market, purchasing power, the desire to purchase, the current mobile communication market demand situation is basically in full demand and potential demand for the stage, the market should take full advantage of the pioneers of opportunity. Marketing is to manage demand in the market demand for effective management, to make full market research studies, in-depth market, broad knowledge of clients, customers, distributors, suppliers and advertising response, industry information, marketing network, promotional effects On the comprehensive situation of the industry, extensive collection of market information, Mozhun market changes, and identify potential markets and market blind spots and dead ends, make a detailed analysis of the case of market research reports in order to enterprises are planning to develop marketing planning programme, The development of new business plan. It can be said that marketing needs of enterprise marketing management is the work of the pair of eyes. In general, marketing demand management, including the target market analysis and objective analysis of two aspects of the market. (1) target market Impact of mobile communications market factors more objective, market positioning, marketing strategy, promotion policies, advertising, product prices, product packaging and appearance to the advanced level of technology, purchase forms, service and marketing network construction, service and other aspects To seriously consider. Target market changes constantly, mobile communication operators to market changes based on the changing marketing and management ideas. From the phone on the market, we can see that the phone from the original purchase of consumer organizations to today's mainly the purchase of private consumption, the target market also caused changes in the supplier's efforts, Motorola from the original mainly in the executive leadership to diverse now Xingse Various levels of mobile phones, the result is the target market. Mobile communications have to study the current target market in the comprehensive situation, keep eyes on the new changes in the market, market segmentation and target market of new options, accurate grasp of market demand and projected developments can be targeted. (2) target market Those who are stable, have a certain economic strength and status of the crowd, of course, is the target market, but these people have long been the owner of a mobile phone, mobile communications are concerned that the new growth of consumption and high consumption of the new changes in consumption. The market will never change, and stability are all temporary, mobile communications market is no exception. Different consumers have different changes, from the administrative organs of civil servants, owners of small business owners, corporate white-collar class, wage earners and age groups of different sex, different needs, different changes, different hobbies, aesthetic views are different, the needs of the market Portland careful study and treat them differently, accurate market positioning. This is the situation we can see that foreign invested enterprises, Motorola mobile phones mainly to heavy generous, for the executive officers and senior managers by value; Nokia to a professional company, science and technology to promote people-centered, less than a week the average time a new , Of its advanced image of the futuristic and intellectuals have strong appeal, and the reunification of the country the major media's "professional, comprehensive and caring" series of promotional articles, Geng Shiba popular Nokia push the market; love Ericsson while ingenious convenient for senior business people favor; Philips is a more attractive appearance bright colors to attract a large number of young consumers. China's key Branch, Bird, Konka while working order

蓝牙技术允许信息存储在手机上可以显示在电视上，也可以变换分析的信息，以便在电脑上听声。 蓝牙技术的传输速率设计到1MHz。实现全双工通信的时间的协议是区为基础的电路交换和分组交换的组合。 通过无线芯片接收器与蓝牙技术的电子产品能够在十公尺，可连接传输速度可以达到每秒1万亿字节。 蓝牙技术是一种新的无线传输，在1998年推出。它实际上取代数据电缆的短距离无线通信技术，通过实现低带宽的点至点广播，或点对多点链路之间的信息交流。 点，以点传输，无线红外传输是一种，它是必要的，在准确的方向，而不是很远的地方。如果在中间有障碍物时，它不能穿过墙壁，且无法控制信息传输的速度。

1Wireless technology was little more than just a distant idea for the majority of ordinary consumers ten years ago. However, it has exploded over recent years with the use of 3G phones and wireless home computing increasingly would be foolish to suggest that wireless communication has reached its peak. Whilst mobile phones and home computing will continue to be the major focus in the quest for ever increasing sophistication within the technology, new applications are emerging company, Securecom Technologies, based in Ireland, have been at the forefront of harnessing wireless technologies in the area of personal safety. They already have a number of products in the marketplace designed to enable users to activate an alarm signal to a remote emergency centre wirelessly. Their Benefon range of applications are used by vulnerable elderly people, lone workers and VIPs to increase their sense of security and ability to effortlessly get in touch with help at the touch of the are now in the process of developing PERUSE1, which stands for 'Personal Safety System Utilising Satellite combined with Emerging Technologies'. The Peruse project will develop a Wireless Personal Alarm (WPA) solution which will be carried by or worn on a person and will allow the user to summon help at the touch of a button. When the alarm has been activated, the WPA will transmit a low power signal to a satellite communications headset which will forward a message to an authorised number. This will include the identity of the person in distress, as well as their current location. However, the ingenuity of the technology goes further as it will also have the potential to transmit the user's current state of health and local environmental is envisaged that the recipient of the users SOS signal will be a fully equipped Emergency Monitoring Centre to whom the user will have previously given full instructions as to the steps they would wish to have the Centre take on their behalf in the event of an are two core components that are in the development phase. The wireless personal alarm (WPA) and a 'dongle' which provides the handset for satellite communication use which will have a low power wireless link to the important issues here are that the two components will need to take into account size, cost, accuracy of location and battery autonomy. The main benefits will be that the device will be able to be worn or carried on a person discreetly. This makes it ideal for professions such as personal security, where the ability to communicate a message quickly and without fuss can often be of paramount importance. It will herald a new era in satellite communication. No longer will the user have to tap a keypad to enter a number nor will they have to move the handset for optimal signal strength prior to sending an emergence message. This technology will be invaluable to professions such as mountain rescue and will also be a tremendous benefit to those who enjoy hiking and climbing in the course of their leisure pursuits where conventional mobile phone technology can often be rendered are currently no known competitors for this potentially life saving technology for which Securecom has filed for both Irish and European Patent Applications. Prototypes have already been manufactured and pilot programmes and laboratory tests are well under (Ultra Wide Band)2 is another example of emerging wireless technology. Alongside traditional wireless uses, UWB can also detect images through solid objects, such as people on the opposite side of a wall. This has led to an equal number of supporters and UWB can be used for consumer applications in a similar fashion to Bluetooth technology such as cable elimination between a PC and its peripheral equipment, the more interesting applications focus on its 'radar 'like imagery. These applications could be used to find people trapped in a burning building, locating hostages and captors behind a thick wall and finding objects such as those that might be buried in the ground. Heightened security at airports and other public buildings can use UWB technology to detect weapons on people and bombs in luggage and packages. In this age of heightened security, post 9/11, the benefits of this emerging technology should not be few companies have started to develop UWB products, including XtremeSpectrum, Time Domain and Aether Wire. XtremeSpectrum is developing products to enable the sending and receiving of multiple streams of digital audio and video for both battery powered and other consumer devices such as digital cameras, DVDs, DVRs, camcorders, MP3 players and set top boxes. Time Domain has developed a UWB chip set targeting three core technologies: wireless communication, precision location and tracking, and high definition portable radar whilst Aether Wire is working on miniature, distributed-position location and low data-rate communication devices. One of its goals is to develop coin sized devices that are capable of localisation to centimetre accuracy over kilometre , privacy violation is one of the major concerns of the technology's opponents. Any technology that can 'see' through solid objects can be used for illegal purposes as well as legitimate ones. In theory, a UWB-enabled system could 'look through' the walls of a house to locate valuable objects and could detect when the occupants are not at home. Supporters, however, could rightly point out that this is a dilemma shared by many technologies that are used to enhance public safety - the juggling act between increased security versus decreased personal freedom. It could be argued that baggage searches at airports via x-ray and metal detection are common examples of us giving up privacy for better security, a price most people are willing to other area is more at the forefront of the emergence of innovation in wireless technology than space exploration. Future missions to nearby planets like Mars will require space communication technologies that can provide an interplanetary satellite and navigation infrastructure via space systems that are far more compact and efficient than seen ever before. A longer term commitment will be necessary to resolve the challenges of efficient planetary communication due to the increase in distances involved as space exploration ventures further out into the solar system. To support planetary exploration, techniques developed for Earth-bound usage will be transferred to other planets as well. Exploration of Mars, for example, will require a high accuracy positioning capability such as a 'Martian GPS' as an aid to exploratory roving very day, the 'Mars Spirit' space rover continues to send data back to Earth, almost 18 months after it touched down on the red planet, surviving more than 4 times its expected mission length. One day it is highly likely that we may see astronauts walking on Mars carting around wi-fi enabled PCs. In a remote Arizona meteor crater, NASA has already begun testing a mobile wi-fi system that could enable those on a Mars mission to easily deploy wireless data connectivity at a transmission rate of just more than a megabit per second over a 2 square mile area, and then change that coverage area at will through the use of mobile access points, making it entirely feasible to explore different terrain on any given Networks3 developed the technology which NASA has adopted whereby the astronauts could have inter-connectivity via a three node mesh network. They would first establish a base communications station near their spacecraft and then set up an Ethernet connection between that base and a main access point. Then each node in the network would pick up its wireless connectivity from the access is still in its infancy and there is some way to go before astronauts would be strutting their stuff on Mars and communicating wirelessly with one and other and with mission control in this , the Mars Spirit space rover is still sending back images and data from the red planet today, relying heavily on wireless technology to do so. It may appear that these vehicles have been designed solely for the purpose of space exploration but closer scrutiny reveals applications that could also be modified and used on Earth. Unlike, say, a car manufacturing robot which knows where and when the engine or body appears on the assembly line, the Mars rovers are working in an unstructured and unknown environment. As a result, the rovers have had to learn about their new home through their own sensors, including a set of nine cameras on each rover. The rovers have two navigation cameras for a 3D view of their surroundings, two hazard avoidance cameras for a 3D view of nearby terrain and panoramic cameras to capture the images of the planet's surface. However, the rovers cannot just look around them, process the images and know where to go. Neither can the mission controllers on Earth grab a joystick and start steering the rovers whilst watching images being beamed back from thousands of miles away. A key reason is processing power. The central processor in each rover has a top speed of 20 MHz. Instead, during the Martian night, while a rover is 'asleep', a team on Earth with much more powerful computers programs its activities for the day ahead, and then sends basic instructions on where to go and how to get there. Along with taking pictures, each rover is examining the planet with several instruments on a robotic arm. The arms have 'shoulder', 'elbow' and 'wrist' joints for manoeuvrability and are equipped with four sensors: a microscopic camera for close up pictures of rocks, an alpha particle x ray spectrometer for determining the mineral content of rocks, another spectrometer for detecting iron and a rock abrasion tool for cutting through the layer of oxidation that forms on the surfaces of Martian rocks. As with the movement of the rovers, the arms are controlled mostly via prepared commands from mission observers have noted that some of these applications may prove useful here on Earth. For example, a robotic arm that doesn't require real time human control might be good for disabled people who use wheelchairs and can't control a joystick with their hands. Using its own sensors, it could reach out and get things for the person in the wheelchair, for addition, a robot that can deal with new and unknown environments might save manufacturers money. In current factories with 'robotic' workers, when the company shifts to making a new product, the whole factory floor has to be reconfigured and the robots reprogrammed to deal with the new arrangement. A robot that could use feedback from sensors to figure out where things are could adapt to changes by itself, saving the company the time and effort of building a new structured environment and reprogramming the all the emerging technologies around and, inevitably, with more to come, the inevitable hurdle will be one of convergence and integration as the IT industry seeks to develop the tools that will be most sought after. Inevitably, there will be winners and , there is no doubt that the wireless phenomenon is reshaping enterprise connectivity worldwide and is definitely here to stay. Business needs information mobility for better customer interaction. Employees will be even more equipped to perform their job functions from their workplace of choice and, though this sounds like utopia, a societal change from office based to 'wherever they feel like being' based might conjure up an horrific vision of the future for company leaders who have enjoyed the traditions of having all their employees working from under the same major issue has to be one of security. There are many issues when it comes to security over wireless networks. Wireless networks do not follow the rules of traditional wired networks. Many times, the signals are carried far beyond the physical parameters they are meant to be controlled within making it easier to intercept signals and capture will also be the question posed of what happens to the have nots? - Those people and developing countries in particular that don't have the resources to wirelessly interact with others. The same thing could be said about the Internet itself but satellites could alleviate that problem far more quickly than the ability to put broadband connections in every office and home throughout the major hurdle has to be that business and society can only adapt at a certain pace. Technology evolves far more quickly and there may be many a product developed for which the demand is not yet there. But the mobile phone and PC market driven by what the consumer wants will determine what the future of wireless there is no question that wireless communication is here to stay and will grow even of the new wireless technologies abound. Consumers are setting up wireless local area networks (WLANS) in their homes. These allow multiple computers to hook up to one fast internet connection or laptop users to connect from the comfort of their sofa or back garden patio. Away from home, 'Hotspots' that permit wireless connection to the internet are popping up everywhere, in book stores, coffee shops, airports and even pubs. Within the next year, airlines are expected to announce the availability of wi-fi during flights. However, until there is increased competition in the market place, this new epoch will be there for the privileged few as opposed to the mass market who will still be relying solely on their mobile phones for wireless connectivity on the move. It remains to be seen whether the new generation of 3G phones has arrived too late to push aside wi-fi and it's even conceivable that mobile phone companies could one day find themselves obsolete unless they look for new ways to attract and retain issues like security, along with the problems of cost, intrusion on privacy and identifying such things as hotspot locations is not going to hold wireless communication and technology back. In the end, there will always be solutions to problems and wi-fi is no different in this Reed, an adjunct professor at MIT's Media Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts has been studying the future of wireless communications. He draws a comparison with the new wi-fi revolution with that of the 'paperless society' which was often mooted in offices and homes all over the world with the advent of the PC. He said, The market will push us towards a wireless future. People love paper but I can't find a single person who can say that about more wi-fi systems are developed which will, in turn, drive the cost down it will become an increasingly less disruptive way to communicate in the future and it will become very difficult for anything else out there to compete with is used by millions of people every minute. For many people the Internet is a "room" that is situated somewhere behind their computer screens in a cyberspace. Though the Internet exists for about a decade it has become the medium of the new network society. The popular and commercial spreading of the Internet has been exceedingly significant - promoting changes in almost every sphere of human activity and society. From the very beginning of the Internet in 1991, it has completely changed the way firms do business, as well as the way customers buy and use products and services. The Internet gives extra opportunities for marketing. The spreading of the Internet has been so impetuous that it has been the point for well-grounded analysis. The Internet, virtual reality, can or cannot have negative effects on our culture and society? This paper is concentrated on the Internet phenomenon and on the spreading of the Internet culture and its effects on people. The first ideas appeared in the 1950s. In the 1980s, technologies that became the basis of the modern Internet began to spread worldwide. In the 1990s the World Wide Web was used all over the world. The infrastructure of the Internet spread all over the world and the modern world wide network of computers have appeared. It spread amidst the western countries, then came into the developing countries and created a worldwide admittance to communications and data and a digital divide in admittance to this new infrastructure. While studying the amount of Internet users, the Internet had 30 million users on 10 million computers linked to over 240,000 networks in about 100 states. The last figures indicate the fact that International Data Corp values that 40 million people are home web users in the USA in 1999, which consists of 15% of the population. “Le Monde” in 1998 published that 100 million people use the Internet all over the world. Jupiter Communications estimates that active Internet users - 4 to 5 million USA customers - shop regularly on the Internet by 2000, which represents 3% of Internet is a very attractive marketing tool with the possibility to customize pages, as well as new promotional systems, giving firms the possibility of communication and promotion effectively by adapting to consumers’ likings. Interactive traits of the Internet permit asking customers their likings, and then the firm can adapt product offers and promotions to these likings. It provides the effective recruit of new customers. For instance, some car manufacturers ask Internet users for concrete information and in return give potential customers a $1,000 discount coupon or a free CD player coupon. 这里有很多，不知是通讯的具体什么方面，看看这里，找你想要的吧

五个通信专业英语论文参考文献

通信业已经走进了千家万户，成为了大家日常生活不可分割的一部分，如今一些高校也设立了专门的通信专业。下面我给大家带来通信专业 毕业 论文题目参考_通信方向专业论文题目，希望能帮助到大家!

通信专业毕业论文题目

1、高移动无线通信抗多普勒效应技术研究进展

2、携能通信协作认知网络稳态吞吐量分析和优化

3、协作通信中基于链路不平衡的中继激励

4、时间反转水声通信系统的优化设计与仿真

5、散射通信系统电磁辐射影响分析

6、无人机激光通信载荷发展现状与关键技术

7、数字通信前馈算法中的最大似然同步算法仿真

8、沙尘暴对对流层散射通信的影响分析

9、测控通信系统中低延迟视频编码传输 方法 研究

10、传输技术在通信工程中的应用与前瞻

11、城市通信灯杆基站建设分析

12、电子通信技术中电磁场和电磁波的运用

13、关于军事通信抗干扰技术进展与展望

14、城轨无线通信系统改造方案研究

15、无线通信系统在天津东方海陆集装箱码头中的运用

16、分析电力通信电源系统运行维护及注意事项

17、 无线网络 通信系统与新技术应用研究

18、基于电力载波通信的机房监控系统设计

19、短波天线在人防通信中的选型研究

20、机场有线通信系统的设计简析

21、关于通信原理课程教学改革的新见解

22、机载认知通信网络架构研究

23、无线通信技术的发展研究

24、论无线通信网络中个人信息的安全保护

25、短波天波通信场强估算方法与模型

26、多波束卫星通信系统中功率和转发器增益联合优化算法

27、HAP通信中环形波束的实现及优化

28、扩频通信中FFT捕获算法的改进

29、对绿色无线移动通信技术的思考

30、关于数据通信及其应用的分析

31、广播传输系统中光纤通信的应用实践略述

32、数字通信信号自动调制识别技术

33、关于通信设备对接技术的研究分析

34、光纤通信网络优化及运行维护研究

35、短波通信技术发展与核心分析

36、智慧城市中的信息通信技术标准体系

37、探究无线通信技术在测绘工程中的应用情况

38、卫星语音通信在空中交通管制中的应用

39、通信传输系统在城市轨道交通中的应用发展

40、通信电源 系统安全 可靠性分析

41、浅谈通信电源的技术发展

42、关于电力通信网的可靠性研究

43、无线通信抗干扰技术性能研究

44、数能一体化无线通信网络

45、无线通信系统中的协同传输技术

46、无线通信技术发展分析

47、实时网络通信系统的分析和设计

48、浅析通信工程项目管理系统集成服务

49、通信网络中的安全分层及关键技术论述

50、电力通信光缆运行外力破坏与预防 措施

51、电力通信运维体系建设研究

52、电力配网通信设备空间信息采集方法的应用与研究

53、长途光缆通信线路的防雷及防强电设计

54、电网近场无线通信技术研究及实例测试

55、气象气球应急通信系统设计

56、卫星量子通信的光子偏振误差影响与补偿研究

57、基于信道加密的量子安全直接通信

58、量子照明及其在安全通信上的应用

59、一款用于4G通信的水平极化全向LTE天线

60、面向无线通信的双频带平面缝隙天线设计

铁道信号专业毕业论文题目

1、CTCS应答器信号与报文检测仪-控制主板软硬件设计

2、基于ACP方法的城市轨道交通枢纽应急疏散若干问题研究

3、全电子高压脉冲轨道电路接收器的硬件研究与设计

4、实时断轨检测系统中信号采集与通信子系统研究

5、基于模型的轨旁仿真子系统验证及代码自动生成

6、基于全相位FFT的铁道信号频率检测算法研究

7、基于机器视觉的嵌入式道岔缺口检测系统应用

8、铁路信号产品的电磁兼容分析与研究

9、铁路高职院校校内实训基地建设研究

10、铁道信号电子沙盘系统整体规划及设计

11、基于Web的高职院校考试系统的设计与实现

12、铁道信号沙盘模拟显示系统研究

13、联锁道岔电子控制模块的研制

14、基于ARM的故障监测诊断系统设计(前端采集和通信系统)

15、客运专线列控车载设备维修技术及标准化研究

16、驼峰三部位减速器出口速度计算方法研究

17、CTCS-2级列控系统应答器动态检测的研究

18、石家庄铁路运输学校招生信息管理系统的设计与实现

19、铁道信号基础设备智能网络监测器设计

20、基于光纤传感的铁道信号监测系统软件设计

21、铁道信号基础设备在线监测方法研究

22、有轨电车信号系统轨旁控制器三相交流转辙机控制模块的研究

23、基于故障树的京广高速铁路信号系统问题分析及对策

24、站内轨道电路分路不良计轴检查设备设计与实现

25、铁路综合视频监控系统的技术研究与工程建设

26、客运专线信号控制系统设计方案

27、铁路信号仿真实验室的硬件系统设计及其信号机程序测试

28、基于C语言的离线电弧电磁干扰检测系统数据采集及底层控制的实现研究

29、铁路综合演练系统的开发与实现

30、大功率LED铁路信号灯光源的研究

31、牵引供电系统不平衡牵引回流研究

32、CBTC系统中区域控制器和外部联锁功能接口的设计

33、城轨控制实验室仿真平台硬件接口研究

34、ATP安全错误检测码与运算方法的研究与设计

35、LED显示屏控制系统的设计及在铁路信号中的应用

36、客运专线列控系统临时限速服务器基于3-DES算法安全通信的研究与实现

37、基于动态故障树和蒙特卡洛仿真的列控系统风险分析研究

38、物联网环境下铁路控制安全传输研究与设计

39、轨道交通信号事故再现与分析平台研究与设计

40、铁路强电磁干扰对信号系统的影响

41、基于LTE的列车无线定位方法研究

42、列车定位系统安全性研究

43、基于CBTC系统的联锁逻辑研究

44、无线闭塞中心仿真软件设计与实现

45、职业技能 教育 的研究与实践

46、光纤铁路信号微机监测系统数据前端设计

47、LED大屏幕在铁路行车监控系统的应用研究

48、基于微机监测的故障信号研究与应用

49、语域视角下的人物介绍英译

50、基于嵌入式系统的高压不对称脉冲轨道信号发生器设计

通信技术毕业论文题目

1、基于OFDM的电力线通信技术研究

2、基于专利信息分析的我国4G移动通信技术发展研究

3、基于无线通信技术的智能电表研制

4、基于Android手机摄像头的可见光通信技术研究

5、基于激光二极管的可见光通信技术研究和硬件设计

6、智能家居系统安全通信技术的研究与实现

7、基于DVB-S2的宽带卫星通信技术应用研究

8、基于近场通信技术的蓝牙 配对 模块的研发

9、多点协作通信系统的关键技术研究

10、无线通信抗干扰技术性能研究

11、水下无线通信网络安全关键技术研究

12、水声扩频通信关键技术研究

13、基于协作分集的无线通信技术研究

14、数字集群通信网络架构和多天线技术的研究

15、通信网络恶意代码及其应急响应关键技术研究

16、基于压缩感知的超宽带通信技术研究

17、大气激光通信中光强闪烁及其抑制技术的研究

18、卫星通信系统跨层带宽分配及多媒体通信技术研究

19、星间/星内无线通信技术研究

20、量子通信中的精密时间测量技术研究

21、无线传感器网络多信道通信技术的研究

22、宽带电力线通信技术工程应用研究

23、可见光双层成像通信技术研究与应用

24、基于可见光与电力载波的无线通信技术研究

25、车联网环境下的交通信息采集与通信技术研究

26、室内高速可调光VLC通信技术研究

27、面向5G通信的射频关键技术研究

28、基于AMPSK调制的无线携能通信技术研究

29、车联网V2I通信媒体接入控制技术研究

30、下一代卫星移动通信系统关键技术研究

31、物联网节点隐匿通信模型及关键技术研究

32、高速可见光通信的调制关键技术研究

33、无线通信系统中的大规模MIMO关键理论及技术研究

34、OQAM-OFDM无线通信系统关键技术研究

35、基于LED的可见光无线通信关键技术研究

36、CDMA扩频通信技术多用户检测器的应用

37、基于GPRS的嵌入式系统无线通信技术的研究

38、近距离低功耗无线通信技术的研究

39、矿山井下人员定位系统中无线通信技术研究与开发

40、基于信息隐藏的隐蔽通信技术研究

通信专业毕业论文题目参考相关 文章 ：

★ 通信工程毕业论文题目

★ 通信工程毕业论文题目

★ 通信工程毕业论文选题

★ 通信工程的毕业论文参考范文

★ 通信工程专业毕业论文参考文献

★ 通信工程的毕业论文(2)

★ 通信工程方面毕业论文

★ 通信工程专业毕业论文

★ 通信工程的毕业论文范例

★ 通信工程的毕业论文范例(2)

你所说的英文文献应该是指公开发表在国际会议或者期刊上的英文文献，毕业论文的参考文献里面尽量少引用学位论文，因为你的毕业论文研究的是别人没有研究过或者比较新的技术，应该引用你读过的近期新发表的论文。可以从IEEE Xplore Digital Library、ACM Digital Library、springer等外文数据库输入关键词检索相关文章。

基于WIN CE的ADSL线路参数研究ADSL line parameters research based on WIN CE CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded CE since version [2][3], and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is not to be confused with Windows XP Embedded which is NT-based. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH CE is optimized for devices that have minimal storage—a Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a “closed” system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM). Windows CE conforms to the definition of a real-time operating system, with a deterministic interrupt latency. It supports 256 priority levels and uses priority inheritance for dealing with priority inversion. The fundamental unit of execution is the thread. This helps to simplify the interface and improve execution has stated that the ‘CE’ is not an intentional initialism, but many people believe CE stands for ‘Consumer Electronics’ or ‘Compact Edition’; users often disparagingly called it “Wince”.[4] Microsoft says it implies a number of Windows CE design precepts, including “Compact, Connectable, Compatible, Companion, and Efficient.”[5] The first version, known during development under the codename “Pegasus”, featured a Windows-like GUI and a number of Microsoft's popular applications, all trimmed down for smaller storage, memory, and speed of the palmtops of the then, Windows CE has evolved into a component-based, embedded, real-time operating system. It is no longer targeted solely at hand-held computers. Many platforms have been based on the core Windows CE operating system, including Microsoft's AutoPC, Pocket PC 2000, Pocket PC 2002, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003 SE, Windows Mobile , Windows Mobile 6, Smartphone 2002, Smartphone 2003 and many industrial devices and embedded systems. Windows CE even powered select games for the Sega Dreamcast, was the operating system of the controversial Gizmondo handheld, and can partially run on modified Microsoft Xbox game distinctive feature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Windows CE OS image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware environments (other than the CPU family) are still distributed in binary form toolsVisual StudioLate versions of Microsoft Visual Studio support projects for Windows CE / Windows Mobile, producing executable programs and platform images either as an emulator or attached by cable to an actual mobile device. A mobile device is not necessary to develop a CE program. The .NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the .NET Framework with projects in C# and , but not Managed C++.Platform BuilderThis programming tool is used for building the platform (BSP + Kernel), device drivers (shared source or custom made) and also the application. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (standard development kit) for the target microprocessor (SuperH, x86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used with another associated tool set named Visual C++ (eVC)The Embedded Visual C++ tool is for development of embedded application for Windows CE based devices. This tool can be used standalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder using the Platform Manager connectivity to Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and SmartPhoneOften Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Pocket PC are used interchangeably. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other components' features (. varying levels of windowing support; DCOM vs COM), others which are mutually exclusive (Bitmap or TrueType font support), and others which add additional features to another component. One can buy a kit (the Platform Builder) which contains all these components and the tools with which to develop a custom platform. Applications such as Excel Mobile/Pocket Excel are not part of this kit. The older Handheld PC version of Pocket Word and several other older applications are included as samples, Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE underpinning. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), SmartPhone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform utilizes different components of Windows CE, as well as supplemental features and applications suited for their respective PC and Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general PDA use, and consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter than those for producing a custom Windows CE-based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the digitizer as the primary Human Interface Device and its extremely portable SmartPhone platform is a feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. SmartPhone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers. The SmartPhone interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and PhonePad input. Devices running SmartPhone do not include a touchscreen interface. SmartPhone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, whereas most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a larger Mobile 5 supports USB and new devices running this OS will also conform to the USB Mass Storage Class, meaning the storage on PPC can be accessed from any USB-equipped PC, without requiring any extra software, except requiring a compliant host. In other words, you can use it as a flash productsCompetitors to consumer CE based PDA platforms like Pocket PC – the main application of Windows CE – are Java, Symbian OS, Palm OS, iPhone OS and Linux based packages like Qtopia Embedded Linux environment from Trolltech, Convergent Linux Platform from a La Mobile, and Access Linux Platform from Orange and secondary usage of CE is in devices in need of graphical user interfaces, (point of sale terminals, media centers, web tablets, thin clients) as the main selling point CE is the look and feel being similar to desktop Windows. The competition is Windows XP, Linux and graphical packages for simpler embedded operating an RTOS, Windows CE is also theoretically a competitor to any realtime operating system in the embedded space, like VxWorks, ITRON or eCos. The dominating method, however, of mixing Windows look and feel with realtime on the same hardware, is to run double operating systems using some virtualization technology, like TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors or Intime from TenAsys in the case of Windows, and OS Ware from VirtualLogix, Padded Cell from Green Hills Software, OKL4 from Open Kernel Labs, TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors, RTS Hypervisor from Real-Time Systems or PikeOS from Sysgo, in case of the Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. It does this by utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. A splitter - or microfilter - allows a single telephone connection to be used for both ADSL service and voice calls at the same time. Because phone lines vary in quality and were not originally engineered with DSL in mind, it can generally only be used over short distances, typically less than 3mi ( km) [William Stallings' book].At the telephone exchange the line generally terminates at a DSLAM where another frequency splitter separates the voice band signal for the conventional phone network. Data carried by the ADSL is typically routed over the telephone company's data network and eventually reaches a conventional internet network. In the UK under British Telecom the data network in question is its ATM network which in turn sends it to its IP network IP distinguishing characteristic of ADSL over other forms of DSL is that the volume of data flow is greater in one direction than the other, . it is asymmetric. Providers usually market ADSL as a service for consumers to connect to the Internet in a relatively passive mode: able to use the higher speed direction for the "download" from the Internet but not needing to run servers that would require high speed in the other are both technical and marketing reasons why ADSL is in many places the most common type offered to home users. On the technical side, there is likely to be more crosstalk from other circuits at the DSLAM end (where the wires from many local loops are close to each other) than at the customer premises. Thus the upload signal is weakest at the noisiest part of the local loop, while the download signal is strongest at the noisiest part of the local loop. It therefore makes technical sense to have the DSLAM transmit at a higher bit rate than does the modem on the customer end. Since the typical home user in fact does prefer a higher download speed, the telephone companies chose to make a virtue out of necessity, hence ADSL. On the marketing side, limiting upload speeds limits the attractiveness of this service to business customers, often causing them to purchase higher cost Digital Signal 1 services instead. In this fashion, it segments the digital communications market between business and home usersHow ADSL worksOn the wireCurrently, most ADSL communication is full duplex. Full duplex ADSL communication is usually achieved on a wire pair by either frequency division duplex (FDD), echo canceling duplex (ECD), or time division duplexing (TDD). FDM uses two separate frequency bands, referred to as the upstream and downstream bands. The upstream band is used for communication from the end user to the telephone central office. The downstream band is used for communicating from the central office to the end user. With standard ADSL (annex A), the band from kHz to 138 kHz is used for upstream communication, while 138 kHz – 1104 kHz is used for downstream communication. Each of these is further divided into smaller frequency channels of kHz. During initial training, the ADSL modem tests which of the available channels have an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The distance from the telephone exchange, noise on the copper wire, or interference from AM radio stations may introduce errors on some frequencies. By keeping the channels small, a high error rate on one frequency thus need not render the line unusable: the channel will not be used, merely resulting in reduced throughput on an otherwise functional ADSL may support usage of higher frequencies as a proprietary extension to the standard. However, this requires matching vendor-supplied equipment on both ends of the line, and will likely result in crosstalk issues that affect other lines in the same is a direct relationship between the number of channels available and the throughput capacity of the ADSL connection. The exact data capacity per channel depends on the modulation method used.[edit] ModulationADSL initially existed in two flavours (similar to VDSL), namely CAP and DMT. CAP was the de facto standard for ADSL deployments up until 1996, deployed in 90 percent of ADSL installs at the time. However, DMT was chosen for the first ITU-T ADSL standards, and (also called and respectively). Therefore all modern installations of ADSL are based on the DMT modulation J and M shift the upstream/downstream frequency split up to 276 kHz (from 138 kHz used in the commonly deployed annex A) in order to boost upstream rates. Additionally, the "all-digital-loop" variants of ADSL2 and ADSL2+ (annexes I and J) support an extra 256 kbit/s of upstream if the bandwidth normally used for POTS voice calls is allocated for ADSL the ADSL access utilizes the MHz band, ADSL2+ utilizes the MHz downstream and upstream rates displayed are theoretical maxima. Note also that because Digital subscriber line access multiplexers and ADSL modems may have been implemented based on differing or incomplete standards some manufacturers may advertise different speeds. For example, Ericsson has several devices that support non-standard upstream speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s in ADSL2 and ADSL2+.[edit] Installation issuesDue to the way it uses the frequency spectrum, ADSL deployment presents some issues. It is necessary to install appropriate frequency filters at the customer's premises, to avoid interferences with the voice service, while at the same time taking care to keep a clean signal level for the ADSL the early days of DSL, installation required a technician to visit the premises. A splitter was installed near the demarcation point, from which a dedicated data line was installed. This way, the DSL signal is separated earlier and is not attenuated inside the customer premises. However, this procedure is costly, and also caused problems with customers complaining about having to wait for the technician to perform the installation. As a result, many DSL vendors started offering a self-install option, in which they ship equipment and instructions to the customer. Instead of separating the DSL signal at the demarcation point, the opposite is done: the DSL signal is "filtered off" at each phone outlet by use of a low pass filter, also known as microfilter. This method does not require any rewiring inside the customer side effect of the move to the self-install model is that the DSL signal can be degraded, especially if more than 5 voiceband devices are connected to the line. The DSL signal is now present on all telephone wiring in the building, causing attenuation and echo. A way to circumvent this is to go back to the original model, and install one filter upstream from all telephone jacks in the building, except for the jack to which the DSL modem will be connected. Since this requires wiring changes by the customer and may not work on some household telephone wiring, it is rarely done. It is usually much easier to install filters at each telephone jack that is in use.