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道桥毕业论文英文简介

发布时间:2024-07-07 03:47:27

道桥毕业论文英文简介

Under the new current economic condition, the culture is enterprise'ssoul, is the enterprise core competitive ability importantconstituent. Engulfs the entire world in at present the new economicaltide and our country join WTO under the big background, the harborprofession survival external environment and internal management hasall had the huge change, also welcomed the rare developmentopportunity, simultaneously also was facing keen competition and thestern challenge. Is listed the third Qingdao port as China, must wantin take high tech, the network and the information industries as themain strut, take the whole world economic integration as thedevelopment characteristic new economical time survival development,constructs the new enterprise culture which adapts with thisimperative. This article has analyzed under the new current economic condition theQingdao port enterprise in the production management newcharacteristic, and in this foundation, has analyzed the new economythe challenge and the renewal request which proposed to the Qingdaoport enterprise culture construction, and elaborates the correspondingsolution countermeasure with own viewpoint. Finally in thisfoundation, proposed constructs conforms to the new economicalcharacteristic take "to be able this" as the core three dimensionalenterprise culture new pattern tentative plan.

高压旋喷桩在道路软基处理中的应用摘 要:在津沽改线下穿通道的U15-U18段及搭板处,因按照原计划用于加强软土地基承载力的深层水泥搅拌桩机具过高,容易使机具与其上的高压线发生电击事故而在施工中无法得到实施,所以此段变更为高压旋喷桩。本文结合工程实例,分别从工作机理、施工流程、和质量检验三个方面对高压旋喷桩做了阐述。关键词:软土地基处理,高压旋喷桩,质量控制1、工程简介津沽该线下穿通道工程全长440米,宽为米,其中U型槽的JK3+— JK3+的范围内,道路中心线两侧上方有110KV高压线干扰,所以此段由原来的深层水泥搅拌桩变更为高压旋喷桩。此段旋喷桩设计桩长10—15 米,设计桩径600mm,梅花形布置,桩距米,总根数为668根,总米数为米,从2009年11月8日始到2009年11月19日止,历时12天,工后检验效果理想。2、高压旋喷桩概述.概念:高压旋喷桩是高压喷射注浆法处理地基中的一种,是利用钻孔设备,把安装在注浆管底部侧面的特殊喷嘴,置入土层预定深度后,用高压泥浆泵等装置,以20Mpa左右的压力把预先制备好的水泥、水玻璃等材料作为主固化剂的浆液从喷嘴中喷射出去冲击破坏土体,同时借助注浆管的旋转和提升运动,使浆液把从土体上崩落下来的土搅拌混合,经一定时间的凝固,便在土中形成圆柱状的具有一定强度和抗渗能力的固结体,从而使地基承载力得到加强的一种工程方法。. 加固机理:高压喷射注浆是利用工程钻机把带有喷嘴的注浆管钻进至土层的预定位置,以高压设备使浆液成为20Mpa左右的高压流从喷嘴里喷射出来,冲击破坏土体,当能量大、速度快和呈脉动状的喷射流的动压超过土体结构强度时,土料便从土体剥落下来,高压流切割搅碎的土层,呈颗粒状分散,一部分被浆液和水带出钻孔,另一部分则与浆液搅拌混合,随着浆液的凝固,组成具有一定强度和抗渗能力的固结体,当喷射流以360°旋转、自下而上喷射提升时,固结体的截面形状为圆形即称为旋喷。在钻机的钻杆最前端设置一个高压液体喷射装置,当钻机把该高压喷射装置送到土层预定深度时,通过高压泵向钻杆中心孔连续输送高压水泥浆液,高压水泥浆液即通过喷射装置中的喷嘴小孔喷入钻杆周围的砂层、土层及砂土层,与此同时钻机带动钻杆缓慢旋转并提升使喷嘴缓慢螺旋上升,从而使高压水泥浆不断切割搅拌土层,形成水泥、砂、土及速凝剂的混合搅拌浆体,通过固化剂和软土间所产生的一系列物理化学反应,生成水化物,然后水化物胶结形成凝胶体,将土颗粒凝结在一起形成具有整体性、水稳定性和较高强度的结构整体,从而提高其复合地基承载力及改变地基土物理化学性能,达到提高地基承载力、减少地基沉降、阻止水体流动、增强地基稳定性的目的。旋喷桩主要用于加固地基,提高地基的抗剪强度,改善地基土的变性性能,使其在上部结构荷载作用下,不至破坏或产生过大的变形。3、施工流程旋喷注浆施工流程可大致分为:施工准备,试桩、技术参数确定→测量放样,桩机就位,钻孔,水泥浆制备,旋喷和复搅,提管冲洗,移动设备→桩基工后检测;、 施工准备:钻机进场之前首先进行场地布置,清除施工区域的杂物,平整场地施工段落要平整密实,做好排水工作,确保在较干净的环境中进行施工,其次,准备好施工用电和施工用水;施工用电使用沿线设置的变压器并配备发电机在施工现场,架设电缆接线到施工作业区。、试桩、技术参数确定:每个工点施工前必须先打不少于3根的工艺试验桩,以检验机具性能及施工工艺中的各项技术参数,其中包括最佳的灰浆稠度、工作压力、钻进和提升速度等,还应根据被加固土的性质及单桩承载力要求,确定水泥掺入量。通过试验桩确定本工程高压旋喷桩施工技术参数为:水灰比为1:1;钻进、工作压力20~25Mpa;提升速度≤;桩顶1米范围提升速度≤;转速应控制在20~25r/min,水泥掺入量范围在180~220Kg/m之间。、测量放样:测量人员根据施工图纸提供的坐标、平面布置图,在施工段落进行布桩,桩位用小木桩红色头醒目标注,桩间距误差不大于50mm,布桩完成自检合格后报监理工程师验收,验收合格后进行下一步工序。、钻机就位:搅拌机具运至现场后进行安装调试,待转速、压力及计量设备正常后就位。钻机就位时先使钻头对准桩位标志中心,然后进行钻杆的双向调平,之后,再次调整对中,最后再精确调平。垂直度误差不超过1%,对中误差小于5cm。、钻孔:每台钻机在开钻前,技术人员对钻杆总长度进行尺量,根据桩长、设计桩顶标高、原地面标高计算下钻节数,并在最后一节钻杆上标定出下钻结束位置。钻孔的目的是为了把注浆管置入到预定深度,钻孔方法采用单管法旋转钻机。在钻杆下钻时采用小于10Mpa的水泥浆压力,一方面防止堵喷嘴,另一方面对土体进行第一次喷射,使土体成为混合液,减小喷浆时土体的阻力,以利于浆液充分搅拌,钻到设计的深度。成孔后,应校检孔位、孔深及垂直度,是否符合设计要求。、灰浆的制作:选用优质普硅水泥,根据搅拌桶的大小、水灰比、泥浆比重来标定最大水位线,按水灰比1:1添加水泥,并经充分搅拌,测定泥浆比重是否达到试配时比重,如达不到继续添加水泥直至达到试配水泥浆比重为止。搅拌时间少于4分钟的不得使用,超过初凝时间的浆液也不得使用;灰浆经过两道过滤网的过滤,以防喷嘴发生堵塞;抽入储浆桶内的灰浆要不停地搅拌。、旋喷和复搅:将注浆管下到预定深度后,调整回流阀门,使旋喷罐内的压强达到规定值,水泥浆到达喷嘴后,检验喷射方向、摆动角度,一切合格后,调整工作台和油泵阀门,使旋转速度控制在20—25 r /min和提升速度达到20-25cm /min的范围时开始提杆、旋喷,由下往上成桩,在桩头以下1米范围复喷提钻时采用最慢的1档提钻上升,并复喷一次,增加桩体的密实度,因为桩顶以下1米范围将承受较大的荷载,加强此处桩体的质量对发挥桩体的承载力起关键作用。当喷浆结束后,要对注浆孔进行二次回灌,防止旋喷桩体因水泥浆固结出现顶部凹陷而达不到设计桩顶标高。在施工过程中,旋转速度、提升速度、旋喷压力、水泥用量参数的变化将直接影响桩的均匀程度和桩径,水灰比参数的变化将会影响桩身的强度,因此必须时刻注意检查浆液初凝时间、水泥浆流量及压力、提升速度、旋摆角度、喷射方法等参数是否符合设计要求,并随时作好记录,如遇故障应及时排除。、提管冲洗:喷射作业完成后,将注浆泵的吸浆管移到水箱内,在地面上喷射,以便把泥浆泵、注浆管内的浆液全部排除,防止残存水泥浆将管路堵塞。移动设备:移动钻机至下一孔位,为确保桩与桩之间能很好咬合,宜采用打一跳一法,且间隔时间应大于36小时。4、质量检验 高压旋喷桩完成28d后方能进行质量检验。、触探及抽芯检验成桩7d内采用轻型触探进行N10检测,检测频率为工程桩数的2%。抽芯检验的总桩数不得少于工程桩数的3‰,单位工程桩数小于1000根时,至少做3根。桩芯无侧限抗压强度(28d)应满足如下要求:桩顶~2/3桩长范围:≥;2/3桩长~桩尖范围:≥。、高压旋喷桩单桩承载力要求高压旋喷桩单桩承载力表桩长(m) 单桩承载力(KN)10 30711 33712 36713 39714 42715 442质量检验标准序号 控制参数 控制标准值 备 注1 桩机安装垂直度偏差 <1% 查施工记录2 桩位偏差 ±50 mm 查施工记录3 注浆压力 ≥20Mpa 查施工记录4 水灰比 1:1 查施工记录5 水泥用量 ≥180kg/m 查施工记录6 桩径 ≥600mm 开挖抽查2%7 桩长 不小于设计值 查施工记录8 旋转速度 20~25r/min9 喷提升速度 10~25 cm/min10 桩身强度 不小于设计值 抽芯检查5、注意事项、施工时应先施工内排桩,后施工外排桩、水泥浆液应连续供应。如发生断浆现象,须复打,复打重叠长度必须大于。、浆液拌和应均匀,不得有结块;浆液不得离析或停滞时间过长,超过2小时应停止使用。、构造物基底水泥搅拌桩桩顶高程应根据构造物底高程进行计算确定,同时应考虑凿除50㎝桩头的影响。、旋喷废浆应予以充分利用,施工过长中可在相邻桩之间开挖一定深度的浆液存贮沟(沟宽~米,深~米),待浆液凝固后形成具有一定强度的桩间横系梁,以增强各桩间共同作用,提高地基承载力。施工中控制冒浆量小于注浆量的20%,超过20%或完全不冒浆应查明原因,采取措施。、成桩28d后,可开始基槽开挖,凿除50㎝软桩头,桩头凿除后桩长不得小于设计桩长。、提钻喷浆的速度控制,控制好旋喷速度,保证不大于25cm/min且稳定,灌浆管分段搭接的长度不得小于10cm。底部时应适当加大压力保证底部桩头大于设计,顶部时应重复提钻喷浆一次保证桩头的完整。、提升旋喷过程中确保压力达到设计要求,不小于20Mpa,使足够的水泥浆压入土体,钻杆旋转速度再规定范围内,20~25r/min,确保桩体的均匀性和整体性及强度。6、结语实践表明,采用高压旋喷桩技术进行软土地基加固的效果是显著的,它具有加固体强度高、加固质量均匀、施工操作简便、占地高度小等特点,可用于处理加固淤泥质土、粉土、粘土等软土地基,适用于场地狭窄、不宜进驻大型机械设备等场合,可有效地减少地基总沉降量和不均匀沉降,地基处理效果明显。参考文献:[1] 叶书麟. 地基处理工程实例应用手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983,3[2] 程云朋. 高压旋喷桩在地基加固中的应用探讨[J]. 山西建筑,2007[3] 李 兵. 高压旋喷桩施工技术[J]. 甘肃科技,2005

毕业论文还是自己写为好,来求这个。。。。。 ╮(╯▽╰)╭。。。。。。

道桥毕业论文英文绪论

1、题目:题目应简洁、明确、有概括性,字数不宜超过20个字(不同院校可能要求不同)。本专科毕业论文一般无需单独的题目页,硕博士毕业论文一般需要单独的题目页,展示院校、指导教师、答辩时间等信息。英文部分一般需要使用Times NewRoman字体。2、版权声明:一般而言,硕士与博士研究生毕业论文内均需在正文前附版权声明,独立成页。个别本科毕业论文也有此项。3、摘要:要有高度的概括力,语言精练、明确,中文摘要约100—200字(不同院校可能要求不同)。4、关键词:从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个(不同院校可能要求不同)最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。关键词之间需要用分号或逗号分开。5、目录:写出目录,标明页码。正文各一级二级标题(根据实际情况,也可以标注更低级标题)、参考文献、附录、致谢等。6、正文:专科毕业论文正文字数一般应在3000字以上,本科文学学士毕业论文通常要求8000字以上,硕士论文可能要求在3万字以上(不同院校可能要求不同)。毕业论文正文:包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。前言(引言)是论文的开头部分,主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识,并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。本论是毕业论文的主体,包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果,分析问题,论证观点,尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。结论是毕业论文的收尾部分,是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文,加深题意。7、致谢:简述自己通过做毕业论文的体会,并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。8、参考文献:在毕业论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的所有专著、论文及其他资料,所列参考文献可以按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列,也可以按照音序排列(正文中则采用相应的哈佛式参考文献标注而不出现序号)。9、注释:在论文写作过程中,有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。10、附录:对于一些不宜放在正文中,但有参考价值的内容,可编入附录中。有时也常将个人简介附于文后。

绪论是论文的开头部分,需要写明选题方向、研究背景/原因、选题意义、其中涉及到的实验方法,绪论不需写的过长,但在文字量上要比摘要多,一般情况下word两页左右就可以了。

要讲清研究的动机、写作的理由、目的和意义、提出问题、明确中心论点等。一共包含4个部分:选题以及主要研究方向 研究背景编写要求:国内外的研究现状,就是前人已经得出的结论,可以分几个角度阐述。

选题意义:选题意义是主要是用来阐述本次研究的价值,是开题报告中的重要部分,研究它的价值与意义,或者说创新点在哪里。用了什么实验方法。

毕业论文(graduation study),按一门课程计,是普通中等专业学校、高等专科学校、本科院校、高等教育自学考试本科及研究生学历专业教育学业的最后一个环节,为对本专业学生集中进行科学研究训练而要求学生在毕业前总结性独立作业、撰写的论文。

毕业论文的基本教学要求是:

1、培养学生综合运用、巩固与扩展所学的基础理论和专业知识,培养学生独立分析、解决实际问题能力、培养学生处理数据和信息的能力。

2、培养学生正确的理论联系实际的工作作风,严肃认真的科学态度。

3、培养学生进行社会调查研究;文献资料收集、阅读和整理、使用;提出论点、综合论证、总结写作等基本技能。

毕业论文英文答辩简介

论文答辩自述英文

在个人成长的多个环节中,大家都经常接触到论文吧,通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的`能力。那么问题来了,到底应如何写一篇优秀的论文呢?以下是我帮大家整理的论文答辩自述英文,欢迎大家分享。

Good morning, professors and everyone. I come from JMU College. I am XXX and my supervisor is prof XXX. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my paper.

The title of my paper is An Analysis of Ahab’s Personality Tragedy in Moby Dick. I choose this title as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this work as this is one of the texts in our American literature course . Last but not least , Moby-Dick is widely recognized as the summit not only of Melville’s art but of American nineteenth-centry fiction.

The purpose of this essay is to study Captain Ahab,the role in Moby-Dick, whose leg was bitten by the white whale in his process of the whaling. After losing his leg, he determined to revenge Moby Dick and tried to kill it. In order to revenge, Ahab ultimately dooms the crew of the Pequod (save for Ishmael) to death by his obsession with Moby Dick. By taking the comprehensive analysis perspective of Moby-Dick, this thesis will point out that the main characteristics of Ahab.

This paper consists of three parts. Part one presents an introduction to the Social Background and the life of the Author Herman Melvillehe ,Part two presents The Main Characteristics of Ahab. there are three aspects have been divided to analyze his characters: his monomania , his selfishness, and his individualism. Part three presents The Consequences of Ahabs Personality Tragedy.

OK, thats all. Thank you !

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :

I am Zhao Jing. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Zhong Ming, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

The title of my paper is The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea

The whole thesis consists of 3 parts. The first part will give brief introductions on the background which contains the social and cultural aspects and the introduction to the author of the masterpiece. In The second part is going to have a brief

introduction of the old man and the sea and analyze the masculine spirits in the old man and the sea such as the faith optimistic and the wisdom of the hero. In the third part, it is the natural conclusion and the deep consideration.

I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this novel as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times. Last but not the least, I’m deeply appreciated to the masculine spirit and hope I can get and practice it in my future. For the above facts, I select the subject of The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this novel we can know more about the author Hemingway and his honorable masculine spirit. “A man can be destroyed but not be defeated.” Such kind of spirit can

help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

That’s you!

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, its show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.

The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomens writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation”. The year 2014 represents the 22” anniversary of Angela Carters death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carters works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.

With the emergence of western womens movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though womens social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carters most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.

Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.

Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.

Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carters life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.

Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carters life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to womens freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.

Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carters demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.

Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

英语毕业的论文答辩稿(精选6篇)

毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩,在举行答辩会前,校方、答辩委员会、答辩者(撰写毕业论文的作者)三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿(精选6篇),欢迎大家分享。

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !

晚上好,所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST,主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx,我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导,近一年的辛苦工作,我已经完成了我的论文。最后,这是展示时间。今天晚上,我将向大家致以衷心的感谢,我衷心地欢迎您的加入。

我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究

我希望通过研究这个短小的故事,我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女,更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解,帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心,并更多地关注我们的心理健康该

接下来,我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论,哥特式传统,哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。

本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者,指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述,对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究,并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表,即死亡主题,独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因,详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因:父权制的压迫,南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后,在结论中,笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理,再次强调了论文论证的意义。

好的,就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢 !

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :

I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).

The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

道桥毕业论文

高压旋喷桩在道路软基处理中的应用摘 要:在津沽改线下穿通道的U15-U18段及搭板处,因按照原计划用于加强软土地基承载力的深层水泥搅拌桩机具过高,容易使机具与其上的高压线发生电击事故而在施工中无法得到实施,所以此段变更为高压旋喷桩。本文结合工程实例,分别从工作机理、施工流程、和质量检验三个方面对高压旋喷桩做了阐述。关键词:软土地基处理,高压旋喷桩,质量控制1、工程简介津沽该线下穿通道工程全长440米,宽为米,其中U型槽的JK3+¬— JK3+的范围内,道路中心线两侧上方有110KV高压线干扰,所以此段由原来的深层水泥搅拌桩变更为高压旋喷桩。此段旋喷桩设计桩长10—15 米,设计桩径600mm,梅花形布置,桩距米,总根数为668根,总米数为米,从2009年11月8日始到2009年11月19日止,历时12天,工后检验效果理想。2、高压旋喷桩概述.概念:高压旋喷桩是高压喷射注浆法处理地基中的一种,是利用钻孔设备,把安装在注浆管底部侧面的特殊喷嘴,置入土层预定深度后,用高压泥浆泵等装置,以20Mpa左右的压力把预先制备好的水泥、水玻璃等材料作为主固化剂的浆液从喷嘴中喷射出去冲击破坏土体,同时借助注浆管的旋转和提升运动,使浆液把从土体上崩落下来的土搅拌混合,经一定时间的凝固,便在土中形成圆柱状的具有一定强度和抗渗能力的固结体,从而使地基承载力得到加强的一种工程方法。. 加固机理:高压喷射注浆是利用工程钻机把带有喷嘴的注浆管钻进至土层的预定位置,以高压设备使浆液成为20Mpa左右的高压流从喷嘴里喷射出来,冲击破坏土体,当能量大、速度快和呈脉动状的喷射流的动压超过土体结构强度时,土料便从土体剥落下来,高压流切割搅碎的土层,呈颗粒状分散,一部分被浆液和水带出钻孔,另一部分则与浆液搅拌混合,随着浆液的凝固,组成具有一定强度和抗渗能力的固结体,当喷射流以360°旋转、自下而上喷射提升时,固结体的截面形状为圆形即称为旋喷。在钻机的钻杆最前端设置一个高压液体喷射装置,当钻机把该高压喷射装置送到土层预定深度时,通过高压泵向钻杆中心孔连续输送高压水泥浆液,高压水泥浆液即通过喷射装置中的喷嘴小孔喷入钻杆周围的砂层、土层及砂土层,与此同时钻机带动钻杆缓慢旋转并提升使喷嘴缓慢螺旋上升,从而使高压水泥浆不断切割搅拌土层,形成水泥、砂、土及速凝剂的混合搅拌浆体,通过固化剂和软土间所产生的一系列物理化学反应,生成水化物,然后水化物胶结形成凝胶体,将土颗粒凝结在一起形成具有整体性、水稳定性和较高强度的结构整体,从而提高其复合地基承载力及改变地基土物理化学性能,达到提高地基承载力、减少地基沉降、阻止水体流动、增强地基稳定性的目的。旋喷桩主要用于加固地基,提高地基的抗剪强度,改善地基土的变性性能,使其在上部结构荷载作用下,不至破坏或产生过大的变形。3、施工流程旋喷注浆施工流程可大致分为:施工准备,试桩、技术参数确定→测量放样,桩机就位,钻孔,水泥浆制备,旋喷和复搅,提管冲洗,移动设备→桩基工后检测;、 施工准备:钻机进场之前首先进行场地布置,清除施工区域的杂物,平整场地施工段落要平整密实,做好排水工作,确保在较干净的环境中进行施工,其次,准备好施工用电和施工用水;施工用电使用沿线设置的变压器并配备发电机在施工现场,架设电缆接线到施工作业区。、试桩、技术参数确定:每个工点施工前必须先打不少于3根的工艺试验桩,以检验机具性能及施工工艺中的各项技术参数,其中包括最佳的灰浆稠度、工作压力、钻进和提升速度等,还应根据被加固土的性质及单桩承载力要求,确定水泥掺入量。通过试验桩确定本工程高压旋喷桩施工技术参数为:水灰比为1:1;钻进、工作压力20~25Mpa;提升速度≤;桩顶1米范围提升速度≤;转速应控制在20~25r/min,水泥掺入量范围在180~220Kg/m之间。、测量放样:测量人员根据施工图纸提供的坐标、平面布置图,在施工段落进行布桩,桩位用小木桩红色头醒目标注,桩间距误差不大于50mm,布桩完成自检合格后报监理工程师验收,验收合格后进行下一步工序。、钻机就位:搅拌机具运至现场后进行安装调试,待转速、压力及计量设备正常后就位。钻机就位时先使钻头对准桩位标志中心,然后进行钻杆的双向调平,之后,再次调整对中,最后再精确调平。垂直度误差不超过1%,对中误差小于5cm。、钻孔:每台钻机在开钻前,技术人员对钻杆总长度进行尺量,根据桩长、设计桩顶标高、原地面标高计算下钻节数,并在最后一节钻杆上标定出下钻结束位置。钻孔的目的是为了把注浆管置入到预定深度,钻孔方法采用单管法旋转钻机。在钻杆下钻时采用小于10Mpa的水泥浆压力,一方面防止堵喷嘴,另一方面对土体进行第一次喷射,使土体成为混合液,减小喷浆时土体的阻力,以利于浆液充分搅拌,钻到设计的深度。成孔后,应校检孔位、孔深及垂直度,是否符合设计要求。、灰浆的制作:选用优质普硅水泥,根据搅拌桶的大小、水灰比、泥浆比重来标定最大水位线,按水灰比1:1添加水泥,并经充分搅拌,测定泥浆比重是否达到试配时比重,如达不到继续添加水泥直至达到试配水泥浆比重为止。搅拌时间少于4分钟的不得使用,超过初凝时间的浆液也不得使用;灰浆经过两道过滤网的过滤,以防喷嘴发生堵塞;抽入储浆桶内的灰浆要不停地搅拌。、旋喷和复搅:将注浆管下到预定深度后,调整回流阀门,使旋喷罐内的压强达到规定值,水泥浆到达喷嘴后,检验喷射方向、摆动角度,一切合格后,调整工作台和油泵阀门,使旋转速度控制在20—25 r /min和提升速度达到20-25cm /min的范围时开始提杆、旋喷,由下往上成桩,在桩头以下1米范围复喷提钻时采用最慢的1档提钻上升,并复喷一次,增加桩体的密实度,因为桩顶以下1米范围将承受较大的荷载,加强此处桩体的质量对发挥桩体的承载力起关键作用。当喷浆结束后,要对注浆孔进行二次回灌,防止旋喷桩体因水泥浆固结出现顶部凹陷而达不到设计桩顶标高。在施工过程中,旋转速度、提升速度、旋喷压力、水泥用量参数的变化将直接影响桩的均匀程度和桩径,水灰比参数的变化将会影响桩身的强度,因此必须时刻注意检查浆液初凝时间、水泥浆流量及压力、提升速度、旋摆角度、喷射方法等参数是否符合设计要求,并随时作好记录,如遇故障应及时排除。、提管冲洗:喷射作业完成后,将注浆泵的吸浆管移到水箱内,在地面上喷射,以便把泥浆泵、注浆管内的浆液全部排除,防止残存水泥浆将管路堵塞。移动设备:移动钻机至下一孔位,为确保桩与桩之间能很好咬合,宜采用打一跳一法,且间隔时间应大于36小时。4、质量检验 高压旋喷桩完成28d后方能进行质量检验。、触探及抽芯检验成桩7d内采用轻型触探进行N10检测,检测频率为工程桩数的2%。抽芯检验的总桩数不得少于工程桩数的3‰,单位工程桩数小于1000根时,至少做3根。桩芯无侧限抗压强度(28d)应满足如下要求:桩顶~2/3桩长范围:≥;2/3桩长~桩尖范围:≥。、高压旋喷桩单桩承载力要求高压旋喷桩单桩承载力表桩长(m) 单桩承载力(KN)10 30711 33712 36713 39714 42715 442质量检验标准序号 控制参数 控制标准值 备 注1 桩机安装垂直度偏差 <1% 查施工记录2 桩位偏差 ±50 mm 查施工记录3 注浆压力 ≥20Mpa 查施工记录4 水灰比 1:1 查施工记录5 水泥用量 ≥180kg/m 查施工记录6 桩径 ≥600mm 开挖抽查2%7 桩长 不小于设计值 查施工记录8 旋转速度 20~25r/min9 喷提升速度 10~25 cm/min10 桩身强度 不小于设计值 抽芯检查5、注意事项、施工时应先施工内排桩,后施工外排桩、水泥浆液应连续供应。如发生断浆现象,须复打,复打重叠长度必须大于。、浆液拌和应均匀,不得有结块;浆液不得离析或停滞时间过长,超过2小时应停止使用。、构造物基底水泥搅拌桩桩顶高程应根据构造物底高程进行计算确定,同时应考虑凿除50㎝桩头的影响。、旋喷废浆应予以充分利用,施工过长中可在相邻桩之间开挖一定深度的浆液存贮沟(沟宽~米,深~米),待浆液凝固后形成具有一定强度的桩间横系梁,以增强各桩间共同作用,提高地基承载力。施工中控制冒浆量小于注浆量的20%,超过20%或完全不冒浆应查明原因,采取措施。、成桩28d后,可开始基槽开挖,凿除50㎝软桩头,桩头凿除后桩长不得小于设计桩长。、提钻喷浆的速度控制,控制好旋喷速度,保证不大于25cm/min且稳定,灌浆管分段搭接的长度不得小于10cm。底部时应适当加大压力保证底部桩头大于设计,顶部时应重复提钻喷浆一次保证桩头的完整。、提升旋喷过程中确保压力达到设计要求,不小于20Mpa,使足够的水泥浆压入土体,钻杆旋转速度再规定范围内,20~25r/min,确保桩体的均匀性和整体性及强度。6、结语实践表明,采用高压旋喷桩技术进行软土地基加固的效果是显著的,它具有加固体强度高、加固质量均匀、施工操作简便、占地高度小等特点,可用于处理加固淤泥质土、粉土、粘土等软土地基,适用于场地狭窄、不宜进驻大型机械设备等场合,可有效地减少地基总沉降量和不均匀沉降,地基处理效果明显。参考文献:[1] 叶书麟. 地基处理工程实例应用手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983,3[2] 程云朋. 高压旋喷桩在地基加固中的应用探讨[J]. 山西建筑,2007[3] 李 兵. 高压旋喷桩施工技术[J]. 甘肃科技,2005

优秀 设计合理,具有良好的实用价值或创新性,完全满足设计要求的各项性能指标,反映设计者良好的专业基础知识以及独立分析问题和解决实际问题的能力。设计说明正确、清晰,文档及资料规范、齐全。良好 设计比较合理,具有较好的实用价值或创新性,满足设计要求的各项性能指标,反映设计者较好的专业基础知识和动手实践能力。设计说明正确、清晰,文档及资料规范、齐全。中等 设计中能运用所学专业知识,独立完成设计任务;设计合理,基本满足设计要求的各项性能指标;设计说明正确、清楚,文档及资料齐全。 及格 设计中能运用所学专业知识,独立完成设计任务,基本达到毕业设计要求,无原则性错误。设计说明基本正确、清楚,文档及资料齐全。不及格 设计不能按课题要求独立完成主要工作内容,设计不合理、出现原则性错误,达不到毕业设计的基本要求;设计说明不完整且不清晰,文档及资料欠规范、不齐全;或有抄袭他人成果的行为,设计内容有40%以上与他人雷同。

道路桥梁工程技术毕业论文简单

在工程项目建设中桥梁施工是个重要环节,桥梁建设发展的关键在施工技术水平。下面是由我整理的桥梁工程技术论文范文,谢谢你的阅读。

桥梁工程施工技术

摘要:在工程项目建设中桥梁施工是个重要环节,桥梁建设发展的关键在施工技术水平。科学技术在不断的进步,施工机具、设备和建筑材料都在发展,桥梁施工技术也得到了不断地改进、提高。为桥梁施工技术水平的不断提高,本文浅谈了桥梁施工方法及桥梁的几项施工技术。

关键词: 桥梁 施工 技术

中图分类号:TU74文献标识码: A

前言

在我国古代桥梁的兴盛年代,其间在桥梁型式、结构构造方面有着很多创新,可谓“精心构思,丰富多姿”。宋代之后,建桥数量大增,桥梁的跨越能力、造型和功能又有所提高,在桥梁施工方面充分表现了我国古代工匠的智慧和艺术水平,成为我国桥梁建造史上的宝贵财富。解放初期,我国的公路、城建部门在恢复、改造和新建公路与城市道路上改建和新建了数量可观的桥梁,使通车里程比解放前有了成倍的增长。随着科学技术的进步,施工机具、设备和建筑材料的发展,桥梁施工技术得到了不断地改进、提高。

一、现浇连续梁

1、支架法就地现浇连续梁一般要求

支架法就地现浇连续梁的支架施工,安装前必须进行支架刚度、强度及稳定性等计算,确定立杆间距及横杆间距,并对杆件进行逐根质量检查。基础处理是现浇梁支架体系的关键部位,桥梁全长范围内地基承载力必须满足连续梁施工的全部荷载,并须保持支架不产生变形,不得发生沉降现象,否则,进行加固处理。若地基所处路段为软土路基地段,地基承载力较低,地基采用三七灰土换填、压实处理,换填厚度根据计算荷载确定,以提高地基承载力。处理后的地基,经地基承载力检验合格后,方可进行支架搭设施工。支架底设置底托。

2、施工控制

施工控制的目的是确保结构的安全和稳定,使成桥后桥面系线形达到设计要求,并且使结构的内力分布与设计理想的状态基本吻合。在确保结构稳定的前提下,采用变形与应力双控,以变形控制为主,兼顾应力的发展情况。全桥都要进行变形、施工挠度与标高控制。

控制方法:以整体承载能力和抗倾覆稳定为主;加强纵横斜拉剪刀撑布置,增加外侧斜支撑或者斜拉筋,提高抗倾覆稳定性;高宽比特别悬殊的(大于5的)独立支架,应优先选用大型型钢支架。立杆接头错开布置,每个水平面接头不得大于总立杆数的50%。立杆接头扣件索紧牢固,或者加楔塞紧;加强纵横斜拉剪刀撑布置,约束立杆变形;水平杆接头扣件索紧牢固,或者加楔捆绑牢固,确保有效;水平拉结杆步距不得大于计算值;加强纵横斜拉剪刀撑布置,约束立杆变形。针对性保证措施:

(1)地基碾压整平,达到承载力要求。

(2)支架基础高于周围地面20cm~30cm,周围设置截水沟,防止雨水流进,施工中严防水侵泡。

(3)对碾压碎石基础而言,应设置纵横交叉枕梁(方木或者型钢),提高整体受力效果;格外加强高低差方向斜拉剪刀撑;顺桥向高低差形式的,应将支架与墩台身间采用较强的刚性连接;横桥向高低差形式的,设法在支架高边一侧增加斜支撑和矮边增加斜拉筋;通过预压检测和检验计算成果,为施工调差提供准确参数,荷载集中部位横梁严格检查验收。

3、待浇混凝土的梁段搭设新的暖棚, 与已浇注混凝土梁段的暖棚之间, 挂保温帘分隔保温管道压浆:

(1)已施工的现浇梁段的暖棚、外模、底模不拆除,也不前移,用于已浇梁段的预应力管道的保温。待浇混凝土的梁段搭设新的暖棚,与已浇注混凝土梁段的暖棚之间,挂保温帘分隔保温。采取覆盖和包裹保温措施后。

(2)预应力孔道内的浆液,其强度达到25MPa前,保持其温度位于0℃以上。

(3)压浆前,孔道及两端必需密封,用高压水或高压风将管段内吹沈干尽,管道内不得存水。然后进行压浆。

(4)预应力孔道注浆的保护主要是泌水问题,浆体要求不泌水,适当早强,减少受冻的可能性、微管的膨胀性。浆体搅拌时,不能用热水与水泥直接搅拌,水泥应保温,不露天存放。为了使浆体不泌水,适当早强采取以下方式:

a采用1000r/min的高速搅拌装置,降低水灰比至以下;

b增加保水性材料(如粉煤灰、硅灰)减少泌水;

c添加高效减水剂降低水灰比;

d应用毛细水泌水试验,检验浆体的泌水性能。

二、悬臂式现浇

1、悬臂式现浇一般要求

托架采取自支撑体系构件设计。墩身施工时按要求在墩身相应位置预先埋设托架钢桁件。结构需要经过严格的受力计算。托架预压:

(1)托架使用前对托架进行预压,以检测托架的强度及稳定性,同时测量托架的非弹性变形值和弹性变形值。

(2)预压的荷载大小按照托架承载的混凝土重量,然后再考虑施工荷载和施工的安全系数来计算。

(3)卸载的顺序按照压载的反顺序进行并且作好观测记录,对预压期间获得的数据进行分析,找出非弹性变形值和弹性变形值,归纳出回归方程作为调整立模变高的依据。挂篮设计:包括主桁架、底模平台、模板系统、锚固系统、走行系统设计满足施工荷载、稳定性、安全性、可操作性。

2、悬浇梁施工技术措施

技术措施:

(1)挂篮的安装运行及使用均为高空作业,要采取全面的安全保证措施;现场技术人员必须检查挂篮的位置、前后吊带、吊架及后锚杆等关键受力部位的情况,发现问题及时解决。

(2)检查预留孔位置的准确性及孔洞是否垂直;浇筑混凝土前后吊带用千斤顶顶紧,且受力均匀,以防承重后与已浇筑梁段产生错台。

(3)施工中加强观测标高,轴线及挠度等,整理出挠度曲线。

3、悬臂梁施工注意事项

悬臂段施工必须把安全工作放在头等位置。在施工中,除做好防护平台,安全网等措施外,特别要对施工人员进行交底,提高安全意识,避免可能出现的各种落物等危险因素。

三、加强桥梁施工质量管理

1、应重视结构的耐久性问题

桥梁在建造和使用过程中,一定会受到环境、有害化学物质的侵蚀,并要承受车辆、风、地震、疲劳、超载、人为因素等外来作用,同时桥梁所采用材料的自身性能也会不断退化,从而导致结构各部分不同程度的损伤和劣化,既影响了使用又增大了经济损失。

2、加强混凝土质量管理

首先,施工单位要严格按照国家建材标准采购材料,并由始至终地保证水泥材料的质量稳定、不变质,对于大体积混凝土,要采用水热化低的水泥;其次,在施工过程中,施工工人必须按照强度等级、抗渗等级配比混凝土,还有充分控制好混凝土入模时的温度,进行分层浇筑以及设计合理的养护措施,通过在混凝土表面覆盖草席、草帘等确保降低温度应力,避免混凝土出现温度裂缝;再次,在浇筑混凝土时一定要振捣充分,尤其是腹板内预应力管道比较集中的地方更要做到不欠振、不漏振,确保混凝土浇筑密实。

3、加强桥梁结构质量管理

首先,施工单位要仔细精确地做好测量工作,放线定位工作要做到准确无误,不能出现丝毫偏差。在桥墩、桥台施工完成后,要将桥梁的平面位置完全确定下来;其次,由于桥梁结构形式很多,施工工序和技术较复杂,要求的施工工艺较精确,因此,施工单位必须严格按照设计图纸进行施工,从混凝土的振捣、养生、到预应力的张拉等都要严格管理和控制,以确保桥梁结构的承载能力;再次,还要着重注意桥梁外观的美观平滑,不能出现由于施工手段的缺陷或混凝土振捣不均而引起的外观质量欠缺。

结束语

总之,在桥梁建设中,我们应该根据实际情况来选择适宜的施工方法和技术。现代桥梁建设的施工技术发展突飞猛进,不断地涌现出了先进的技术、设备和高科技材料。当然在建设的过程中我们会遇到各种新问题,这就需要我们不断探求新方法、新技术。

参考文献

[1] 徐君兰.大跨度桥梁施工控制[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000.

[2] 向木生,张世,张开银.大跨度预应力混凝土桥梁施工控制技术[J].中国公路学报,2002,10.

[3] 郝志刚.探讨桥梁施工技术与管理[J]. 科技信息. 2012(08)

[4] 柏冰,王灿彬.浅谈桥梁工程的施工技术与安全管理[J]. 科技创新导报. 2012(11)

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桥梁工程的论文

无论是在学习还是在工作中,大家都不可避免地要接触到论文吧,论文写作的过程是人们获得直接经验的过程。那么你知道一篇好的论文该怎么写吗?下面是我精心整理的桥梁工程的论文,欢迎阅读与收藏。

1、桥梁工程项目风险评估基本理论与方法

风险评估大致过程

通常的风险评估过程为:分析并辨认风险因素,从而预测未来会出现的风险性因素与事件,通过定量与定性两种方法对所辨认出的风险进行深入全面的论证,从而对风险因素进行分类,以及不同风险发生概率以及风险分布状况等等。各类风险的危害等级。利用单个与整体风险评估准则来分别分析单个项目风险以及整体项目风险大小,分析其是否可以被接受,以此来制定出科学而有效的解决对策,或者对工程项目实施科学的调整。

风险评估基本理论分析主要的风险评估理论主要包括:风险识别、风险估计、风险评价与决策。

(1)风险识别

就是利用科学的方法、途径和措施来全面、客观地判断、认识风险因素,并实施量化识别。桥梁构造与施工都相对繁杂,在有限的资料信息条件下,可以通过专家访问,问卷调查等模式进行估计分析,从中发现核心风险要素。

(2)风险估计

风险估计也是风险评估模式之一,具体体现为针对任意一风险来评估其出现的概率、可能带来的影响等等。具体涵盖两大点:概率估计与损失估计。第一,概率估计通过不断做试验,利用科学的统计学理论来计算分析。也可以立足于概率原理,将事件分析成基本事件,通过分析的形式加以计算。采用这两类方法最终获得概率数值是客观的、实际的,不被任何人的主观意识所左右,可以被叫做客观概率。现实的桥梁工程项目风险估计中,往往是资料信息不充足,手头掌握的有限信息量也无法付诸实验,这样就很难进行精准的预测、运算与分析,导致概率概数等也难以精准地得出,所采用的多数是主观概率,容易造成偏离客观现实,因此实际工作中最重要的就是提升估计的客观度。第二,损失估计损失估计多年来一直未被提上日程,然而,实际上对于桥梁工程项目来说是十分重要的,通常利用经济学方面的方法,通常对损失进行科学划分,分成几个小的类别,包括:直、间接损失、人身损害、环境损失等等,再分别计算出不同损失的具体数值。这样就能更加精准地计算损失数量,但是,却难以操作实施,不妨依然前面提到的方法,那就是聘请专家,凭借其技术、知识和经验来科学预测分析,再采用科学的计算、运算方法,提高估计的客观性。

(3)风险评估

立足于风险识别与估计,桥梁工程项目开始进行风险评价,创建一个全面覆盖的风险评级模型,着重分析风险概率与所带来的后果,从整体上核算出系统的风险数值。再参照风险接受规定与评价指标,来全面分析、综合评价系统的风险,从中分析出系统风险能否被承受,同时提出科学的风险应对策略与解决措施,从而确保桥梁工程项目建设能够在安全风险内开展。较为常用的风险评价法主要包括:权衡法、彻底规避法、风险评价综合方法等等。然而,桥梁工程项目建设施工是一项非常复杂的工作,会受到诸多因素、各种条件的影响。其中采用综合方法能够产生更好的效果和意义,对于桥梁工程项目来说,必须进行全面的风险因素综合分析。首先,依靠专家调查分析法,明确不同因素的风险概率,以及可能造成的损失大小。其次,参照不同因素的地位轻重、意义大小来定夺其加权系数。其次,在综合评价算法基础上,把隶属度同加权系数合并,最终算出风险大小。

(4)风险决策

一切风险识别、估计与计算最终的'目标都是为科学决策做铺垫,能够通过有效的决策方式来控制风险,减少风险的危害,根据风险评价指标来对决策方案作出科学的取舍,获得最合适、最优方案,并确保贯彻落实。

2、桥梁工程项目的风险评估过程

全面彻底分析并掌握即将投建施工的工程项目,明确基本信息,广泛搜集其相关资料,例如:工程所处位置、设计信息、气象条件、地质状况以及其他方面的资料信息等等。

(1)对评价层次单元与研究专题进行分类规划。

(2)对于不同评价单元未来预测出的风险事故加以归类、划分。

(3)深入而全面地总结探究不同事故风险发生原因、概率以及可能造成的后果等等。

(4)选择定量分析与定性评价相接结合的方法围绕风险事故展开评论与估计。

(5)针对不同的风险事故类型对应给予科学的控制性方法与策略。

(6)围绕不同评价单元风险展开评估与评价。

(7)把不同评价单元的评价集中整理,最终形成总体风险评价。

(8)获得最终的总结与经验。

(9)制定风险评估报告书。。

3、桥梁工程项目风险识别的依据

风险判断与识别是一项复杂又繁琐的工作,其中需要经历多个环节,涉及到多项复杂的工作,已经成为工程项目风险管理的必备前提,为了全面、彻底地预测出桥梁工程项目的风险,就要明确项目风险识别的依据,对于桥梁工程项目来说,主要从下面几点入手。

(1)工作经验

要想能够准确、全面、客观地识别工程项目风险,就需要工程项目人员具备全面、丰富的经验,在自身已有的工作经验基础上,来积极吸收和听取他人的想法和建议,从而做出科学、合理的取舍与选择。风险识别人员必须善于结合以往的工作经验,将曾经成功识别出的风险因素列入其中,从而提升风险的确定性。

(2)规划性资料

风险评价、预测与管理离不开一些规划性资料以及纲领性文件的支持,只有这样才能最初科学、合理的预测,工程项目的风险管理规划涵盖多方面的内容,例如:风险辨认、工作人员的安排、组织与规划等等,桥梁工程项目规划中也涵盖多方面内容,例如:项目投资、建设速度等内容。这两大规划性文件能够为风险的辨认与评价提供根据,这样才能促进风险识别工作的科学、完善、顺利进行。

(3)对桥梁工程项目风险进行分类

桥梁工程项目存在很多方面的风险,而且不同风险之间也会彼此影响、相互制约,为了有效控制风险,应该对不同风险进行归类划分,弄清不同风险的类型、原因以及可能带来的后果,从而对应采取有效的解决与应对策略,减少风险因素的出现或发生,创造出更加可观的经济效益。

4、总结

桥梁工程项目是一项复杂又繁琐的工程项目,其中存在多种复杂的风险因素,为了有效遏制风险、控制风险发生概率、减少风险造成的损失,就必须明确桥梁工程项目风险评估实用方法,选择科学合理的风险评估程序,从而提高工程项目的运作效率,获得更高的经济效益。

摘要 :随着我国的发展,公路桥梁成为重要的交通枢纽,它给我国的贸易经济往来提供了广阔的渠道,在我国的经济发展上起了很重要的作用。因此,我国在公路桥梁的建设上投入更多的人力和物力,在最大程度上保证公路桥梁的质量,目前我们在公路桥梁施工质量控制上还是存在很多的问题,相关施工技术也不是很成熟,本文就对这些主要问题进行剖析,并结合专业知识提出科学合理的优化控制方案,为推动我们的公路桥梁事业作出自己的贡献。

关键词 :公路桥梁工程;主要问题;质量;管理对策

我国目前对公路桥梁的施工技术和质量都十分重视,我认为两者是相辅相成的,只有在施工技术上得到提升,公路桥梁施工的质量才能从根本上有所提升,因此我们对两方面的不足要有一个深刻的认识,这样才能对症解决,从而促使我国的公路桥梁事业平稳持续的发展。

1、公路桥梁工程施工存在的主要问题

公路桥梁承载能力弱

我国的人口数目在不断的膨胀,人们的经济能力也在不断地提升,越来越多的人购置了私家车,公路桥梁的车辆通行的数目也就连年增加。凡事都有自己的最大承受限度,公路桥梁也不例外。长时间的超负荷使用,桥梁和公路的寿命大大缩短,其质量也就在使用中产生了巨大的安全隐患。而公路桥梁的承载能力比较低,就更加无法满足人们的使用需求,给人们的交通秩序带来一定的影响。公路桥梁的承载能力弱和它的施工技术是分不开的,这是施工技术不到位的体现。在施工过程中的不规范和一切细小的问题都会在时间中不断地放大,在后期的养护工作中的施工技术的不到位,也会缩短桥梁和公路的使用寿命。对一些路面病害的不及时处理也就导致了整个公路或桥梁的结构变化,一旦受到强大外力的作用下容易引起坍塌事故,给人们的人身安全带来隐患。

公路桥梁施工技术单一和不娴熟

虽然我国的公路桥梁技术发展已久,但由于中国古代的闭关锁国导致了公路桥梁的发展有所滞后,给我国现在的公路桥梁技术也带来了一定的影响。在公路桥梁的施工技术上还是显得单一,我国的施工建设人员对于地势较高的公路桥梁的建设来说,是比较缺乏工作经验的,这样就导致在实际的施工过程中引发施工技术不娴熟,在工期上也会有所延误。在施工材料上我国的处理技术还不是很发达,对于混凝土的强度和黏度没有根据实地环境来进行科学的设计,导致公路桥梁的质量不过关,对于山区的公路桥梁工程我们的建设人员缺乏抗震意识,在自然灾害来临时,给人们的财产和人生安全都会带来极大的损害。

公路桥梁施工中防震防沉技术

在地势崎岖的山区,建造公路桥梁的时候应该注意做好防震和防下沉工作。山区地势较高,在建造上本身就存在一定的难度,自然灾害的侵袭也比在平原的时候多,因此在施工材料上我们要选择防震能力强的材料,增强公路桥梁本身的质量水平。山区雨水也比较丰富,在雨水冲刷的时候容易造成软弱路基的形成,给公路桥梁造成损害,长期如此,整个地基就会下沉,公路桥梁的整体路面就会低于周边的路面。因此,加强防震和防沉工作,可以有效地延长公路桥梁的使用寿命,在质量上也能得到一定的提升。

2、公路桥梁质量管理对策

健全公路桥梁质量管理制度

我国公路桥梁质量管理制度虽然目前还不是很成熟,但我们企业需要对工程中易出现问题的地方作出硬性规定,这样在技术质量上就会得到保障。企业不仅要在公路桥梁的质量上做好制度的规定,还要时刻关怀施工建设人员的利益,在保障他们应有的利益前提下,他们才能没有负担的进行工作,在工作中才会带有积极性,在管理上也易于沟通,在操作技能上也会积极去提升,对于施工中的质量不合格处,对相应的建设人员作出罚款的行为,这样赏罚分明,才有助于加强公路桥梁的质量建设。

加强对施工场地安排的管理

因为公路桥梁建设的工程浩大,各种建筑材料和机器设备种类和数量多而杂,因此,我们应该专门设定一个人来对建筑材料和设备进行管理。在施工场地的安排上,需要根据施工程序的先后来确定大型施工设备的进场顺序,一来保证了施工的及时,二来使得施工场地秩序完好,减轻了施工现场交通拥堵的情况。对于施工的建筑材料,我们的专业管理人员应该清点好它的数量和种类,在质量上也要进行核对,在没有差错的情况下进行入库,并对一些材料进行遮光遮湿的处理,防止降低材料的自身性能。

加强公路桥梁施工材料的质量管理力度

施工材料的重要性不言而喻,只有做好施工材料质量上的把关,我们才能够对公路桥梁的质量有最基本的保障。在施工前期我们应该货比三家,对建筑材料进行质量的测试,并结合经济原则进行选购,在购买前对商家进行一定的了解,选择与具有质量检测过关证书的厂家合作,这样的合作才是长久地利益合作,才能保证双方的利益都不受损害。

严格公路桥梁竣工质量验收

在施工结束后,我们还要加强后期质量检测的工作,这是工程最重要的环节之一。因此提高监理工程师的工作效率是很重要的任务。监理工程师必须由专业检测人员担任,在自我素质要求上相对较高,在进行质量检测的时候首先要明确检测的内容及其标准,其次做好检测仪器的校对工作,最后严格全面的进行检测,在质量达标后才能将公路桥梁工程投入使用,这样就能在很大程度上提高了公路桥梁的质量。

3、结语

公路桥梁在我们的生活中扮演了很重要的角色,它不仅解决了我们生活中的交通问题,还给我们带来了繁荣的经济,因此我们要保障公路桥梁施工项目中的质量水平。而公路桥梁的质量水平应该从多个方面来进行提升,其中最重要的就是从施工技术上进行提高,不单单从材料上进行质量把关,更重要的是有新技术的突破,需要引进一大批建设人才来对目前的施工技术进行不断的提升,从而增强它们抗自然灾害的能力,在质量的控制上我们要从各个方面进行细化管理,落实到每道工序的质量监测,对于不合格工序一定要进行惩罚,以此来警醒每个施工建设人员,才能营造良好的施工氛围,达到优秀的施工质量。

参考文献

[1]葛振才.解析公路桥梁施工技术的不足及改进措施.山西建筑,2013(9):16.

[2]刘成德.论公路桥梁钻孔灌注桩施工质量控制.华章,2013(7):24.

[3]高雪磊.高速公路桥梁施工风险评估优化研究.长安大学,2013(8):31.

你去找下(土木工程、或者、交通技术)吧~

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