英语本科毕业论文老人与海

英语本科毕业论文老人与海

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《老人与海》桑地亚哥性格分析 ： 桑地亚哥，这个孤独的、失败的，但又有着胜利者冲动和坚强意志的老人进入了大海。毫无疑问，这将是两个世界的相遇与搏斗。一个孤独、破败，而又有着自己独特的性格与精神世界的苍老的生命，在与地球上最为狂暴的自然展开着惊心动魄的较量。日月星辰和浩瀚无边的大海，构成了这场较量壮阔辉煌的空间背景。桑地亚哥热爱着大海。因此，他总将大海视为女人。在他的心目中，“海洋是仁慈并十分美丽的”，但在另一方面，他又深知大海的“残暴”。所以我以为，他将大海视为女人，还有着另外的更深层次的原因，那就是他对大海男性一般的征服欲望。他与大海、与大马林鱼以及鲨鱼的殊死搏斗，正是这种征服的具体体现。 海上的桑地亚哥又一次突显出他的孤独、失败但又决不服输的性格与命运。仿佛他的一生，都在这次捕猎中得到了最为集中的体现。他在大海中自言自语，体验着深切的无助与孤独。他在与大鱼的搏斗中鲜血崩流、伤痕累累，还要与自己的饥饿、困乏，以及受伤与抽筋的肢体进行着自我搏斗。但正如他所说的：“一个人并不是生来就要给打败的。你尽可以毁灭他，可就是打不败他”，做一个渔夫，正是他“生来该干的行当”。他将一切都理解为自己必然承担的宿命。因此他靠自己的意志，最终杀死了大鱼，取得了胜利。 但他还是失败了。他在最后，只剩下了大鱼的残骸。而在精神的层面上，他却仍是胜利者。他和那条大马林鱼一样，即使遭到彻底的“毁灭”，只剩下尸骨，可仍然没有被“打败”。就是这样，海明威把现实人生的失败与苦厄转换与升华成精神的凯旋，并且给予了圣徒般的赞美。 桑地亚哥确实像圣徒。他在窝棚中悬挂的耶稣圣心图和科夫莱圣母图。他在搏斗中的祈祷。他和耶稣的门徒圣彼得所共有的渔夫身份。特别是他自始至终忍受痛楚的坚韧，他在上岸以后扛着桅杆的屡仆屡起，以及他在作品的最后“拉起毯子，盖住两肩，然后裹住了背部和双腿，两臂伸得笔直，手掌向上”这样的耶稣受难般的庄严形象，都显示出作家所刻意塑造的圣者气质。所以有学者指出“圣人般的桑地亚哥”的“头上几乎围绕着圣洁的光圈”，作品也因此具有了“宗教的或神秘的涵义”，〔3〕“是一首宗教诗”。〔4〕 可是毕竟，桑地亚哥并不是圣徒。他甚至“并不笃信宗教”。他的鲜明强烈的圣徒气质也许只是暗合，只是作家所刻意赋予的。〔5〕在他的世界中，有着那么多凡俗而又美好的事物。或者说，桑地亚哥的世界虽然孤独，但却并不自闭。他与人们，与他周围小小的渔村世界，甚至与广阔辽远的现代世界，均都息息相关。他与渔民、与那个名叫马诺林的孩子和睦相处并且深受他的爱戴。他在海上念念不忘的就是孩子。而他对报纸和收音机这样的现代事物，同样充满了喜爱与好奇。这是因为通过它们，他能够关注棒球比赛的信息。对桑地亚哥而言，关注孩子意味着关注未来，而关注棒球比赛，不仅寄托和呼应着他打败对手、渴望胜利的内在冲动，而且还喻示着他与更加广阔和更加现代的外部世界的精神联系。 就是这样，海明威不仅刻画了桑地亚哥的精神与性格世界，还很充分地展现了这样的世界与大自然的世界（海洋、海鸟、大马林鱼、鲨鱼，以及日月星辰）、作为小型社会的渔村世界（渔民、孩子）、更加广阔的现代世界（棒球比赛）和充满希望的未来世界（孩子），以及超越凡俗的神圣世界（他的祈祷和他的受难般的圣者形象）的精神联系，而这样的联系，无疑又进一步丰富和深化了他的精神与性格世界。桑地亚哥的世界，原来是这样的广阔、辉煌、博大与深邃！我想，这正是《老人与海》这部篇幅不长、情节简单的小说具有永远的艺术魅力的基本原因。 当然，《老人与海》的叙事艺术无疑是相当杰出的。一方面，它是海明威“冰山理论”的又一次极为成功的体现。他在谈到《老人与海》的创作时曾经说过：“《老人与海》本来可以写成一千多页那么长”，但他“总是根据冰山的原理去写它。关于显现出来的每一部分，八分之七是在水面的。你可以略去你所知道的任何东西，这只会使你的冰山深厚起来。这是并不显现出来的部分”。〔6〕在它简单的故事情节背后，深藏着我们前面所阐述的那样丰富而又博大的世界；另一方面，它像诗篇，像是一曲交织着沉郁、苦难、昂扬与庄严，甚至也不无明丽与柔情的气魄宏伟的交响曲。它从桑地亚哥的孤独与失败开始写起，依次书写他在出海之前与小男孩的交往、他的扬帆出海、他与大马林鱼及鲨鱼的搏斗、他的失败的返航，最后复归于他庄严的梦境。叙事从容不迫，有着“瀑布般倾泻的豪华、庄严的抒情段落，而节奏正表现在它的抑扬顿挫里”。〔7〕它的语言丰富多彩，不仅雅致冷峻、简洁有力，而且色彩鲜明，具有庄严伟岸的艺术风格。 （翻译） The old man and the sea "SangDeYa brother character analysis:SangDeYa elder brother, this lonely, failure, but also a strong will and the winner of the old impulses into the sea. Without doubt, this will be the world met with two fight. A lonely and dilapidated, and have their own unique character and spirit of the old world, in the life on earth and the most violent natural unfolding a thrilling fight. Stars and the vast expanse of the sea, constitute a game of space magnificent brilliant background. SangDeYa brother love the sea. Therefore, he will always sea as a woman. In his mind, "ocean's kindness and very beautiful, but on the other hand, he knew the sea" brutal ". So I thought, he will be the woman, there are also regarded as the deeper reason, it is usually to the sea of his desire to conquer men. He and the sea, and the big marlin and shark's bloody battle, this is the concrete embodiment of sea SangDeYa Jericho underlines once again he alone, but never failed to defeat the character and destiny. Like all his life, in the most concentrated in hunting. He in the ocean soliloquize, experiencing the deepest helpless and loneliness. In his battle with the blood flow, scars, collapse with his hunger, weary and injured and cramps body on self fights. But as he said: "a man is not made for defeat to destroy him. You can, but is he", a fisherman, he was born the dry up ". He will all be understanding to undertake the fate. So he himself will eventually kill fish, he failed. In the end, he left the wreckage of fish. But in the spirit, but he still is the winner. He and the big marlin, even by completely, leaving only "destruction" bones, but still has not been "beat". This is the reality of life, Hemingway's failure to convert and sublimate into bitter spirit of triumph, and give praise of the brother indeed like saints. He hung in the shack in the sacred and barzillai starkovs Jesus virgin. He fought in the prayer. His disciples of Jesus and the fishermen in st. Especially in his first endure pain, he landed on the toughness of the mast after carrying up, and his works in the final "pull up blanket cover two shoulder, back, and then wrapped up in arms and legs, stretched straight, palms up the crucifixion of Jesus" image shows a solemn, the writer intentionally shaping the holy temperament. So the researchers SangDeYa saint "of" head almost surrounded the aperture of the holy, so has the works or mystical religions, "meaning", 3) "is a religious poetry". [4]But after all, SangDeYa elder brother and not saints. He even "is not religious". His distinctive temperament of the saints, but maybe just agree with that writer painstakingly. [5] in his world, with so many ordinary but again good things. The world SangDeYa or lonely, but not although autistic. He and the people around him, and the world, even small village and javan, to the modern world wide and be closely bound up. He and the name, and the children get along and manolin deeply loved him. He is in the sea. But his newspaper and radio such modern things, also full of love and curiosity. This is because, with them, he can focus the baseball game. For SangDeYa elder brother, pay attention to children means focus on the future, and focus on the baseball game, not only he beat his opponent, the echo of the inner urge to victory, but also used his and broader and more modern spirit of the outside only that, Hemingway portrays the spirit and character SangDeYa world, also very fully show the world with the nature of the world (the big marlin, Marine, seabirds, shark, and stars as small society), the village children), (fishermen, broader modern world (baseball games) and hopeful future world (children), and beyond ordinary divine world (his prayer and his passion of the spirit of the holy image), and such contact, and further enriched and deepen his spirit and personality. The world SangDeYa is so vast, brilliant, broad and profound! I think this is the old man and the sea "this not long, the novel is always the artistic charm of the basic course, the old man and the sea "narrative art undoubtedly is quite outstanding. On the one hand, it is "iceberg theory" Hemingway once again extremely successful. He spoke in the old man and the sea "creation once said:" the old man and the sea "could have written more than a thousand pages long, but he always according to the principle of the iceberg" to write about it. Every part, appeared in the seven eighths. You can avoid you know anything, it will only make your tip. This is not deep, part of the "appeared. [6] in its simple storyline, hidden behind our front of so rich and broad world, On the other hand, it is like a poem, a song sullen, suffering, the enthusiasm and solemn, even not bright and gentleness vision magnificent symphony. It SangDeYa from the loneliness and failure in writing, began to write in the sea with his little boy before the contacts, and his setting sail, he and the big marlin and shark's struggle, he failed to return to his final solemn dreams. Narrative is a waterfall, luxury, pour a solemn lyric passages and rhythm is in its intonation. [7] its colorful language, not only elegant, simple and unadorned and bright colours, powerful, with solemn underfoot art style.

The old man and the sea "SangDeYa brother character analysis:SangDeYa elder brother, this lonely, failure, but also a strong will and the winner of the old impulses into the sea. Without doubt, this will be the world met with two fight. A lonely and dilapidated, and have their own unique character and spirit of the old world, in the life on earth and the most violent natural unfolding a thrilling fight. Stars and the vast expanse of the sea, constitute a game of space magnificent brilliant background. SangDeYa brother love the sea. Therefore, he will always sea as a woman. In his mind, "ocean's kindness and very beautiful, but on the other hand, he knew the sea" brutal ". So I thought, he will be the woman, there are also regarded as the deeper reason, it is usually to the sea of his desire to conquer men. He and the sea, and the big marlin and shark's bloody battle, this is the concrete embodiment of sea SangDeYa Jericho underlines once again he alone, but never failed to defeat the character and destiny. Like all his life, in the most concentrated in hunting. He in the ocean soliloquize, experiencing the deepest helpless and loneliness. In his battle with the blood flow, scars, collapse with his hunger, weary and injured and cramps body on self fights. But as he said: "a man is not made for defeat to destroy him. You can, but is he", a fisherman, he was born the dry up ". He will all be understanding to undertake the fate. So he himself will eventually kill fish, he failed. In the end, he left the wreckage of fish. But in the spirit, but he still is the winner. He and the big marlin, even by completely, leaving only "destruction" bones, but still has not been "beat". This is the reality of life, Hemingway's failure to convert and sublimate into bitter spirit of triumph, and give praise of the brother indeed like saints. He hung in the shack in the sacred and barzillai starkovs Jesus virgin. He fought in the prayer. His disciples of Jesus and the fishermen in st. Especially in his first endure pain, he landed on the toughness of the mast after carrying up, and his works in the final "pull up blanket cover two shoulder, back, and then wrapped up in arms and legs, stretched straight, palms up the crucifixion of Jesus" image shows a solemn, the writer intentionally shaping the holy temperament. So the researchers SangDeYa saint "of" head almost surrounded the aperture of the holy, so has the works or mystical religions, "meaning", 3) "is a religious poetry". [4]But after all, SangDeYa elder brother and not saints. He even "is not religious". His distinctive temperament of the saints, but maybe just agree with that writer painstakingly. [5] in his world, with so many ordinary but again good things. The world SangDeYa or lonely, but not although autistic. He and the people around him, and the world, even small village and javan, to the modern world wide and be closely bound up. He and the name, and the children get along and manolin deeply loved him. He is in the sea. But his newspaper and radio such modern things, also full of love and curiosity. This is because, with them, he can focus the baseball game. For SangDeYa elder brother, pay attention to children means focus on the future, and focus on the baseball game, not only he beat his opponent, the echo of the inner urge to victory, but also used his and broader and more modern spirit of the outside only that, Hemingway portrays the spirit and character SangDeYa world, also very fully show the world with the nature of the world (the big marlin, Marine, seabirds, shark, and stars as small society), the village children), (fishermen, broader modern world (baseball games) and hopeful future world (children), and beyond ordinary divine world (his prayer and his passion of the spirit of the holy image), and such contact, and further enriched and deepen his spirit and personality. The world SangDeYa is so vast, brilliant, broad and profound! I think this is the old man and the sea "this not long, the novel is always the artistic charm of the basic course, the old man and the sea "narrative art undoubtedly is quite outstanding. On the one hand, it is "iceberg theory" Hemingway once again extremely successful. He spoke in the old man and the sea "creation once said:" the old man and the sea "could have written more than a thousand pages long, but he always according to the principle of the iceberg" to write about it. Every part, appeared in the seven eighths. You can avoid you know anything, it will only make your tip. This is not deep, part of the "appeared. [6] in its simple storyline, hidden behind our front of so rich and broad world, On the other hand, it is like a poem, a song sullen, suffering, the enthusiasm and solemn, even not bright and gentleness vision magnificent symphony. It SangDeYa from the loneliness and failure in writing, began to write in the sea with his little boy before the contacts, and his setting sail, he and the big marlin and shark's struggle, he failed to return to his final solemn dreams. Narrative is a waterfall, luxury, pour a solemn lyric passages and rhythm is in its intonation. [7] its colorful language, not only elegant, simple and unadorned and bright colours, powerful, with solemn underfoot art style.

老人与海英语专业毕业论文

一艘船越过世界的尽头，驶向未知的大海，船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜，旗帜上，舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限！”作者海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的. 作品是没有局限的，作家却有局限的，作家的精神是没有局限的，作家的人却是有局限的，海明威留下思考的同时，他也留下了耐人寻味的话：我试图塑造一位真正的老人、一个真正的孩子、一片真正的海、一条真正的鱼和真正的鲨鱼。如果我能将他们塑造得十分出色和真实，他们将意味许多东西。正是所谓“文贵形似，窥情风景之上，钻貌草木之中。吟咏所发，志唯深远，体物为妙，功在密附。顾巧言切状，如印之印泥，不假雕削，而曲写毫芥。故能瞻言而见貌，即字而知时也。”“庄老告退，而山水方滋。情必极貌以写物，辞必穷力而追新，此近世之所竞也。”仿佛绘画，写实。这是最简单的，也是天生就会的，然而我最近才突然回想起来。我忘记的太久了。人总是熟视无睹。 读过的古今中外作品中，老是在想的就是这海明威的《老人与海》。即便是有一天，我把它的情节忘了，内容也忘了，形式也忘了，甚至把海明威也忘了；但我忘不了那老人与海，忘不了那一种抗争的场景，忘不了那绝不屈服的人的尊严和勇气。因为我时刻感觉到，生活就是那海，我要做的就是那老人，应该用海明威所赋予的那一种精神去生活。 桑提亚哥（Santiago）是个可怜的老头——看上去似乎是的。海明威(Hemingway）以自己精炼的语言塑造了这个形象，可以说，海明威并没有给予老人成功，却赋予老人在压力下优雅而坚韧的形象。 老渔夫在海上一无所获地漂流了84天后钓到了一条巨大无比的马林鱼（marlin），这是一条比他的渔船还长2英尺的鱼，是在拖着渔船整整两天两夜之后才被刺死的。老人的命运似乎并不成功，他又遭遇了鲨鱼，经过殊死的搏斗，马林鱼只剩下一副骨架。 骨骼是精神的支柱，海明威看似没有让老人桑提亚哥成功，却以光秃秃的骨骼奏出了老人生命的硬度。人很容易随遇而安的，深陷在沙发里的身子，是舍不得挪一挪的，沙发越软，陷得越深，越是懒得动。可生活如海啊，是不容让人懈怠的，平静的水面下暗藏的是急流，平静过去，又将是风景，而人往往也是在风浪的颠簸中才意识到危险感到恐惧，才想起自己的疏忽，才本能地需要抗拒。可是，想要征服海的人啊，你需要时刻警惕时刻谨慎，不要在危难的时候才显示出你是个好汉，要时刻撑好船，看好方向。 生活就是海，你就要做那位老人。 永不言败， 这就是《老人与海》告诉我们的。 一个人把生命都压了上去，与敌人做殊死的博斗，能不算英勇吗？我想鲨鱼正是宇宙间一切破坏性力量的化身，而老人正是正义的使者。 在人的一生中随时随地都存在这股破坏力量，人生是不停地循环着的，喜剧的落幕，不就是悲剧的上演；悲剧的落幕，也就意味着喜剧的再度登场。 人性是强悍的，人类本身有自己的限度，但正是因为有了老渔夫这样的人一次又一次地向限度挑战，超越它们，这个限度才一次次扩大，一次次把更大的挑战摆在了人类面前。在这个意义上，老渔夫桑地亚哥这样的英雄，不管他们挑战限度是成功还是失败，都是值得我们永远敬重的。 因为，他带给我们的是人类最为高贵的自信！ 回想起文中老人的话“人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能给打败”不正道出了本文的主题吗？人真的是很奇怪的动物，为何有勇气面对死亡，却没有勇气面对失败呢？难道失败真的如此可怕吗？冷冷的海风里夹杂着一股血腥，也许人真正害怕的可能是这些吧！ 自信，这就是《老人与海》告诉我们的。 人活着，唯一能确定的必然，就是走向死亡。除此之外，没有任何必然的东西可以依靠。既然人是靠偶然活着的，那么 支撑人生存勇气的，就只有自信了。如果丧失了自信，在持续那么多天的背运之后，桑提亚哥还有勇气和毅力出海捕鱼吗？因此人活着就必须自信，不自信是人消费不起的奢侈品。正因为桑提亚哥有着绝对自信，他对小孩被叫走，表示了完全的宽容和理解。在这里，海明威展现了自信与宽容之间的联系。 人生本来就是一种无止境的追求。它的道路漫长、艰难，而且充满坎坷，但只要自己勇敢顽强地以一颗自信的心去迎接挑战，他将永远是一个真正的胜利者！ “我和你奉陪到死”——这个硬汉面对挑战如是说。暗喻他自身的英雄主义所在，还有他趋向坚韧的力量。故事的头尾，都出现了名叫明诺林（Manolin）的男孩——他希望继承老人的事业。何止捕鱼的事业要被传承，这副铮铮铁骨又何尝不为我们所崇敬、所供奉、所学习呢。在老人的故事里为什么有这个孩子的出现？年轻，象征着力量和希望，即便是老人，他的内心同样是年轻的。文中多次描写到狮子，阿非利加海滩上，狮子在笑闹嬉戏，它们浮现在老人的梦中，一直在老人的心中，同样揭示了老人永远不会老的意志。 海明威的这部小说荣获了诺贝尔文学奖和普利策奖。这个骨头里留有几百块弹片的硬汉作家，恰当地写出了生命的强度，告诉我们怎么去面对生、老、病、死，告诉我们心该有多宽，如海一般。老人是孤独的，他是在理想的道路上前行的旅人，但他又是不孤独的，因为他的意志是那样的坚强。 不妨将鲨鱼看作打击，吃掉你的成功和幸福。但正如那孩子说的：“它没有打败你，它没有，一个真正的强者，只能被摧毁而不能被击败。

《老人与海》的叙事艺术分析这点我是可以理解的你懂我我意思多少字的要求

“一艘船越过世界的尽头，驶向未知的大海，船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜，旗帜上，舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限！”作者海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的。 《老人与海》塑造了一个经典的硬汉形象。古巴的一个名叫桑地亚哥的老渔夫，独自一个人出海打鱼，在一无所获的48天之后钓到了一条无比巨大的马林鱼。这是老人从来没见过也没听说过的比他的船还长两英尺的一条大鱼。鱼大劲也大，拖着小船漂流了整整两天两夜，老人在这两天两夜中经历了从未经受的艰难考验，终于把大鱼刺死，拴在船头。然而这时却遇上了鲨鱼，老人与鲨鱼进行了殊死搏斗，结果大马林鱼还是被鲨鱼吃光了，老人最后拖回家的只剩下一副光秃秃的鱼骨架。 海明威为什么没有让老人最终胜利呢? 用小说中老人的话来说：“一个人并不是生来就要被打败的”，“人尽可以被毁灭，但却不能被打败。”这就是《老人与海》想揭示的哲理。不可否认，只要是人就都会有缺陷。当一个人承认了这个缺陷并努力去战胜它而不是去屈从它的时候，无论最后是捕到一条完整的马林鱼还是一副空骨架，这都已经无所谓了，因为一个人的生命价值已在那追捕马林鱼的过程中充分地体现了。曾经为自己的理想努力追求过、奋斗过，难道他不是一个胜利者吗？老渔夫就是敢于挑战自身缺陷及自己勇气和信心的胜利者。从世俗胜利观的角度看，老渔夫不是最后的胜利者，因为尽管开始他战胜了大马林鱼，但是最终大马林鱼还是让鲨鱼吃了，他只是带着大马林鱼的白骨架子回到了岸上，也就是说，鲨鱼才是胜利者。可是，在理想主义者眼里，老渔夫就是胜利者，因为他始终没有向大海没有向大马林鱼更没有向鲨鱼妥协和投降。就如音乐大师贝多芬所说“我可以被摧毁，但我不能被征服”。 人性是强悍的，人类本身有自己的限度，但正是因为有了老渔夫这样的人一次又一次地向限度挑战，超越它们，这个限度才一次次扩大，一次次把更大的挑战摆在了人类面前。在这个意义上，老渔夫桑地亚哥这样的英雄，不管他们挑战限度是成功还是失败，都是值得我们永远敬重的。 因为，他带给我们的是人类最为高贵的自信！

The old man and the sea "SangDeYa brother character analysis:SangDeYa elder brother, this lonely, failure, but also a strong will and the winner of the old impulses into the sea. Without doubt, this will be the world met with two fight. A lonely and dilapidated, and have their own unique character and spirit of the old world, in the life on earth and the most violent natural unfolding a thrilling fight. Stars and the vast expanse of the sea, constitute a game of space magnificent brilliant background. SangDeYa brother love the sea. Therefore, he will always sea as a woman. In his mind, "ocean's kindness and very beautiful, but on the other hand, he knew the sea" brutal ". So I thought, he will be the woman, there are also regarded as the deeper reason, it is usually to the sea of his desire to conquer men. He and the sea, and the big marlin and shark's bloody battle, this is the concrete embodiment of sea SangDeYa Jericho underlines once again he alone, but never failed to defeat the character and destiny. Like all his life, in the most concentrated in hunting. He in the ocean soliloquize, experiencing the deepest helpless and loneliness. In his battle with the blood flow, scars, collapse with his hunger, weary and injured and cramps body on self fights. But as he said: "a man is not made for defeat to destroy him. You can, but is he", a fisherman, he was born the dry up ". He will all be understanding to undertake the fate. So he himself will eventually kill fish, he failed. In the end, he left the wreckage of fish. But in the spirit, but he still is the winner. He and the big marlin, even by completely, leaving only "destruction" bones, but still has not been "beat". This is the reality of life, Hemingway's failure to convert and sublimate into bitter spirit of triumph, and give praise of the brother indeed like saints. He hung in the shack in the sacred and barzillai starkovs Jesus virgin. He fought in the prayer. His disciples of Jesus and the fishermen in st. Especially in his first endure pain, he landed on the toughness of the mast after carrying up, and his works in the final "pull up blanket cover two shoulder, back, and then wrapped up in arms and legs, stretched straight, palms up the crucifixion of Jesus" image shows a solemn, the writer intentionally shaping the holy temperament. So the researchers SangDeYa saint "of" head almost surrounded the aperture of the holy, so has the works or mystical religions, "meaning", 3) "is a religious poetry". [4]But after all, SangDeYa elder brother and not saints. He even "is not religious". His distinctive temperament of the saints, but maybe just agree with that writer painstakingly. [5] in his world, with so many ordinary but again good things. The world SangDeYa or lonely, but not although autistic. He and the people around him, and the world, even small village and javan, to the modern world wide and be closely bound up. He and the name, and the children get along and manolin deeply loved him. He is in the sea. But his newspaper and radio such modern things, also full of love and curiosity. This is because, with them, he can focus the baseball game. For SangDeYa elder brother, pay attention to children means focus on the future, and focus on the baseball game, not only he beat his opponent, the echo of the inner urge to victory, but also used his and broader and more modern spirit of the outside only that, Hemingway portrays the spirit and character SangDeYa world, also very fully show the world with the nature of the world (the big marlin, Marine, seabirds, shark, and stars as small society), the village children), (fishermen, broader modern world (baseball games) and hopeful future world (children), and beyond ordinary divine world (his prayer and his passion of the spirit of the holy image), and such contact, and further enriched and deepen his spirit and personality. The world SangDeYa is so vast, brilliant, broad and profound! I think this is the old man and the sea "this not long, the novel is always the artistic charm of the basic course, the old man and the sea "narrative art undoubtedly is quite outstanding. On the one hand, it is "iceberg theory" Hemingway once again extremely successful. He spoke in the old man and the sea "creation once said:" the old man and the sea "could have written more than a thousand pages long, but he always according to the principle of the iceberg" to write about it. Every part, appeared in the seven eighths. You can avoid you know anything, it will only make your tip. This is not deep, part of the "appeared. [6] in its simple storyline, hidden behind our front of so rich and broad world, On the other hand, it is like a poem, a song sullen, suffering, the enthusiasm and solemn, even not bright and gentleness vision magnificent symphony. It SangDeYa from the loneliness and failure in writing, began to write in the sea with his little boy before the contacts, and his setting sail, he and the big marlin and shark's struggle, he failed to return to his final solemn dreams. Narrative is a waterfall, luxury, pour a solemn lyric passages and rhythm is in its intonation. [7] its colorful language, not only elegant, simple and unadorned and bright colours, powerful, with solemn underfoot art style.

老人与海毕业论文英文版

1936年4月，海明威在《乡绅》杂志上发表了一篇名为“碧水之上：海湾来信”的散文，其中一段记叙了一位老人独自驾着小船出海捕鱼，捉到一条巨大的大马林鱼，但鱼的大部分被鲨鱼吃掉的故事。早在1939年，海明威搬到古巴时，他就开始计划以此为素材，写一篇情节完整的故事放到他的某个小说系类中。（实际上，他去世后，这个系类里其他篇目作为《海流中的岛屿》的一部分发表出来） 《老人与海》，美国作家欧内斯特•海明威著。《老人与海》是海明威的代表作，也是一部象征性的小说。主人公桑地亚哥是一位老渔夫，他经过重重艰险，捕获了“一条不止一千五百磅重的大马林鱼”，可是在返航的途中，这条大马林鱼却被鲨鱼吃光了，桑地亚哥只拖回了一副鱼的骨架。小说对大海的凄凉景象，对老人的复杂心情与回忆，对老人与鲨鱼搏斗的情景以及他与一个孩子的友情，都作了极具特色的描写，可谓淋漓尽致、引人入胜。 欧内斯特•海明威（1899--1961年），美国小说家，1954年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，获奖之作就是《老人与海》。这部小说是根据一位古巴渔夫的真实经历创作的，以摄像机般的写实手法记录了桑地亚哥老人捕鱼的全过程，塑造了一个在重压下仍然保持优雅风度、在精神上永远不可战胜的老人形象。这部小说创下了人类出版史上空前绝后的一个纪录：48小时售出500万册，50小时售出530万册！ 当他被宣布为当年的普利策文学奖得主时，评论界一致称好。"人可以被毁灭，却不可以被打败。"海明威在《老人与海》里所说的话，不仅打动了读者，也征服了评论者。 1954年，因为海明威"精通于叙事艺术，突出地表现在他的近著《老人与海》之中；同时也因为他在当代风格中所发挥的影响"，海明威又获诺贝尔文学奖。"每一句话和每一段落，都要尽量写得简洁。"这是海明威写作的信条之一，这使得他的作品改编成电影的数量比任何其他一位获奖者都多. 小说以写实手法展现了捕鱼老人桑地亚哥在重压下仍保持的优雅风度，这种精神上永远不可战胜者成为文学史上最著名的"硬汉"形象之一。对于《老人与海》这本被译成几十种文字的作品， 海明威自己认为 "是这一辈子所能写的最好的一部作品"。 这本书讲了古巴的一个名叫桑地亚哥的老渔夫，独自一个人出海打鱼，在一无所获的84天之后钓到了一条无比巨大的马林鱼。这是老人从来没见过也没听说过的，比他的船还长两英尺的一条大鱼。鱼的劲非常大，拖着小船漂流了整整两天两夜，老人在这两天两夜中经历了从未经受的艰难考验，终于把大鱼刺死，拴在船头。然而在返航时不幸遇上了鲨鱼，老人与鲨鱼进行了殊死搏斗，最终，大马林鱼还是被鲨鱼吃光了，老人历经一番艰辛，最后拖回家的只剩下一副光秃秃的鱼骨架和一身的伤，可还是得到了人们的赞赏。

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一艘船越过世界的尽头，驶向未知的大海，船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜，旗帜上，舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限！”作者海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的. 作品是没有局限的，作家却有局限的，作家的精神是没有局限的，作家的人却是有局限的，海明威留下思考的同时，他也留下了耐人寻味的话：我试图塑造一位真正的老人、一个真正的孩子、一片真正的海、一条真正的鱼和真正的鲨鱼。如果我能将他们塑造得十分出色和真实，他们将意味许多东西。正是所谓“文贵形似，窥情风景之上，钻貌草木之中。吟咏所发，志唯深远，体物为妙，功在密附。顾巧言切状，如印之印泥，不假雕削，而曲写毫芥。故能瞻言而见貌，即字而知时也。”“庄老告退，而山水方滋。情必极貌以写物，辞必穷力而追新，此近世之所竞也。”仿佛绘画，写实。这是最简单的，也是天生就会的，然而我最近才突然回想起来。我忘记的太久了。人总是熟视无睹。 读过的古今中外作品中，老是在想的就是这海明威的《老人与海》。即便是有一天，我把它的情节忘了，内容也忘了，形式也忘了，甚至把海明威也忘了；但我忘不了那老人与海，忘不了那一种抗争的场景，忘不了那绝不屈服的人的尊严和勇气。因为我时刻感觉到，生活就是那海，我要做的就是那老人，应该用海明威所赋予的那一种精神去生活。 桑提亚哥（Santiago）是个可怜的老头——看上去似乎是的。海明威(Hemingway）以自己精炼的语言塑造了这个形象，可以说，海明威并没有给予老人成功，却赋予老人在压力下优雅而坚韧的形象。 老渔夫在海上一无所获地漂流了84天后钓到了一条巨大无比的马林鱼（marlin），这是一条比他的渔船还长2英尺的鱼，是在拖着渔船整整两天两夜之后才被刺死的。老人的命运似乎并不成功，他又遭遇了鲨鱼，经过殊死的搏斗，马林鱼只剩下一副骨架。 骨骼是精神的支柱，海明威看似没有让老人桑提亚哥成功，却以光秃秃的骨骼奏出了老人生命的硬度。人很容易随遇而安的，深陷在沙发里的身子，是舍不得挪一挪的，沙发越软，陷得越深，越是懒得动。可生活如海啊，是不容让人懈怠的，平静的水面下暗藏的是急流，平静过去，又将是风景，而人往往也是在风浪的颠簸中才意识到危险感到恐惧，才想起自己的疏忽，才本能地需要抗拒。可是，想要征服海的人啊，你需要时刻警惕时刻谨慎，不要在危难的时候才显示出你是个好汉，要时刻撑好船，看好方向。 生活就是海，你就要做那位老人。 永不言败， 这就是《老人与海》告诉我们的。 一个人把生命都压了上去，与敌人做殊死的博斗，能不算英勇吗？我想鲨鱼正是宇宙间一切破坏性力量的化身，而老人正是正义的使者。 在人的一生中随时随地都存在这股破坏力量，人生是不停地循环着的，喜剧的落幕，不就是悲剧的上演；悲剧的落幕，也就意味着喜剧的再度登场。 人性是强悍的，人类本身有自己的限度，但正是因为有了老渔夫这样的人一次又一次地向限度挑战，超越它们，这个限度才一次次扩大，一次次把更大的挑战摆在了人类面前。在这个意义上，老渔夫桑地亚哥这样的英雄，不管他们挑战限度是成功还是失败，都是值得我们永远敬重的。 因为，他带给我们的是人类最为高贵的自信！ 回想起文中老人的话“人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能给打败”不正道出了本文的主题吗？人真的是很奇怪的动物，为何有勇气面对死亡，却没有勇气面对失败呢？难道失败真的如此可怕吗？冷冷的海风里夹杂着一股血腥，也许人真正害怕的可能是这些吧！ 自信，这就是《老人与海》告诉我们的。 人活着，唯一能确定的必然，就是走向死亡。除此之外，没有任何必然的东西可以依靠。既然人是靠偶然活着的，那么 支撑人生存勇气的，就只有自信了。如果丧失了自信，在持续那么多天的背运之后，桑提亚哥还有勇气和毅力出海捕鱼吗？因此人活着就必须自信，不自信是人消费不起的奢侈品。正因为桑提亚哥有着绝对自信，他对小孩被叫走，表示了完全的宽容和理解。在这里，海明威展现了自信与宽容之间的联系。 人生本来就是一种无止境的追求。它的道路漫长、艰难，而且充满坎坷，但只要自己勇敢顽强地以一颗自信的心去迎接挑战，他将永远是一个真正的胜利者！ “我和你奉陪到死”——这个硬汉面对挑战如是说。暗喻他自身的英雄主义所在，还有他趋向坚韧的力量。故事的头尾，都出现了名叫明诺林（Manolin）的男孩——他希望继承老人的事业。何止捕鱼的事业要被传承，这副铮铮铁骨又何尝不为我们所崇敬、所供奉、所学习呢。在老人的故事里为什么有这个孩子的出现？年轻，象征着力量和希望，即便是老人，他的内心同样是年轻的。文中多次描写到狮子，阿非利加海滩上，狮子在笑闹嬉戏，它们浮现在老人的梦中，一直在老人的心中，同样揭示了老人永远不会老的意志。 海明威的这部小说荣获了诺贝尔文学奖和普利策奖。这个骨头里留有几百块弹片的硬汉作家，恰当地写出了生命的强度，告诉我们怎么去面对生、老、病、死，告诉我们心该有多宽，如海一般。老人是孤独的，他是在理想的道路上前行的旅人，但他又是不孤独的，因为他的意志是那样的坚强。 不妨将鲨鱼看作打击，吃掉你的成功和幸福。但正如那孩子说的：“它没有打败你，它没有，一个真正的强者，只能被摧毁而不能被击败。

The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s most enduring works and may very well become one of the true classics of this generation. It played a great part in his winning the Pulizer Prize in 1953 and the 1954 Novel Prize for Literature and confirmed his power and presence in the literary world. Hemingway is also one of my favorite writers. Besides The Old Man And the Sea, I have read some of his other works, such as The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms and The Snow of Kilimanijaro. But The Old Man and the Sea is the one that left the deepest impression on me. This novel mainly wrote one old person alone in marine fishes. He fished one big fish, tied up the fish head and the upper part of the body side the boat above. But he met the shark fish, the old person causes all one\'s skill and the shark fish fight, the shark fish the fish flesh which could eat all eats finished also has about 800 pounds. This book promulgates the truth, not showed the person how regardless of, most feared is does not have the confidence. The confidence is just like is the automobile motor, is power which the person goes forward. I first read this book when I was in my fifteens. And now I remember it just as well as if I had read it yesterday.

海明威老人与海毕业论文

《老人与海》中人物分析论文

一、语言风格与老人形象塑造

1.独特的语言风格

正是基于“这种创作上的保留态度，要求他在语言上的适应。正如海明威所说，好的散文就像一座冰山，它只能有一小部分露出在海面上。但冰山一定要停留在寒冷的北极海水里——否则，就要融化”的所谓创作理论，也正是基于深厚扎实的生活积累，海明威万中取一，以少胜多，以流畅、清澈、坚实、凝练的叙述语言和手法来塑造桑提亚哥这一鲜明丰满、情感丰富、内心刚毅的“硬汉子”形象，并把自己的情感和思想深蕴在这个富有多重象征意义的艺术形象之中。

2.体现语言风格的一位年迈而自信的老渔夫在故事的发展演绎中，作者通过桑提亚哥与小男孩的对话、在海上的内心独白、回忆、思索，以及熟练的捕鱼动作和惊心动魄的战斗场面等生动细致的描写，刻画出一位年迈体弱，在既定的失败和死亡面前毫不气馁、英勇无畏、不屈服于命运的渔夫形象。不仅从正面形象勾勒出老人独有的外貌特征，而且从老渔夫那“那海水一般蓝”的眼睛里折射出老人老而不衰、充满自信的性格特征。随着时间的延续，发现鱼、与鱼斗智斗勇、与鲨鱼的殊死搏斗等故事情节逐步展开，作者运用对比手法，借助于大马林鱼之狡诈、鲨鱼之凶残、搏斗之血腥“显出主体性格的深厚坚强”(黑格尔语)。即使是面对强大的敌人和死亡的威胁，他的意志也最终战胜了恐惧心理，对老人而言，生命的存在并不是第一位的;只有伟大人格的存在，只有保持男子汉的尊严才是第一位的。正如老人所说：人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能给打败。这就是作者寄托桑提亚哥这一艺术形象向读者昭示的硬汉子精神。同时也是海明威的人生宣言。

3.语言风格与性格特征

纵观整个作品，海明威似乎还是以新闻记者的身份，躲在“舞台侧翼”，极其平淡无奇、简约冷竣的“电报式”语言介绍桑提亚哥其人其事，叙述一件与己无关的捕鱼故事。一方面，作者让读者直接面对书中人物，亲自观察他们如何作为;另一方面，更为重要的是，这种语言风格很适宜表现老人那种孤高自傲、刚强无比的性格，因此也就越能够震撼读者的心灵和发挥理性的思考，越能突出老人的硬汉子形象和性格，越能深入地把读者拖入书中人物境界中，去作切身的感受。由此可见，桑提亚哥，这一体现“冰山理论”的艺术形象，正是海明威独特创作风格的生动展现。

二、体现海明威式的“硬汉子”形象

作为《老人与海》中的主角，桑提亚哥这条硬汉子，又是海明威一生坎坷的经历和自身 桀 骜不驯的性格在艺术上的折射反映。老人的身上无时不刻地有着海明威的影子。作为“迷惘的一代”的代表，海明威一生有着传奇般的经历。他曾参加过两次世界大战和西班牙战争，酷爱斗牛、打猎及各种各样的冒险活动。他的躯体伤痕累累(身上曾取下237块弹片)，精神上的屡屡创伤尽管像梦魇一般时时给他带来巨大的折磨和痛苦，但他仍然像个男子汉顽强地生活着，孜孜不倦地创作着，永不停止地探索着人生价值和人生轨迹……这些生活经历为海明威创造“老人”这样一个有血有肉、内心刚毅的硬汉子形象提供了多姿多彩的生活原型和创作素材。

这正如作者的儿子格雷戈里·海明威所说：“海明威笔下的主人公就是海明威本人，或者说是他身上最好的东西。他总是赢、输，他是受不了的。”难怪，海明威，这位美国文学史上的“老人”性格上的孤傲、自信、好斗、刚强的男子汉气概同桑提亚哥的性格和脾气如出一辙。从某种意义上讲，桑提亚哥是海明威的化身。

这里，还应该指出的是，桑提亚哥的形象之所以感人至深，另一个重要的理由是：海明威偏偏选择了一位体力衰竭、风烛残年的老渔夫作为硬汉子代表，而没有选择一个体格健壮、精力旺盛的年轻渔民充当作品的男主人公。这种出人意料的年龄选择，自有作者道理所在，也正是作者在人物塑造上独具匠心之处。

三、硬汉子的另一面：一位善良、质朴的老人

谈及作品中的桑提亚哥，人们常常注重于性格上“硬”的一面，却忽略了他在性格上所表露出来的温柔体贴的另一面。

处身于恶劣的自然环境，老人将无边无 垠 的大海比作一个女人，美丽又可爱;当作一位母亲，仁慈而体贴;他将自己的对手马林鱼称做“兄弟”，甚至想亲手喂喂它;老渔夫同情弱不禁风的小海燕，即使在海上紧张的搏斗中，也要同歇脚于船艄的“小鸟朋友”友好交谈。这种对弱者的同情、对对手的尊重与对凶恶的鲨鱼的憎恶形成了鲜明的对比。处身于复杂的社会环境，面对连续八十四天出海捕鱼一无所获的背运，面对小男孩父母的蔑视，老人却十分和善;即使拼死决斗而挣得的一副鱼骨架，也不忘了把鱼头送人钓鱼用;作品中老人与小男孩马诺林之间真挚友谊和交往，也正是体现老人纯洁、善良、慈爱的人生情感。

结语

尽管《老人与海》的故事外壳脱胎于一位古巴渔夫真实的海上经历，但是海明威借助于桑提亚哥这个普通劳动者的躯壳表达了一位年迈、孤单又迷惘的知识分子对人与自然关系、人与社会关系更深层次的思考和探索。并且，作者在硬汉形象的心灵世界融入善良的人性内涵，使得这一形象富有更强的精神魅力，使得艺术形象的感染力和内涵得到强化和充实;也正是来源于道德情感的精神魅力“作为一种心理力量撞击着人们的心灵”。

参考文献：

[1]余立三.海明威究竟是什么样的作家[J].外国文学研究，1986(2).

[2]游嘉胜.论《老人与海》形象主体的精神结构[J].河南师范大学学报，1994(5).

《老人与海》中象征主义分析

摘要 ：海明威在《老人与海》中运用其“冰山理论”的创作原则，处理人与自然斗争的这一重大题材，颂扬了人类“可以被摧毁、不能被打败”的伟大精神。论文通过对老人、大海、小男孩、大马林鱼等蕴涵的象征意义挖掘，全面深刻地把握海明威文学创作思想的精髓――象征手法。

关键词 ：老人与海;象征主义;冰山理论;海明威

Abstract : Hemingway used in the "Old Man" in its "iceberg theory" creative principle, the major themes deal with the struggle between man and nature, celebrate the human "can be destroyed, it can not be beat," the great spirit. Thesis for the elderly, the sea, the little boy, marlin and other big mining symbolic implication, comprehensive and profound grasp of the essence of the creative thinking of Hemingway - symbolism.

Keywords: Old Man; symbolism; iceberg theory; Hemingway

一、引言

欧内斯特・米勒尔・海明威(Ernest Hemingway，1899―1961)，美国小说家，“迷惘的一代”代表人物。《老人与海》塑造了以圣地亚哥为代表的“可以被毁灭，但不能被打败”的硬汉形象。文学评论家认为《老人与海》中的“硬汉”形象与文中描述的事件是海明威生活经历的真实再现。曾有评论家说“海明威的‘冰山’风格，即小说的创作手法就好比一座漂浮在海面上的冰山，有八分之一浮出水面，其余的则在水里。”① 我们读罢《老人与海》时，会发现这样的特点，浮出水面的那部分是象征手法的寓意，而剩下的八分之七则取决于读者的想象力。文中象征手法的纯熟运用充发展现了作者杰出的文学创作才华。

二、象征意义与冰川理论

(一)象征意义

象征的基本含义是用某种知觉或想象的图象标示来暗示某种不可见的意蕴，它可以通过意象来诱发欣赏者的经验和情感的表现，使文学作品产生强盛的生命力和永久的艺术魅力。作为现实主义作家，海明威深知此道，运用象征手法将抽象的思想变成具体的物象，再让读者从具体的物象激发经验想象和情感的表现，去挖掘其中的意蕴。

(二)冰川理论

1932年，海明威在他的纪实性作品《午后之死》中，提出著名的“冰山原则”。他以“冰山”为喻，认为作者只应描写“冰山”露出水面的部分，水下的部分应该通过文本的提示让读者去想像补充。他说：“冰山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为他只有八分之一在水面上。”文学作品中，文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一”，而情感和思想是所谓的“八分之七”。前两者是具体可见的，后两者是寓于前两者之中的。

三、故事情节的象征意义

《老人与海》讲述的故事是：老渔夫桑迪亚哥独驾孤舟在大海捕鱼。连续84天都一无所获.在第85天他遇到了一条比船还大的马林鱼。经过三天三夜的生死

搏斗，老人终于将其捕获。不料返航途中遭到了一群鲨鱼的进攻。他们围绕着绑在船弦边的马林鱼你争我夺。尽管老人奋力拼搏，也无济于事，最后老人拖着疲惫的身体，仅将光秃秃的马林鱼骨架带回了小茅屋。这就是小说《老人与海》的全部情节。然而就是这样一部“简单”的小说却能深深影响欧美文坛，震撼数亿读者心灵，重要原因之一就是小说看似简单的故事却包含着多层次、复杂而深刻的象征意义。老人桑迪亚哥是人类的缩影，海是老渔夫活动的舞台之一，出海捕鱼是与大海抗争、不屈于命运、积极奋争的象征。《老人与海》故事象征的是人类同大自然抗衡的故事。尽管大自然力大无比、坚无不催，人类凭借坚韧的意志力、自信、勇敢、不屈不挠、永不言弃、战胜自我的精神，不断向成功靠近，最终成为精神上的胜利者。《老人与海》颂扬的是“可以被摧毁，但不能被打败”的人类伟岸品质。

四、主人公圣地亚哥既是“生命英雄”的象征，也带有宗教的象征意义

老渔夫桑迪亚哥连续84天没钓到一条鱼，一直坚持到第87天终于降伏了一条比船还大的马林鱼。老人奋力与群鲨搏斗，而马林鱼只剩一副骨架。在与大海、大马林鱼和鲨鱼的较量中，老人身体的虚弱、疲惫、�小、年迈和他面对困难时表现出来的自信、勇敢、忍耐、执着、自控、强悍的英雄形象形成强烈对比，极其震撼人心。光秃秃的马林鱼骨架奏出了老人生命的硬度，也是精神的硬度。他敢于向人生的种种磨难宣战，向人的生命的极限挑战并超越它。

同时，桑迪亚哥的身上带有浓厚的基督色彩。桑迪亚哥以前曾87天出海一无所获。现在又遇到了84天捕不到鱼的“背运”，加上海上拼搏的3天又凑成了87的数字。这是一个非常有趣的数字，因为耶稣在旷野之地受魔鬼的考验，40天水米未进，之后的40天又遭遇了各种各样的苦难，在后来的一周便是被钉死在十字架上然后复活。前后加在一起恰恰也是87天。除了这隐藏的数字信息，海明威还在小说的后面部分描写老人回到小茅屋后的`情形时写道： “脸朝下躺在报纸上.手心朝下两只胳膊伸得直直的”，俨然一副基督受难的姿态。 这些描写似乎象征着“以耶稣的受难、复活暗示一切信仰宗教的人们都将蒙受巨大的灾难，但终将获得精神上的再生”。

五、小男孩曼诺林象征人类的智慧和精神将代代相传

由于老人一个人在小划艇里捕了八十四天鱼而无收获，小男孩的父母就迫使他离开老人。然而，当小男孩赚了一些钱之后，他又决定回到老人身边。每当老人黎明之前出海捕鱼时，他总会说：“Then if you look something truly big we come to your aid.”在捕杀大马林鱼和与鲨鱼的斗争过程中，老人总是一次又一次地叫喊着小男孩的名字。“How I wish the boy were here”这句话在这篇小说里出现了许多次，这表明了小男孩对老人是多么的重要。当老人从海上回来时，他没有带回一条鱼，而仅仅是一根大马林鱼的骨架，此时男孩并没有像其他渔夫那样嘲笑他，而是安慰老人：“We will fish together now for I still have much to learn”。这两个人的性格、兴趣爱好、斗志雄心是如此类似，以至于我们可以把他们当一个人来看待。“这个老人的过去和未来一幕幕全反映在小男孩的身上，并用一种不可比拟的精神力量使他精力充沛。”②男孩决定陪着老人一而再、再而三出海捕鱼，象征着人类的智慧和精神力量将会代代相传，小男孩也象征着将来人类一定会取得最终的胜利。

六、马林鱼骨架象征伟大意志的胜利

圣地亚哥在海上捕鱼87天，杀死了巨大的大马林鱼。为保护大马林鱼，老人同疯狂的鲨鱼展开了殊死的搏斗。最后，大马林鱼还是被吃光了，仅留下一具巨大的骨架。老人又一次无功而返。然而这次几乎以他的生命为代价的搏斗显然已经超出了老人的本来意图，发展成为对一种精神的追求。虽然在一般人的眼里，这具骨架只是一堆有待清理的废物，对老人而言，却意味着巨大的成功――一种精神上的胜利。这种胜利是他不可动摇的意志的象征，是敢于面对并挑战失败和死亡的象征。

七、其他象征意义

在《老人与海》中，还有多处具有象征意义。大海象征人生的搏斗场，是人类社会的剪影。大马林鱼象征着老人理想的追求之物，而老人对大马林鱼的征服，则表明了人类要实现自己的理想必须克服许多困难和阻碍。鲨鱼主要代表一切破坏性的力量，是掠夺成性、制造灾难，阻止人们达到理想境界的各种破坏性恶势力的象征。老人魂牵梦萦的“那群狮子”表现出的无所畏惧的勇气和坚忍不拔的奋斗精神，代表旺盛的生命力和青春，象征老人对力量的追求和对强者的向往。

八、结语

《老人与海》象征手法的运用是海明威“冰山”风格的完整体现。小说以简洁的语言、短小的篇幅、简单的故事情节塑造一个硬汉的形象。老人圣地亚哥、小男孩、大海、马林鱼、鲨鱼、群狮等被赋予丰富的象征和寓意，所谓“言犹尽而意无穷”。整部作品内涵丰富、寓意深刻。颂扬了“可以被摧毁，但不能被打败”的人类伟岸品质。为人类文学宝库增添了新的具有积极意义的形象。

参考文献：

[1] Ernest Hemingway. 南京: 译林出版社，2001.

[2]Highlights of American Literature，United States Information Agency Washington， 1971 Book Ⅳ.

[3] Ni Fang. Symbolic Means of the Author “The Old Man and the Sea”, Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2004-20(4): 103-104.

一个人的《老人与海》——结合海明威传记分析《老人与海》象征性[论文摘要]《老人与海》是海明威一生的创作的结晶，是思想和艺术的总结。这是故事简单、篇幅不大的作品，但含义丰富。评论家说：“这个朴素的故事充满了并非卖弄的寓意。作为一篇干净利落的”陈述性”散文，他在海明威中全部作品中是无与伦比的。每一个词都有他的作用，没有一个次是多余的”。本文旨在结合海明威的成长传记分析《老人与海》中各种意象的象征意义。[关键词] 《老人与海》 大马林鱼 大海孩子 狮子 老人 象征意义一、海明威生平与创作经历1899年7月21日，欧内斯特·海明威出生在世界五大湖之一的密执安湖南岸，一个叫橡树园的小镇。家里一共有六个孩子，海明威是第二个，直到16岁时他才如愿以偿得到一个弟弟。母亲很有修养，热爱音乐。父亲是一位杰出的医生，又是个钓鱼和打猎的能手。海明威3岁时，父亲给他的生日礼物是一根渔竿儿；10岁时，父亲送给他一支一人高的猎枪。父亲的影响使海明威终生充满了对捕鱼和狩猎的热爱。海明威29岁时，父亲因为糖尿病和经济困难，用手枪自杀了。14岁时海明威在父亲支持下报名学习拳击。第一次训练，他的对手是个职业拳击家，海明威被打得满脸鲜血，躺倒在地。但是，海明威并没有退缩，并坚持到底，拳击技艺不断提高，最终拳击成为海明威最热爱的运动，并伴随他终生。中学毕业以后，海明威不愿意上大学，渴望赴欧参战。因为视力的缘故未被批准。他离家来到堪萨斯城，在《堪萨斯明星报》做了见习记者。在这里他学到了最初的文字技巧。明星报对于文字有110条不得违反的规定，“要用短句”，“用活的语言”，“用动词，删去形容词”，“能用一个字表达的不用两个字”，等等。海明威专心致志，很快掌握了新闻写作的技巧，并形成了自己的文字风格。1918年5月，海明威如愿以偿，加入了美国红十字战地服务队，来到第一次世界大战的意大利战场。7月初海明威在战场上为拯救一个意大利士兵而被炮击伤，一个膝盖被打碎，身上中的炮弹片和机枪弹头多达237块。他一共做了13次手术，换上了一块白金做的膝盖骨。有些弹片没有取出来，到死都留在体内。他在医院里躺了3个多月，接受了意大利政府颁发的十字军功勋章和勇敢勋章，这时他刚满19岁。1950年圣诞节后不久，海明威在古巴哈瓦那郊区的别墅“瞭望山庄”动笔写《老人与海》（起初名字为《现有的海》，是一部“写陆地、海洋与天空”的长篇小说的第四部分也是结尾部分），到小说结尾，前后仅八周时间。但是仅仅八周时间里，海明威这位世界文豪写出了“这一辈子所能写的最好的一部作品”。《老人与海》全文仅2万6000余字，作品的故事极其简单，写古巴老渔夫桑提亚哥在连续八十四天没捕到鱼的情况下，终于钓到了一条巨大的马林鱼，但这条鱼实在太大，经过三天的搏斗才制服它，筋疲力尽的老人将马林鱼绑在小船的一边，在归途中再次遭到鲨鱼的袭击，最后回港时只剩下鱼头鱼尾和一条脊背。作品取材于真人真事，写作手法上延续了海明威一贯的含蓄简洁的语言风格、丰厚的内在情蕴、象征和寓意的表现手法。1952年，《老人与海》获得美国文坛最富盛名的普利策奖。12年前，由于一个权威人士的反对，海明威的《丧钟为谁而鸣》与普利策奖失之交臂，而那年的普利策奖也因此空缺，12年后，海明威终于用他无可挑剔的作品位自己赢得了尊重。1954年，海明威由于《老人与海》中体现了人在“充满暴力与死亡的现实世界中”表现出来的勇气而获得1954年的诺贝尔文学奖，获奖原因是：“因为他精通于叙事艺术，突出地表现在他的近著《老人与海》中，同时也由于他在当代风格中所发挥的影响。1961年7月2日清晨，海明威在他的“瞭望山庄”把自己最心爱的猎枪放进口中，扣响了他人生中最后的一枪。海明威对自己的作品感到非常满意，在给出版社编辑的信中说，“现在发表《老人与海》可以驳倒认为我这个作家已经完蛋的那一派批评意见。”并认为这是自己“是这一辈子所能写的最好的一部作品了”，“恐怕以后再也写不出这么精彩的作品”。果然，在海明威生命的最后岁月里，再也没有任何创作，《老人与海》成了海明威的绝唱。因此研究《老人与海》对研究海明威有重大的指导意义。《老人与海》是一部人生的寓言。.尽管海明威在给朋友的信中写道：“没有什么象征意义的东西。大海就是大海，老人就是老人。男孩就是男孩，鱼就是鱼。鲨鱼就是鲨鱼。。。。。。人们说什么象征意义，全是胡说。”但是他又曾经说过：“我试图塑造一位真正的老人，一个真正的男孩描写一片真实的海，一条真实的鱼和一些真实的鲨鱼，如果我能将他们塑造出色的好，把它们描写的足够真实的活，他们会意味着许多东西”。从书中的种种景象来看，作者显然有意煞费苦心的把多层次的涵义融合到一个简单的故事中。二、《老人与海》象征性分析《老人与海》

“一艘船越过世界的尽头，驶向未知的大海，船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜，旗帜上，舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限！”作者海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的。 《老人与海》塑造了一个经典的硬汉形象。古巴的一个名叫桑地亚哥的老渔夫，独自一个人出海打鱼，在一无所获的48天之后钓到了一条无比巨大的马林鱼。这是老人从来没见过也没听说过的比他的船还长两英尺的一条大鱼。鱼大劲也大，拖着小船漂流了整整两天两夜，老人在这两天两夜中经历了从未经受的艰难考验，终于把大鱼刺死，拴在船头。然而这时却遇上了鲨鱼，老人与鲨鱼进行了殊死搏斗，结果大马林鱼还是被鲨鱼吃光了，老人最后拖回家的只剩下一副光秃秃的鱼骨架。 海明威为什么没有让老人最终胜利呢? 用小说中老人的话来说：“一个人并不是生来就要被打败的”，“人尽可以被毁灭，但却不能被打败。”这就是《老人与海》想揭示的哲理。不可否认，只要是人就都会有缺陷。当一个人承认了这个缺陷并努力去战胜它而不是去屈从它的时候，无论最后是捕到一条完整的马林鱼还是一副空骨架，这都已经无所谓了，因为一个人的生命价值已在那追捕马林鱼的过程中充分地体现了。曾经为自己的理想努力追求过、奋斗过，难道他不是一个胜利者吗？老渔夫就是敢于挑战自身缺陷及自己勇气和信心的胜利者。从世俗胜利观的角度看，老渔夫不是最后的胜利者，因为尽管开始他战胜了大马林鱼，但是最终大马林鱼还是让鲨鱼吃了，他只是带着大马林鱼的白骨架子回到了岸上，也就是说，鲨鱼才是胜利者。可是，在理想主义者眼里，老渔夫就是胜利者，因为他始终没有向大海没有向大马林鱼更没有向鲨鱼妥协和投降。就如音乐大师贝多芬所说“我可以被摧毁，但我不能被征服”。 人性是强悍的，人类本身有自己的限度，但正是因为有了老渔夫这样的人一次又一次地向限度挑战，超越它们，这个限度才一次次扩大，一次次把更大的挑战摆在了人类面前。在这个意义上，老渔夫桑地亚哥这样的英雄，不管他们挑战限度是成功还是失败，都是值得我们永远敬重的。 因为，他带给我们的是人类最为高贵的自信！

海明威的《老人与海》讲述了一个极为简单的故事，这是一篇让看过它的人都感动其中、感悟其中的故事：主角人物是一位圣地亚哥的老渔夫,配角是一个叫马诺林的小孩。这位风烛残年的渔夫一连八十四天都没有钓到一条鱼,几乎都快饿死了;但他仍然不肯认输,而充满着奋斗的精神,终于在第八十五天钓到一条身长十八呎,体重一千五百磅的大马林鱼。大鱼拖着船往大海走,但老人依然死拉着不放,即使没有水,没有食物,没有武器,没有助手,而且左手又抽筋,他也丝毫不灰心。经过两天两夜之后,他终于杀死大鱼,把它拴在船边。但许多小鲨立刻前来抢夺他的战利品;他一一地杀死它们,到最后只剩下一支折断的舵柄做为武器。结果,大鱼仍难逃被吃光的命运,最终,老人筋疲力竭地拖回一副鱼骨头。他回到家躺在床上,只好从梦中去寻回那往日美好的岁月,以忘却残酷的现实的老人和拼死也要活口的鱼类的时候看《老人与海》这本节的时候，我会经常性的感觉到老人仿佛是海中一条久经沙场的大鱼，也许这样的形容不准确，或者说老人就是海，可却是历尽沧桑的海。老人的眼睛如文中所提一样，时间在变老，可那双眼睛却像海水一样蓝，是愉快的，毫不沮丧的。风吹向空寂的海面，一个孤独的老人拖着疲惫不堪的身子漂泊在茫茫的海面上活像个大战后的勇士。为了治服那条庞大的马林鱼，他已经费下了自己近乎所有的力气。而今，他带着自己捕获的大鱼航行回家，他希望运气的眷顾，可那些不断袭来的鲨鱼却让这个老人在疲累中一次又一次的奋力作战。他什么也顾不得了，他只是想保住他的鱼，哪怕剩下的再少。海明威让这个老人具有了一种不可征服的精神力量。他一次又一次地用他那双伤痕累累的手将粗陋的武器刺进鲨鱼的头颅。即使最终的结果仍是只剩下那十八英尺的鱼骨架。从老人的身上，我们不难看出海明威想要传达给我们的那种灵魂的尊严在茫茫黑夜的巨浪中，弱小的人类与强大的自然在奋勇抗争，如同面对命运莫测的人生

老人与海英文论文文献

参考文献，直接点击下载Tragic Form in A Farewell to ArmsR Merrill - American Literature, 1974 The Old Man and the Sea: Hemingway's Tragic Vision of ManCS Burhans Jr - American Literature, 1960 in the Dark: Hemingway, Strater and The Old Man and the SeaM Culver - Hemingway Review, 1992

"A man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed, is he." - the old man and the seaPersonal attention-seeking means everyone is longing for his ability to get others to his attention, the 1899 was born in America, his life character, brave, strong combative have a strong tendency of personal heroism. In Europe, gun battle. In the African jungle to catch ferocious beast, in the ring to master the challenge. Also in his fiction is full of war, fighting, love sport, and tourism. The author of the character of his works is the old man and the sea ", in this work embodies a confident, daring to challenge the fate of courage, show the fighting spirit. This work was huge, even as the church , Hemingway's works in many so-called "heroics" composition, more is the bursting of the emotion, Hemingway other piece like "the sun also rises," "A farewell to arms", "short fiction works", the "garden of Eden", "A Movable Feast" etc, can say "and" personal attention-seeking "almost touch on can then consider the topic. If the old man and the sea ", the following reference analysisOutstanding performance:One is to human life. Look! The roar of the shark, aggressive resembles, but not a ChuiMu into the old man! Old man with despair, hunger in battle, heart always in silently thoughtfully: people were not born to overthrow. It is one of life's tenacity and strong embody!2 is the ultimate meaning of life works. Consider, old man with hunger, cold, dark, don't say to work by a fishbone empty? Man is completely cut off line is easy, but he has no! He is in trouble with the strong competition in battle,! YuSiWangPo rather too obstinate. Old man and the sea and in the volatile, completed the people's life force. Here is the success in said: "life is born, the brilliance of itself, not in a dead results - - - - - - - - the heel in cardiac alive!Three QuanZhu work is the concept of "success". The win on the material can be secular sense of success, but not necessarily successful life. If the life as a business to succeed, then, the life first should be perfect personality. Xiang is a loser, but he is recognized as the hero, Liu, but still seized by one as "surabaya rogue". If the solemn, farewell to the significance of human works embodies the spirit of America's western values and. Adventure and heroics usually for the beauty of the old man, San Diego small fishing boat to upload the mayflower "in" the same spirit, namely: can I failed, but you destroy me, I always strive for a breakthrough. Reason: the nationality of works for the works of a is the work presents a new dialogue between man and nature. "The old man and the sea" dialogue ", is weak and strong, loneliness and noise, winning and losing dialogue, it is different from the dialogue with the island, Crusoe is some life. Shark, the sea is spoiled, and the spirit of land for long. People in turbulent waves, and in living in the region, is absolutely called?6 is the product of work is personified. This course should brush, chicheng frankly. As is known to all, Hemingway's life in nature, good adventure. Challenge vitality He thought, no power of life. He hates to human desires, lust, and love, he often bypass the crowd around, magical place hunting, war, piao sentiment. Because of this, he mentally alone in the sea as fighting with the old man of sharks. However, he was born, until picked a secular evil theory with empty, only to double fishbone tube rifle issued a warning to the is a novel, but also can take it as a fable. Hemingway sing out here to humans fighting spirit stubborn. The novel is optimistic note and the end. Through the boy will once again with a new man, to fight and a new , of course, we should also realize that as a bourgeois individual Hemingway's limitations. He neither see, see the way society, the strength of the masses, he is in a weak foothold to personal struggle spirit came. Consequently, he failed to hero is only the hero. The old man and the sea "optimism is wide dark a glimmer of the air, and throughout the is a melancholy throughout the old man is a real image, or if the employee is but a critics say a laborer appearance of Hemingway's intellectuals? We think that is a - the true image of laborer, though, may be slightly. The writer is a true to his characters will simply as his mouthpiece. If Santiago only cosmetic of Hemingway, this novel won't have such power of moving. Santiago's thoughts and feelings and not beyond him such a laborer of thoughts and feelings. He in the boundless sea battle with fish, fish that will both as the enemy and as a brother's mood, should be understood and experience. In Hemingway's this old man is not a profound social content, but are faithful and the old man Santiago is a writer Ernest Hemingway's shadow. His son Gregory Hemingway wrote in a memoir, "Hemingway's hero is Hemingway himself, or his best." This is right. We work in some of the many characters are seen writers of his own shadow. But, in the novel "the old man and the sea", we felt in the thoughts and feelings with Hemingway, Santiago is more closely together, he loves him, sing praises to him, he entered the ", "the old man in the sea, feeling and sentiment is he to experience. In a sense, and from a certain Angle, the old man is Hemingway incarnation. But this is not to say ahead of us is a real art image that YiJiuErLiuNian, Hemingway published "the sun also rises," in this novel, he expressed in the first world war, the part of the American young intellectuals deep despair of reality. He therefore "lost generation" of the identity of the representative by notice, and some people will this novel as a "lost generation" declaration. Since then, he has been in his life and society. He attended the struggle against Spain franco. His works have exposed in the dark, capitalism had antifascist enthusiasm. His sympathy for China's Anti-Japanese War. He is a serious, right-minded writer. But, he always can not out of the circle, and individualism, never get rid of pessimism. Although "lost generation" as a literary genre in in the 1930s has collapsed, after the age from thought, said Hemingway is still a "lost". From the surface, Hemingway is a made great achievements, Fraser shatter his reputation, status, money. He is bold and unconstrained, open-minded, generous. But another Hemingway that he didn't see the real human way. And, as in war, it had a few times impaired his health. And he is old, writing more and more difficult. His heart is depressed, YiYu, doleful. In the boundless hugecrowd struggle, ups. The old man and the sea "is his soul essence of certain things. He not only in the old Santiago's body to his life on the feeling, also be the heroic man to motivate yourself as the to his son, Hemingway later in writing up has less easily. "The past is a water Wells, and now have the water pump.... he is no longer poet..., he became a workman, blame your destiny, sigh he's going into * entangles! � times first-come-first-served basis of dam Lei if ⊙ based Ge He lie � * his genius and back, which gives birth to a masterpiece (refers to the old man and the sea"), although not quite, but the scale, insight, and full of love and truth." Anyway, we can agree on the subject, because love, because of the ground with object close together, is the novel can obtain some achievements and can move one of the important reasons. -- but generally he is getting on in writing. So he had to say such words: "I wrote the book. I can't finish line." "I've been in this damned desk before... but I can't write out. It's not written. You know, I can't." His son say: "he always tries to win. He was lost, the". He's an old friend Malcolm, says: "if he can't write, he didn't want to live." In 1961, with a rifle bullets ended his life. I'm afraid I can't just explain for disease, it should also praised his old Santiago heroism another expression. However, we can also be considered that in the boundless huge crowd to struggle, the individual heroes who toil in a bell, their personal power loss after all, just to see more hope.

1936年4月，海明威在《乡绅》杂志上发表了一篇名为“碧水之上：海湾来信”的散文，其中一段记叙了一位老人独自驾着小船出海捕鱼，捉到一条巨大的大马林鱼，但鱼的大部分被鲨鱼吃掉的故事。早在1939年，海明威搬到古巴时，他就开始计划以此为素材，写一篇情节完整的故事放到他的某个小说系类中。（实际上，他去世后，这个系类里其他篇目作为《海流中的岛屿》的一部分发表出来） 《老人与海》，美国作家欧内斯特•海明威著。《老人与海》是海明威的代表作，也是一部象征性的小说。主人公桑地亚哥是一位老渔夫，他经过重重艰险，捕获了“一条不止一千五百磅重的大马林鱼”，可是在返航的途中，这条大马林鱼却被鲨鱼吃光了，桑地亚哥只拖回了一副鱼的骨架。小说对大海的凄凉景象，对老人的复杂心情与回忆，对老人与鲨鱼搏斗的情景以及他与一个孩子的友情，都作了极具特色的描写，可谓淋漓尽致、引人入胜。 欧内斯特•海明威（1899--1961年），美国小说家，1954年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，获奖之作就是《老人与海》。这部小说是根据一位古巴渔夫的真实经历创作的，以摄像机般的写实手法记录了桑地亚哥老人捕鱼的全过程，塑造了一个在重压下仍然保持优雅风度、在精神上永远不可战胜的老人形象。这部小说创下了人类出版史上空前绝后的一个纪录：48小时售出500万册，50小时售出530万册！ 当他被宣布为当年的普利策文学奖得主时，评论界一致称好。"人可以被毁灭，却不可以被打败。"海明威在《老人与海》里所说的话，不仅打动了读者，也征服了评论者。 1954年，因为海明威"精通于叙事艺术，突出地表现在他的近著《老人与海》之中；同时也因为他在当代风格中所发挥的影响"，海明威又获诺贝尔文学奖。"每一句话和每一段落，都要尽量写得简洁。"这是海明威写作的信条之一，这使得他的作品改编成电影的数量比任何其他一位获奖者都多. 小说以写实手法展现了捕鱼老人桑地亚哥在重压下仍保持的优雅风度，这种精神上永远不可战胜者成为文学史上最著名的"硬汉"形象之一。对于《老人与海》这本被译成几十种文字的作品， 海明威自己认为 "是这一辈子所能写的最好的一部作品"。 这本书讲了古巴的一个名叫桑地亚哥的老渔夫，独自一个人出海打鱼，在一无所获的84天之后钓到了一条无比巨大的马林鱼。这是老人从来没见过也没听说过的，比他的船还长两英尺的一条大鱼。鱼的劲非常大，拖着小船漂流了整整两天两夜，老人在这两天两夜中经历了从未经受的艰难考验，终于把大鱼刺死，拴在船头。然而在返航时不幸遇上了鲨鱼，老人与鲨鱼进行了殊死搏斗，最终，大马林鱼还是被鲨鱼吃光了，老人历经一番艰辛，最后拖回家的只剩下一副光秃秃的鱼骨架和一身的伤，可还是得到了人们的赞赏。

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