关于毒理学方面的论文摘要英文翻译

关于毒理学方面的论文摘要英文翻译

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21世纪，人类面临着更为严峻的人口剧增、资源匾乏及环境污染的压力和挑战，开辟新资源、走可持续发展道路是我国农业产业化发展的必由之路。昆虫作为地球上最大的未被充分利用的资源宝库而倍受关注。昆虫蛋白质资源的开发及其产业化，必将进入以高科技、高收益为特点的多层次、综合利用阶段。昆虫富含蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素，是人类的高级营养源。 黄粉虫的蛋白质中含有18种氨基酸，且包含人体所必需的8种氨基酸，含量占氨基酸总量的40%，其配比接近于人体氨基酸需要量的模式，还含有多种矿物质、维生素和微量元素，被称为“动物营养宝库”。国外有研究表明黄粉虫蛋白具有提高人体免疫力、抗疲劳、延缓衰老、降低血脂和促进胆固醇代谢功能。本文主要对超临界CO2萃取技术提取黄粉虫油制备黄粉虫脱脂粉的最佳工艺条件进行了研究，以得到的黄粉虫蛋白粉为原料，使用碱提法和酶提法对黄粉虫进行蛋白的提取研究，并对这两种提取工艺进行比较研究。 首先对黄粉虫进行脱脂制备粗蛋白粉，采用超临界CO2萃取技术对黄粉虫进行脱脂处理，以黄粉虫油提取率为指标，采用三因素三水平正交试验设计确定超临界CO2萃取黄粉虫油的最佳工艺条件为：萃取温度45℃，压力25MPa，时间180min。黄粉虫油提取率为99%。 碱法提取具有提取率高，成本低的特点，采用单因素试验和正交试验结果表明，碱提法的最佳条件为：碱液浓度为0%mol/L，在70℃，液固比为12:1的条件提取黄粉虫蛋白90min，在该提取工艺条件下，黄粉虫蛋白提取率可达到11%，纯度为20%。 酶法提取具有反应条件温和和底物特异性好等特点。不同的蛋白酶提取黄粉虫蛋白有不同的作用方式，以蛋白提取率和蛋白提取液的品质为指标，比较各种蛋白酶提取黄粉虫蛋白的效果，认为复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶提取效率高和最终蛋白提取液的品质佳。为提高原料利用率和黄粉虫蛋白提取率，选择这两种酶为提取用酶。采用两种酶单独提取、分步作提取及复合作提取的结果进行比较，以蛋白提取率为指标，水解度为参考指标，采用正交实验和单因素实验，确定黄粉虫蛋白酶法提取的最佳工艺为复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶双酶复合进行酶法提取：加酶量6%复合蛋白酶与复合风味蛋白酶加量比1:3、液固比9:1、提取时间8小时，pH 5，温度为55℃。在该最佳工艺条件下提取黄粉虫蛋白，提取率可以达到 83%，纯度为17%。 黄粉虫体内含有各种色素和多酚类物质，其中多酚类物质在反应中易产生美拉德反应，在酶提过程中或多或少会产生苦味肽，而且为了保持其在最适pH值范围内，需加入酸、碱，产生了大量的盐，而且得到的黄粉虫蛋白提取液颜色较深，黄粉虫蛋白需精制处理。通过添加3%活性碳进行脱色、脱苦，可获得色清、味好的蛋白提取液。通过阴阳离子交换树脂可除去20%的盐分，最后通过喷雾干燥得到浅黄色的蛋白质粉末。 碱提法获得的蛋白产品的安全毒理学评价结果表明:碱提法所得蛋白产品是基本安全无毒的(其小鼠LD50大于120g/Kg)，因此，可以作为人和其他动物的高蛋白资源。 总之，本论文通过两种蛋白质提取方法的比较研究，初步确立了黄粉虫中蛋白质的最佳提取方法和工艺，为以后开发黄粉虫蛋白质资源提供了理论基础。 关键词：黄粉虫；蛋白质；超临界萃取；碱法；酶法；提取工艺；氨基酸

The 21st century， mankind is faced with a more severe population growth， lack of important resources and environmental pollution pressures and challenges， and open up new resources， the path of sustainable development is the development of agricultural industrialization in China the only Insects as the largest on earth has not been fully utilized the resources of the treasure-house and has drawn greater Insect protein resource development and industrialization， will enter the high-tech， high-yield characterized by multi-level， comprehensive utilization Insect-rich protein， unsaturated fatty acids， trace elements， is a senior human nutrition Tenebrio molitor protein contains 18 kinds of amino acids， and essential to the human body contains eight kinds of amino acids， amino acid content accounted for 40% of the total， the ratio closer to the model of the human amino acid requirements， but also contains a variety of minerals， vitamins and trace elements， known as the "treasure house of animal " Tenebrio study abroad to improve the human immune system protein， anti-fatigue， anti-aging， reducing blood lipids and promote cholesterol In this paper， supercritical CO2 extraction technology of oil extraction Preparation of Tenebrio molitor Tenebrio molitor powder skim the optimum conditions were studied in order to get the Tenebrio molitor protein powder as raw material， the use of base formulation and enzyme formulations for proteins of Tenebrio molitor Extraction of the extraction process of these two comparative Tenebrio first preparation of crude protein to Defatted powder， supercritical CO2 extraction technology to skim handling of Tenebrio molitor， Tenebrio molitor in the oil extraction rate as an index， a three-factor three-level orthogonal experimental design to determine Tenebrio supercritical CO2 extraction of oil The optimum conditions are as follows: extraction temperature 45 ℃， the pressure of 25MPa， the time Tenebrio oil extraction rate of 99% Alkaline extraction with high extraction rate， the characteristics of low-cost， single-factor experiments and orthogonal test results show that the best conditions for alkali formulation as follows: alkali concentration of 0% mol / L， at 70 ℃， liquid-solid ratio 12:1 Tenebrio protein extraction conditions for 90min， in the extraction conditions， Tenebrio molitor protein extraction rate can reach 11%， 20% Enzymatic extraction with mild reaction conditions and substrate specificity of the characteristics of a Tenebrio different protease extract the role of protein have different approaches to protein extraction rate and the quality of protein extract as an index to compare the protease protein of Tenebrio molitor extract the effect of protease and that the complex compound extracted flavourzyme efficient and the final protein good quality To enhance the utilization of raw materials and Tenebrio molitor protein extraction rate， selection of these two enzymes for the enzyme Using two separate enzyme extraction， step-by-step for the extraction and re-extract the results of cooperation in comparison to the rate of protein extraction as an index for the reference degree of hydrolysis， the use of single factor experiments and orthogonal experiment to determine the Tenebrio protease extracted the most good process for the composite and complex protease flavourzyme to conduct two-enzyme complex extraction: 6% the amount of enzyme protease complex and composite plus flavourzyme than 1:3， liquid-solid ratio 9:1， extraction time 8 hours， pH 5 temperature of 55 ℃ Optimum conditions in the extraction of Tenebrio molitor protein， extraction rate can reach 83%， 17% Tenebrio body contains a variety of pigments and polyphenols， of which polyphenols easily in response to Maillard reaction， in the course of enzyme to produce more or less bitter peptide， and in order to maintain its optimum pH value range， the need to join the acid， alkali， resulting in a lot of salt， and the protein extract of Tenebrio molitor darker color， to be refined to deal with Tenebrio molitor 3% by adding activated carbon for decolorization， debittering available color clear extract protein taste Through the cation-anion exchange resin can remove 20% of the salt， and finally through the spray-drying the protein to be light yellow Alkali formulation obtained toxicology protein product safety evaluation results show that: protein products derived from the reference base is the basic security of the non-toxic (LD50 in mice is greater than its 120g/Kg)， therefore， can be used as high-protein and other animals In short， this paper two methods of protein extraction studies， the initial establishment of the Tenebrio molitor protein extraction methods and the best technology， the development of Tenebrio molitor for the future of protein resources to provide a theoretical Tenebrio molitor; protein; supercritical fluid extraction; alkali; Enzyme; extraction process; amino acid

关于毒理学方面的论文摘要英文

欢迎下列内容的文稿：　　　1有关化学物质包括工农业及环境化学品、食品添加剂、民用化学品、动物饲料、药物、兽药与农药等的毒理学论著或实验研究论文。2有关化学物质毒性管理、安全评价、标准制定等论述性文章。　　3具有指导意义的述评、评论，具有实际参考价值的综述、讲座、专题讨论和书评等。　　4与毒理学有关的国内外学术活动、科研动态、研究进展以及安全、环保、健康相关产品信息和广告等。 来稿应一式二份，应具有科学性和逻辑性。文字精练，层次清楚，数据准确，书写工整规范。论著、综述、讲座类文稿一般不超过5 000字，实验研究、方法学介绍不超过4 000字图、表和参考文献，短篇报道等一般～1 000～字为宜。文题力求简明、醒目地反映文章的主题。文题中不应出现非公知公用的缩写或符号，中文文题以20个汉字以内为宜，一般不使用副标题。第一作者应标注到科室，省市和邮政编码。作者不在同一单位时，在作者名字右上角及工作单位左上角用“1”、“2”等标明。论著须附中、英文摘要，摘要必须包括目的、方法、结果应给出主要数据及结论四部分，各部分冠以相应的标题。采用第三人称撰写，不用“本文”、“作者”、“本研究”等主语。中文摘要一般不超过400字、英文摘要在2 000个印刷符号左右。英文摘要尚应包括文题、作者姓名汉语拼音、单位名称、所在城市名及邮政编码。论著需标引3～8个关键词。请尽量使用美国国立医学图书馆编辑的最新版《Index Medicus》中医学主题词表MeSH内所列的词。每个英文关键词第1个字母大写，每词之间用“；”分隔。每幅图表应冠有图表题。说明性的资料应置于图表下方注释中，并在注释中标明图表中使用的全部非共知共用的缩写。本刊采用三横线表顶线、表头线及底线，表内数据要求同一指标有效位数一致，一般按标准差的1/3确定有效位数。线条图高宽比例约为45 cm×65 cm，单栏宽度为7 cm左右。照片图要求有良好的清晰度和对比度。图中需标注的符号包括箭头请用另纸标上，不要直接写在照片上，每幅图的背面应注明图号、作者姓名及图的上下方向。统计学符号按国家标准GB3358 1982《统计学名词及符号》的有关规定书写，常用如下：○1样本的算术平均数用英文小写?，中位数仍用M?；○2标准差用英文小写s；○3标准误用英文小写s?；○4t检验用英文小写?t；○5F检验用英文大写F；○6卡方检验用希文小写?χ2；○7相关系数用英文小写r?；○8自由度用希文小写ν钮；○9样本数用英文小写?n；○10概率用英文大写P?。以上符号均用斜体。缩略语文中尽量少用。必须使用时于首次出现处先叙述其中文全称，然后括号注出英文全称或其缩略语，后两者间用“，”分开如该缩略语已共知，也可不注出其英文全称。缩略语不得移行。参考文献按GB7714?1987《文后参考文献著录规则》采用顺序编码制著录，依照文中出现的先后顺序用阿拉伯数字加方括号标出。参考文献中的作者，1～3名全部列出，3名以上只列前3名，后加“，等”或其他与之相应的文字。外文期刊名称用缩写，以《Index Medicus》中的格式为准；中文期刊用全名。每条参考文献均须注明起止页。参考文献必须由作者与其原文核对无误。内部刊物及资料均不作文献引用。其他论文所涉及的课题如是国际或部、省级以上基金或攻关项目，应脚注于文题左下方。如“××基金资助项目编号，并附基金证书复印件。来稿须附单位推荐信。推荐信应注明对稿件的审评意见以及无一稿两投、不涉及保密及署名无争议等项。 根据《著作权法》，并结合本刊具体情况，凡来稿在接到本刊回执后3个月内未接到稿件处理通知者，系仍在审阅中。作者如欲投他刊，请先与本刊联系，切勿一稿两投。来稿一律文责自负。依照《著作权法》有关规定，本刊可对来稿做文字修改、删节，凡有涉及原意的修改，则提请作者考虑。修改稿逾3个月不寄回者，视作自动撤稿，如3个月后修回，按新稿处理。 稿件确认刊载后需按通知数额付版面费。刊印彩图者需另付彩图印制工本费。稿件刊登后酌致稿酬，赠当期杂志2册。本刊已加入《中国学术期刊光盘版》，稿件同时在印刷版和光盘版刊出。来稿一经我刊刊用，稿件专有使用权即归本刊编辑部所有，未经同意，作者不得转载他处。

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毒理学 toxicology

21世纪，人类面临着更为严峻的人口剧增、资源匾乏及环境污染的压力和挑战，开辟新资源、走可持续发展道路是我国农业产业化发展的必由之路。昆虫作为地球上最大的未被充分利用的资源宝库而倍受关注。昆虫蛋白质资源的开发及其产业化，必将进入以高科技、高收益为特点的多层次、综合利用阶段。昆虫富含蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素，是人类的高级营养源。 黄粉虫的蛋白质中含有18种氨基酸，且包含人体所必需的8种氨基酸，含量占氨基酸总量的40%，其配比接近于人体氨基酸需要量的模式，还含有多种矿物质、维生素和微量元素，被称为“动物营养宝库”。国外有研究表明黄粉虫蛋白具有提高人体免疫力、抗疲劳、延缓衰老、降低血脂和促进胆固醇代谢功能。本文主要对超临界CO2萃取技术提取黄粉虫油制备黄粉虫脱脂粉的最佳工艺条件进行了研究，以得到的黄粉虫蛋白粉为原料，使用碱提法和酶提法对黄粉虫进行蛋白的提取研究，并对这两种提取工艺进行比较研究。 首先对黄粉虫进行脱脂制备粗蛋白粉，采用超临界CO2萃取技术对黄粉虫进行脱脂处理，以黄粉虫油提取率为指标，采用三因素三水平正交试验设计确定超临界CO2萃取黄粉虫油的最佳工艺条件为：萃取温度45℃，压力25MPa，时间180min。黄粉虫油提取率为99%。 碱法提取具有提取率高，成本低的特点，采用单因素试验和正交试验结果表明，碱提法的最佳条件为：碱液浓度为0%mol/L，在70℃，液固比为12:1的条件提取黄粉虫蛋白90min，在该提取工艺条件下，黄粉虫蛋白提取率可达到11%，纯度为20%。 酶法提取具有反应条件温和和底物特异性好等特点。不同的蛋白酶提取黄粉虫蛋白有不同的作用方式，以蛋白提取率和蛋白提取液的品质为指标，比较各种蛋白酶提取黄粉虫蛋白的效果，认为复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶提取效率高和最终蛋白提取液的品质佳。为提高原料利用率和黄粉虫蛋白提取率，选择这两种酶为提取用酶。采用两种酶单独提取、分步作提取及复合作提取的结果进行比较，以蛋白提取率为指标，水解度为参考指标，采用正交实验和单因素实验，确定黄粉虫蛋白酶法提取的最佳工艺为复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶双酶复合进行酶法提取：加酶量6%复合蛋白酶与复合风味蛋白酶加量比1:3、液固比9:1、提取时间8小时，pH 5，温度为55℃。在该最佳工艺条件下提取黄粉虫蛋白，提取率可以达到 83%，纯度为17%。 黄粉虫体内含有各种色素和多酚类物质，其中多酚类物质在反应中易产生美拉德反应，在酶提过程中或多或少会产生苦味肽，而且为了保持其在最适pH值范围内，需加入酸、碱，产生了大量的盐，而且得到的黄粉虫蛋白提取液颜色较深，黄粉虫蛋白需精制处理。通过添加3%活性碳进行脱色、脱苦，可获得色清、味好的蛋白提取液。通过阴阳离子交换树脂可除去20%的盐分，最后通过喷雾干燥得到浅黄色的蛋白质粉末。 碱提法获得的蛋白产品的安全毒理学评价结果表明:碱提法所得蛋白产品是基本安全无毒的(其小鼠LD50大于120g/Kg)，因此，可以作为人和其他动物的高蛋白资源。 总之，本论文通过两种蛋白质提取方法的比较研究，初步确立了黄粉虫中蛋白质的最佳提取方法和工艺，为以后开发黄粉虫蛋白质资源提供了理论基础。 关键词：黄粉虫；蛋白质；超临界萃取；碱法；酶法；提取工艺；氨基酸

关于英语翻译方面的论文摘要

Let the children go forward companied by --------Briefly discuss on the cultivation of children's imagination abilityabstract:Whatever literay creation and art appreciation can not be without rich imagination，whici is the characteristics of the Not only can it help the children foster innovative thinking and aesthetic taste，but also can lead the children calmy to the society，success even to How to develope the children's imagination ability is the common topic focused by the teachers and the Only through effective ways and measures can we help the children enrich and develop their imagination ability，and go much more futher on the way of their

The quality of accounting information reflects the enterprise in a period of time the financial position and operating results， the quality of accounting information can be directly positioned itself value degree， the higher the value is available， the higher the quality of accounting information， is the basis of enterprise financial report， the real accounting information quality can ensure the users of financial reports to accounting the enterprise comprehensive cognition， can make the enterprise internal users， managers， investors， creditors to make judgments and investment right for the Therefore， to ensure the accounting information is true， reliable， to maintain social and economic order， maintain a sustained and stable economic development， is of great This paper describes the definition and characteristics of accounting information quality， introduces the relative and dynamic nature of the quality of accounting information， the status and the quality of accounting information， and the influence of the distortion of accounting information and its harm to enterprise and national cause， and summarize the In order to provide reference for improving the quality of accounting 会计信息质量的定义：The definition of accounting information 相对性：R动态性：D现状：Present 影响：I 希望能对你有帮助！

Along with human society's development， society unceasing in progress， is getting bigger and bigger to the knowledge hope， the humanity already gradually entered the informationization The information grows the speed is getting quicker and quicker， the people hoped that uses the advanced management theory method and the method processes more and more information， specially the company， the Enterprises and institutions as a result of the information complexity， the data management's particularity， the anxious hope through the high efficiency's management tool， raises the supervisory work Therefore， under this kind of situation， how better to carry on the management to the company information， has become a question which we need to solve， therefore， developed a set of perfect company information management system management system to become cannot be This system is one designs the development for the adaptation current each profession company to the information management urgent demand the software system， its development mainly includes the backstage database the establishment and the maintenance as well as front end the application procedure development two After the analysis and the comparison， we decided that uses the ACCESS database development kit， uses each object-oriented development method which it provides， particularly the data window this can convenient and the succinct operation database intellectualized object， first establishes the system application prototype in a short time， then， carries on the demand iteration to the initial prototype system， revises and the improvement unceasingly until forms the user satisfied feasible This article introduced 0 environment uses each kind of object-oriented development kit which in visual under the basic it provides to develop this system's detailed

Along with human society's development， the society unceasing is progressing， is more and more big to the knowledge hope， humanity's already gradually entered the informationization The information grows the speed is more and more quick， the people hoped uses the advanced management theory method and the method processes more and more many informations， specially the company， the enterprises and institutions as a result of the information complexity， the data management particularity， the anxious hope through the high efficiency management tool， raises the supervisory work Therefore， under this kind of situation， how better carries on the management to the company information， has become a question which we need to solve， therefore， developed a set of perfect company information management system management system to become may This system is one designs the development for the adaptation current each profession company to the information management urgent demand the software system， its development mainly includes the backstage database the establishment and the maintenance as well as front end the application procedure development two After the analysis and the comparison， we decided uses the ACCESS database development kit， uses each object-oriented development method which it provides， the data window this can in particular convenient and the succinct operation database intellectualized object， first in a short time establishes the system application prototype， then， carries on the demand iteration to the initial prototype system， revises and the improvement unceasingly until forms user satisfaction the feasible This article introduced 0 environment uses each kind of object-oriented development kit in visual under the basic which it provides to develop this system the detailed

关于毒理学方面的论文摘要英文版

能否详细些？那些类型的毒物？很多男人认为其实最毒妇人心了。药物也是有毒物的，例如管制药物。就随便来篇《阿片受体拮抗剂与激动剂》吧，希望帮上忙。 阿片受体拮抗剂——纳洛酮与纳曲酮 　　纳洛酮（naloxone）化学结构与吗啡极相似，主要区别为叔氮上以烯丙基取代甲基，6位羟基变为酮基。纳洛酮对4型阿片受体都有拮抗作用。它本身并无明显药理效应及毒性，给人注射12mg后，不产生任何症状；注射24mg只产生轻微困倦。但对吗啡中毒者，小剂量（4～8mg）肌内或静脉注射能迅速翻转吗啡的作用，1～2分钟就可消除呼吸抑制现象，增加呼吸频率。对吗啡成瘾者可迅速诱发戒断症状，表明纳洛酮在体内与吗啡竞争同一受体。临床适用于吗啡类镇痛药急性中毒，解救呼吸抑制及其他中枢抑制症状，可使昏迷者迅速复苏。在镇痛药的理论研究中，纳洛酮是重要的工具药。　　纳曲酮（naltrexone）的作用与纳洛酮相同，但口服生物利用度较高，作用维持时间较长。 阿片受体激动剂主要有美沙酮、丁丙诺啡腓、二氢埃托啡等，其主要特点是能快速脱毒，但会产生成瘾性。美沙酮又名美散痛、非那痛、阿米酮，是阿片受体激动剂，属麻醉性镇痛药，第二次世界大战期间由德国化学家最先合成。　　美沙酮的化学结构和吗啡相差较远，但药理作用却与吗啡非常相似。其突出的特点是镇痛作用强、口服有效，对阿片类毒品成瘾者的戒断症状抑制作用持久，反复应用持续有效，适用于成瘾病人的脱毒治疗。　　美沙酮具有强效的镇痛作用，其效能是吗啡的2—3倍，作用显效较慢，持续时间长，适用于慢性疼痛，对急性疼痛效果稍差。美沙酮可引起镇静、呼吸抑制、便秘等；对平滑肌和心血管系统的作用与吗啡相似，但弱于吗啡；对缩瞳、镇咳作用以及对垂体激素的影响与吗啡相似；对胎儿具有呼吸抑制作用，故不适合产科镇痛。　　美沙酮皮下或肌肉注射吸收迅速而完全，易于从胃肠道吸收。口服30分钟后可在血中测得，4小时浓度达到峰值，半衰期为10—18小时，平均15小时，长期用药者半衰期为13—47小时，平均25小时，85％与血浆蛋白结合。美沙酮的生物转化主要在肝脏进行，大部分以代谢物形式经尿和粪便排泄。　　美沙酮于本世纪60年代中期开始用于阿片类毒品成瘾的治疗，最先由美国研究发现美沙酮能控制海洛因的戒断症状。30年来，该药已成为欧美西方国家的主要戒毒药物。70年代初，香港地区实施美沙酮治疗计划，取得了满意的效果。1993年，我国卫生部颁布《阿片类成瘾常用戒毒疗法的指导原则》，首选美沙酮进行脱毒治疗。　　美沙酮与吗啡相同，都属麻醉性镇痛药，因而能成瘾，具有生理依赖性、心理依赖性和耐受性。因此美沙酮要合理使用，不能滥用，否则能导致海洛因一样的后果。美沙酮也是吸毒者追逐的对象，因此对其必须要严格管理，以免流失成为毒品盐酸二氢埃托啡（DHE）是近年来我国新研制的一种高效麻醉性镇痛药，多为片剂，属化学合成的阿片受体激动剂。服用盐酸二氢埃托啡可造成生理和心理依赖性，其成瘾性比海洛因还强，因此被列入麻醉药品严格管制。

The NASA Astrophysics Data System -- 世界最大免费全文网站，超过300，000篇全文 主要学科：天体物理学 HighWire Press -- 世界第二大免费全文网站，超过235，812篇全文 主要学科：生物学、医学 arX 主要学科：物理、数学、非线性科学、计算机科学等。文件格式以PostScript为主，如没有相应的阅读软件，可以选择生成PDF文件格式。 Behavioral and Brain Sciences 主要学科：行为科学、脑科学 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 主要学科：医学 CogPrints 主要学科：心理学、神经科学、行为科学、语言学、人工智能、哲学 GPO Access 美国政府文献 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) 世界最大的社会科学文献网站 National Academy Press 美国国家科学院、国家工程院、医学协会等机构报告 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) 美国国家卫生统计中心的统计报告 NCSTRL 计算机科学研究报告和论文 Project Gutenberg Electronic Public Library 电子图书，2002前提供10000种全文电子图书 Thomas Legislative Information on the Internet 美国国会图书馆提供的美国国会报告和历史文献 UNESCO 联合国教科文组织提供的文档 United States Geological Survey 美国地质考察报告 World Development Sources (World Bank) 世界银行报告 Delphion 世界各国专利，可看到前十三页全文 18 美国数学学会(AMS)的三种免费期刊 BulletinElectronic Research Announcements Notices of the American Mathematical Society 19 Physics Today 美国物理学会(American Institute of Physics)提供的免费杂志 20 Frontiers in Bioscience 生物科学期刊和图书，文章被Biosis、CA、Medline等重要二次文献数据库引用 21 The World Wide Web Journal of Biology 被Biosis Previews引用 22 Science Magazine 23 Scientific American 24 ACM Digital Library 25 Issues in Science and Technology 《科学与技术问题》，美国。 1984年创刊，全年4期，ISSN 0748-5492，National Academy of Sciences，探讨和阐述科学、技术和卫生事业发展中的政策问题。 26 Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 《符号逻辑通报》，美国。 1995年创刊，全年4期，ISSN 1079-8986，刊载数学、哲学、计算机、语言学等领域中有关符号逻辑方面的论文、书评和会议论文摘要。 27 Progress of Theoretical Physics 《理论物理学进展》，日本。 1946年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0033-068X，发表日本理论物理学者的研究成果。文章用英文、德文、法文发表。 28 Australian Journal of Physics 《澳大利亚物理学杂志》，澳大利亚。 1948年创刊，全年6期，ISSN 0004-9506，刊载物理学（从基本粒子到天体物理学）领域的研究论文、简讯和评论。 29 New Journal of Physics 《新物理学杂志》，英国。 1998年创刊，ISSN 1367-2630，是一种全文电子杂志，它在物理学领域相当具有权威性。该杂志编辑竭力通过出版对物理学家有益并能引起物理学家关注的高品质文章，从而把《新物理学杂志》办成本领域最主要的科学杂志。 30 Journal of Biological Chemistry 《生物化学杂志》，美国。 1905年创刊，全年52期，ISSN 0021-9258，Journal of Biological Chemistry Subscription，刊载生物化学领域的研究成果。高价刊。 31 Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 《化学与药学通报》，日本。 1953年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0009-2363，发表生物分析化学、生物化学、药理学、毒理学和生物药学方面的研究论文及报告，用英文出版。 32 Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 《微型机械与微型工程杂志》，英国。 1991年创刊，全年4期，ISSN 0960-1317，刊载微型机电、微型机械和真空微电子技术方面的研究论文，涉及微型系统的控制、程序和建造、微型结构和器件、集成电路、电子与光子器件等基本结构、器械和系统设计研究。 33 VDI-Z 《德国工程师协会综合生产杂志》，德国。 1857年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0042-1766，刊载机器制造、金属加工工艺、生产规划管理、生产系统、生产评价以及金属加工设备与系统等方面的论文，兼及行业新闻、新产品介绍。 34 Modern Machine Shop 《现代机械车间》，美国。 1928年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0026-8003，全面报道制造与机械工业的新闻和技术信息，内容包括工程、工业机器人、研究与开发、程序设计、安全规则与设备等。 35 Process Engineering 《加工工程》，英国。 1920年创刊，全年12期，ISSN 0370-1859，刊载化工加工技术以及设备、材料和保养等方面的文章。 36 Signal 《信号》，美国。请采纳，谢谢

21世纪，人类面临着更为严峻的人口剧增、资源匾乏及环境污染的压力和挑战，开辟新资源、走可持续发展道路是我国农业产业化发展的必由之路。昆虫作为地球上最大的未被充分利用的资源宝库而倍受关注。昆虫蛋白质资源的开发及其产业化，必将进入以高科技、高收益为特点的多层次、综合利用阶段。昆虫富含蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素，是人类的高级营养源。 黄粉虫的蛋白质中含有18种氨基酸，且包含人体所必需的8种氨基酸，含量占氨基酸总量的40%，其配比接近于人体氨基酸需要量的模式，还含有多种矿物质、维生素和微量元素，被称为“动物营养宝库”。国外有研究表明黄粉虫蛋白具有提高人体免疫力、抗疲劳、延缓衰老、降低血脂和促进胆固醇代谢功能。本文主要对超临界CO2萃取技术提取黄粉虫油制备黄粉虫脱脂粉的最佳工艺条件进行了研究，以得到的黄粉虫蛋白粉为原料，使用碱提法和酶提法对黄粉虫进行蛋白的提取研究，并对这两种提取工艺进行比较研究。 首先对黄粉虫进行脱脂制备粗蛋白粉，采用超临界CO2萃取技术对黄粉虫进行脱脂处理，以黄粉虫油提取率为指标，采用三因素三水平正交试验设计确定超临界CO2萃取黄粉虫油的最佳工艺条件为：萃取温度45℃，压力25MPa，时间180min。黄粉虫油提取率为99%。 碱法提取具有提取率高，成本低的特点，采用单因素试验和正交试验结果表明，碱提法的最佳条件为：碱液浓度为0%mol/L，在70℃，液固比为12:1的条件提取黄粉虫蛋白90min，在该提取工艺条件下，黄粉虫蛋白提取率可达到11%，纯度为20%。 酶法提取具有反应条件温和和底物特异性好等特点。不同的蛋白酶提取黄粉虫蛋白有不同的作用方式，以蛋白提取率和蛋白提取液的品质为指标，比较各种蛋白酶提取黄粉虫蛋白的效果，认为复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶提取效率高和最终蛋白提取液的品质佳。为提高原料利用率和黄粉虫蛋白提取率，选择这两种酶为提取用酶。采用两种酶单独提取、分步作提取及复合作提取的结果进行比较，以蛋白提取率为指标，水解度为参考指标，采用正交实验和单因素实验，确定黄粉虫蛋白酶法提取的最佳工艺为复合蛋白酶和复合风味蛋白酶双酶复合进行酶法提取：加酶量6%复合蛋白酶与复合风味蛋白酶加量比1:3、液固比9:1、提取时间8小时，pH 5，温度为55℃。在该最佳工艺条件下提取黄粉虫蛋白，提取率可以达到 83%，纯度为17%。 黄粉虫体内含有各种色素和多酚类物质，其中多酚类物质在反应中易产生美拉德反应，在酶提过程中或多或少会产生苦味肽，而且为了保持其在最适pH值范围内，需加入酸、碱，产生了大量的盐，而且得到的黄粉虫蛋白提取液颜色较深，黄粉虫蛋白需精制处理。通过添加3%活性碳进行脱色、脱苦，可获得色清、味好的蛋白提取液。通过阴阳离子交换树脂可除去20%的盐分，最后通过喷雾干燥得到浅黄色的蛋白质粉末。 碱提法获得的蛋白产品的安全毒理学评价结果表明:碱提法所得蛋白产品是基本安全无毒的(其小鼠LD50大于120g/Kg)，因此，可以作为人和其他动物的高蛋白资源。 总之，本论文通过两种蛋白质提取方法的比较研究，初步确立了黄粉虫中蛋白质的最佳提取方法和工艺，为以后开发黄粉虫蛋白质资源提供了理论基础。 关键词：黄粉虫；蛋白质；超临界萃取；碱法；酶法；提取工艺；氨基酸

The 21st century， the humanity is facing the more stern population sharp increase， the resources plaque deficiency and the environmental pollution pressure and the challenge， opens the new resources， walks the sustainable development path is our country agriculture industrial production development way that must be But the insect takes on the Earth biggest time not to pay attention by the full use resources treasure The insect protein resources development and the industrial production， will certainly to enter take the high tech， the high income as the characteristic multi-level， the comprehensive utilization The insect contains the protein， the unsaturated fatty acid， the trace element richly， is humanity's high-level nutrition source Tenebrio molitor protein contains 18 kinds of amino acids， and essential to the human body contains eight kinds of amino acids， amino acid content accounted for 40% of the total， the ratio closer to the model of the human amino acid requirements， but also contains a variety of minerals， vitamins and trace elements， known as the "treasure house of animal " Tenebrio study abroad to improve the human immune system protein， anti-fatigue， anti-aging， reducing blood lipids and promote cholesterol In this paper， supercritical CO2 extraction technology of oil extraction Preparation of Tenebrio molitor Tenebrio molitor powder skim the optimum conditions were studied in order to get the Tenebrio molitor protein powder as raw material， the use of base formulation and enzyme formulations for proteins of Tenebrio molitor Extraction of the extraction process of these two comparative Tenebrio first preparation of crude protein to Defatted powder， supercritical CO2 extraction technology to skim handling of Tenebrio molitor， Tenebrio molitor in the oil extraction rate as an index， a three-factor three-level orthogonal experimental design to determine Tenebrio supercritical CO2 extraction of oil The optimum conditions are as follows: extraction temperature 45 ℃， the pressure of 25MPa， the time Tenebrio oil extraction rate of 99% The alkaline process extraction has the extraction rate to be high， the cost low characteristic， uses the single factor experiment and the orthogonal test result indicated， the alkali formulation optimum condition is: The lye density is 0%mol/L， in 70℃;， the fluid solid ratio is 12:1 condition extraction flour weevil protein 90min， under this extraction technological conditions， the flour weevil protein extraction rate may achieve 11%， the purity is 20% Enzymatic extraction with mild reaction conditions and substrate specificity of the characteristics of a Tenebrio different protease extract the role of protein have different approaches to protein extraction rate and the quality of protein extract as an index to compare the protease protein of Tenebrio molitor extract the effect of protease and that the complex compound extracted flavourzyme efficient and the final protein good quality To enhance the utilization of raw materials and Tenebrio molitor protein extraction rate， selection of these two enzymes for the enzyme Using two separate enzyme extraction， step-by-step for the extraction and re-extract the results of cooperation in comparison to the rate of protein extraction as an index for the reference degree of hydrolysis， the use of single factor experiments and orthogonal experiment to determine the Tenebrio protease extracted the most good process for the composite and complex protease flavourzyme to conduct two-enzyme complex extraction: 6% the amount of enzyme protease complex and composite plus flavourzyme than 1:3， liquid-solid ratio 9:1， extraction time 8 hours， pH 5 temperature of 55 ℃ Optimum conditions in the extraction of Tenebrio molitor protein， extraction rate can reach 83%， 17% Tenebrio body contains a variety of pigments and polyphenols， of which polyphenols easily in response to Maillard reaction， in the course of enzyme to produce more or less bitter peptide， and in order to maintain its optimum pH value range， the need to join the acid， alkali， resulting in a lot of salt， and the protein extract of Tenebrio molitor darker color， to be refined to deal with Tenebrio molitor 3% by adding activated carbon for decolorization， debittering available color clear extract protein taste Through the cation-anion exchange resin can remove 20% of the salt， and finally through the spray-drying the protein to be light yellow Alkali formulation obtained toxicology protein product safety evaluation results show that: protein products derived from the reference base is the basic security of the non-toxic (LD50 in mice is greater than its 120g/Kg)， therefore， can be used as high-protein and other animals In short， this paper two methods of protein extraction studies， the initial establishment of the Tenebrio molitor protein extraction methods and the best technology， the development of Tenebrio molitor for the future of protein resources to provide a theoretical Tenebrio molitor; protein; supercritical fluid extraction; alkali; Enzyme; extraction process; amino acid

关于翻译方面的论文摘要

Enhances the city people quality of life countermeasure research content abstract In recent years， along with the economical and each social enterprise fast development， inhabitant's quality of life obtained the very big At the same time， inhabitant's life demand also more and more tends to the diversification， also proposed to the quality of life the more and more high request， pursued the higher quality of life also day after day to become one kind of obvious new tendency， the inhabitant to the quality of life pursue， the progress and the economical development proposed many new duties for the Constructs the harmonious society to provide a cooperation for the city peoples， fairly， the safe social life condition， is our country economic society develops enters the new time the work key， this regarding promotes our country economy development and society's comprehensive progress， as well as the realization society's long-term peace and good government， has the count for much theory significance and the practical This article key on "enhancement quality of life" proposed and the strategic sense， the quality of life meaning， the city people quality of life present situation， further improves the city people quality of life the countermeasure and so on several aspects questions to launch the analysis The enterprise credit system construction studies at the same time the market economy also is the credit After joins World Trade Organization， our country enterprise credit flaw present situation already has had the enormous influence for the society and the The establishment perfect enterprise credit mechanism， creates the fair competition environment， has become our country government and an enterprise's important Our country enterprise credit mechanism flaw is under the many kinds of factors influence result， it constructs the construction to be supposed from the foundation credit mechanism， the system credit mechanism and the inspector general credit mechanism three aspects This article key on "credit" the concept and the enterprise credit status， the establishment enterprise credit system necessity， in the current enterprise credit system construction exists the question and the harm， the enterprise credit system flaw reason as well as the enterprise credit system constructs the countermeasure waits for several questions to launch the analysis

近年来，随着经济和各项社会事业快速发展，居民的生活质量得到了很大提高。同时，居民的生活需求也越来越趋向多样化，对生活质量也提出了越来越高的要求，追求更高的生活质量也日渐成为了一种明显的新趋势，居民对生活质量的追求，给社会进步和经济的发展提出了许多新的任务。构建和谐社会为城市居民提供一个互助、公正、安全的社会生活条件，是我国经济社会发展进入新的时期的工作重点，这对于促进我国经济发展和社会的全面进步，以及实现社会的长治久安，具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文重点就“提高生活质量”的提出及战略意义，生活质量的含义，城市居民生活质量的现状，进一步提高城市居民生活质量的对策等几方面问题展开分析阐述。 企业信用制度建设研究 市场经济同时也是信用经济。加入世贸组织后，我国企业信用缺失的现状已给社会和经济造成了极大的影响。建立完善的企业信用机制，创造公平的竞争环境，已成为我国政府及企业的一个重要任务。我国企业信用机制的缺失是多种因素影响下的结果，它的建构应从基础信用机制、制度信用机制和监督信用机制三方面来考虑。本文重点就“信用”的概念及企业信用的地位、建立企业信用制度的必要性、当前企业信用制度建设中存在的问题和危害、企业信用制度缺失的原因以及企业信用制度构建的对策等着几个问题展开分析论述。In recent years， along with the fast development of economic and various social business， the residents' living quantity gets to raise very At the same time， the residents' living need also inclines to the diversification more and more， also putting forward the more and more high request to the life quantity， pursue higher of living quantity also became a kind of obviously new trend gradually， the residents pursue to the life quantity， putting forward many new mission for the society progress and the development of the Setting up the harmonious society as city the residents provides the social activities condition of a mutual aid， candor， safety， is an our country the economy society the development enter new of period of work point， this for promote our country economy development and society of overall progress， and realization society of grow and cure long Anne， have the count for much theories meaning and realistic This text point puts forward for" exaltation life quantity" and strategic meaning， live the meaning of the quantity， city the residents live the present condition of the quantity， the further exaltation city the residents live the counterplan of the quantity to wait several aspect problems to launch the analysis to The business enterprise reputation system construction researchThe market economy is the reputation economy After joining the world trade organization， the present condition of the our country business enterprise reputation imperfection has already resulted in tremendous influence for society and Build up the perfect business enterprise reputation mechanism， create the fair competition environment， have become the our country government and an important mission of the business The result that the imperfection of the our country business enterprise reputation mechanism is under various factor influence， its construction or purchase should consider from three aspects of foundation reputation mechanism， the system reputation mechanism and the direct reputation This text point is on the necessity of the concept of" reputation" and the position， the establishment business enterprise reputation system of the business enterprise reputation， current business enterprise reputation system construction the counterplan that reason and business enterprise reputation systems of existent problem and bane， the business enterprise reputation system imperfection set up waits for a few problems to launch the analysis to

Enhances the city people quality of life countermeasure research content abstractIn recent years，Along with economical and each social enterprise fast development，Inhabitant's quality of life obtained the very big At the same time，Inhabitant's life demand also more and more tends to the diversification，Also set the more and more high request to the quality of life， Pursued the higher quality of life also day after day to become one kind of obvious new tendency，Inhabitant to quality of life The progress and the economical development proposed many new duties for the Constructs the harmonious society to provide a cooperation for the city peoples， fairly， the safe social life condition， is our country economic society develops enters the new time the work key，This regarding promotes our country economy development and society's comprehensive progress， as well as realization society's long-term peace and good government，Has the extremely important theory significance and the practical This article key on "enhancement quality of life" proposed and stands slightly the significance， quality of life meaning，City people quality of life present situation， further improves the city people quality of life the countermeasure and so on several aspects questions to launch the analysis Enterprise credit system construction researchThe enterprise credit system construction studies at the same time the market economy also is the credit After joins World Trade Organization， our country enterprise credit flaw present situation already has had the enormous influence for the society and the Establishment perfect enterprise credit mechanism，Creates the fair competition environment， has become our country government and an enterprise's important Our country enterprise credit mechanism flaw is under the many kinds of factors influence result， it constructs should from the foundation credit mechanism， the system credit mechanism and the inspector general credit mechanism three aspects This article key on "credit" the concept and the enterprise credit status， the establishment enterprise credit system necessity， in the current enterprise credit system construction exists the question and the harm， the enterprise credit system flaw reason as well as the enterprise credit system constructs the countermeasure waits for several questions to launch the analysis

On education EQ With the rapid development of education， science and technology， growing awareness of human intelligence quotient (IQ) is not the only element of the successful Scientifically proven， emotional quotient (EQ) for a person's success will play an important For a long time， China's exam-oriented education mode there is a "light-IQ EQ" one-sided educational concept， which triggered the students a lot of More and more students show vulnerability， selfishness， indifference， lack of self-confidence and even a small number of students has committed suicide， crime， and other extreme behavior， my student status EQ China in the 21st century education the main task is to enhance and promote the comprehensive development of quality people， quality education is an important element in the development of students better， positive feelings and perfect shape the character of UNESCO proposed the future talent of the three criteria that is "Learning to Learn" and "Learning to survive"， "Institute of cooperation"， "Learning to survive"， "Institute of cooperation" includes the EQ of the So our students with the EQ status of the new century and the personnel requirements， it is imperative EQ This paper built on the basis of previous studies by the EQ EQ education and the relevant literature and books for collation， analysis and reflection， discusses the value of EQ EQ and the significance of education， such as the importance of the content， and against EQ the status quo of China's education， to improve the methods and Key words: EQ; EQ education quality