企业合规管理论文范文大全高中物理
企业合规管理论文范文大全高中物理
这里有"工商管理类"范文及标准格式,希望能够帮助到你
企业管理论文范文:企业管理分析摘 要:针对企业在管理中存在的问题,提出了向管理要效益的措施,主要是重视人才,制定适合企业的管理制度,加强企业节能降耗管理,得出适合企业发展现状的管理模式就是最好的管理模式,向管理要效益是企业永恒的主题。 关键词:企业管理;人才;节能降耗;制度 向管理要效益,向管理要效益,这是企业领导经常挂在嘴边的话。其实管理本身并不能产生效益,管理就是保持企业顺畅的运营程序优化资源的工具,管理就是简化手续做到人尽其才物尽其用,减少扯皮堵塞漏洞降低成本开源节流,提高效益这就是管理的本质。 1 管理的关键就在于用人 企业不重视人才,不善用人才,损失最大的不是人才个人,而是企业。因为个人如果不受重用,无法施展才华,完全可以“退而独善其身”,利用贵企业的一切便利条件,充实自己,积累学识、经验、关系、资历和资金,伺机而动,时刻准备另谋高就。而企业却象花高价买了一台多功能大彩电,却只会看几个频道的电视节目,浪费了电视机的其他许多功能一样,花费不少,却未能人尽其用。结果花费了大量财力和精力,却为别的企业源源不断地培养和输送了大量人才。 发自内心地尊重人才、爱护人才,与实用主义地笼络人才、利用人才,完全是两回事。在实用主义的人才政策的笼罩下,人才对企业没有向心力,人人离心离德。企业中常见的轻视管理人才,偏重技术人才、经营人才的现象,也反映了一种实用主义的人才观,这是一种短视、浅薄的人才观。技术要出成果,经营要出效益,整个公司各方面的潜能要调动起来、协调起来并产生最大的合力,还是要靠管理,靠管理人才。 对人才要严格要求,但不等于可以苛求人才。任何人初来乍到,都两眼一抹黑,谁能事事处置得当?领导者给新手安排工作,应当有所交待。否则,任务一交,就把你扔进无边的黑暗之中,让你自己设法从死亡线上挣扎出来。干得好是领导的功劳,干得不好是部下的无能。这不是一种爱护人的态度。这样的领导也太好当了。对于新手,要扶上马,还要送一程。如果新手偶尔做错一件事,就一棍子永远打入冷宫,不复重用,哪里还会有人才?即便老职员,也没有不做错事的。领导者应从爱护出发,加以批评、纠正,不可一味苛求。有才者往往不拘小节,甚至狂放不羁。领导者当以宽厚、幽默之心待之,并加以引导。凡有才者一般也都有脾气,领导者应大度能容。否则只能使人才或逃之夭夭;或韬光隐晦;或变得无所适从,成为蠢才;或变得唯唯诺诺,成为庸才。 2 管理制度要符合企业的现状助力企业的发展 管理制度的作用是硬而不僵活而不乱。环境宽松可以但可以随时监管任何角落,严而不束能任意抽查了解情况。目前多数大型企业采用西方的管理模式,采取严管重罚高薪严管的制度,但是忽略了制度本身的意义是催人奋进的动力,相互协调配合工作的依据而非是束缚人的工具。管理的目的是上下顺畅前后贯通左右衔接,绝不是管住与条块分割及各自为政。但是国内的多数企业管理制度还 很不科学,导致企业的层级管理程序复杂、手续烦琐办事效率低下人浮于事,出现制度压人权力治人争权损人夺利毁人的混乱局面,哪个企业敢说自己的企业不存在这些现象呢? 管理制度是企业所有员工共同遵守的条例,不分资历深浅职务高低必须一视同仁。国内的企业总是说制度面前人人平等,管理出发的宗旨是对事不对人,其实永远都是对人不对事同样的事情,张三可以轻松过关而李四就要严厉处罚。管理制度不应该搞一刀切可以有变通但绝不是因人而“量刑”。应该根据不同的情况采取不同的管理方式,治理国家都采取灵活多变的管理制度,分为中央统一管理制度下的直辖市模式、省级模式、自治区模式、一国两治模式还有计划单列市模式等等,国家如此企业更应该采取灵活的管理模式,例如企业内部员工的管理制度与企业外部管理制度要分开各有差异,我本人认为管理制度要有三种选择,例如完全按照制度执行或者有条件遵循制度与不遵循管理制度,就是说管理制度有三个选择,你只要符合这三个选择都可以视为遵守制度,即为为人性化管理。 3 加强企业节能降耗管理 首先从企业内部入手控制成本降低消耗,以前企业的各个车间及部门领取物资,只要部门领导签字就可以到仓库领取物资,没有了去领用完了再领多数物资的去向不明造成物资的极大浪费。首先是物资的领用不规范,只要有车间主任的签字每天都可以领用,很多物资使用的周期比较长不可能经常更换或者是经常损耗,这其中的奥秘是“损公肥私”。物资的使用情况没有登记管理制度,损耗与破损和使用周期均没有登记造册,根本无从知晓物资真实的使用情况,缺乏必要的监督检查的重要环节造成很多物资的极大浪费,公领私用现象非常普遍。企业的采购部门也是快用完了就去采购周而复始,从来没有人总结与质疑有的物资到底有多少真正用在“公”字上。因为谁也不愿意为了企业的事去树敌得罪人,造成企业的经营管理成本居高不下。让每个车间与部门上报年度费用预算计划,非但没有降低能耗反而大副度提升,纠其原因是物价上涨所致。企业的核心领导让所有的车间主任与部门领导,必须把报表细致到每一个品种的数量必须把费用降下来,否则视为不称职就地免职。这一招非常奏效每个车间与部门都做得非常认真,新管理制度采取谁使用谁申请、谁负责谁受益谁预算的原则,制定科学严谨的预算节约奖超出罚的管理办法,费用管理数据化物资管理明确化品种数量数字化,细致到每一个品种的使用数量,精确到年用量每月用量周用量是多少,科学的预算帮助企业科学合理使用资金,提高资金利用率增加利润。预算管理落实到人谁负责谁申报,谁负责谁担责谁受益的管理方式,费用在原来的基础上下降了30%,因为细致到每月每周每天使用的物资数量,再细致到每个品种的使用数量,超出与节约关系到个人利益车间与部门非常清楚使用数量,自己严格把关杜绝公领私用的弊端,加强机器的保养与维护提高效率,维修破损的零件经过维修保养可继续使用降低成本,延长易损易坏的零部件的使用时间,减少换新的频次降低消耗节约成本,还有原来报废的零部件经过专业人士的维修又发挥了作用,同时优化岗位机构提高劳动效率产品合格率提高到8%,真正做到人尽其才物尽其用优化资源提高效益。严格按照预算执行超出部分扣除部门的奖金,减少负责人的浮动工资收入,车间主任严格把关因为涉及到自己的切身利益。预算计划执行非常成功,部门的奖金超额发放到员工到班组长及车间主任,员工的收入增加了企业的凝聚力强战斗力提升了企业的竞争力提高了。 管理的科学企业可快速发展提高企业的竞争优势,提高品牌的市场占有率及影响力。管理混乱企业就会失去市场失去客户失去消费者,员工人心向背思想涣散企业失去凝聚力很快就会倒下。向管理要效益是完全正确的关键是要根据企业自身的情况,符合自身企业实际情况的、适合企业发展现状的管理模式就是最好的管理模式,所以说向管理要效益是企业永恒的主题。 参考文献 [1]张文昌现代管理学(原理卷)[M]山东人民出版社, [2]姜杰管理学名著与案例[M]山东人民出版社, [3]张康之,齐明山一般管理学原理[M]中国人民大学出版社,
工商管理论文:中小企业发展战略目标与发展方向选择摘要:针对中小企业在各国经济发展中的作用和我国中小企业的现状,指出对我国中小企业发展战略和发展方向进行研究的必要性。在研究战略目标定位时,从中小企业的发展环境、运行结果、噩社会效益三个方面出发,提出了在这三个方面所要达到的战略目标以噩要实现访目标所要迭到的十太要求。在确定中小企业发展方向时,鲒告中国国情、中小企业的特点噩加八WTO给我国带来的机遇和挑战,提出了要坚持发展特色型中小企业、配套型中小企业噩科技型中小盘业等7个发展方向。关键词:中小企业;中小企业发展战略;中小企业发展方向世界经济发展实践表明:中小企业以其经营方式灵活、组织成本低廉、转移进退便捷等优势更能适应当今瞬息万变的市场和消费者追求个性化、潮流化的要求,呈现蓬勃发展的良好态势。在包括发达国家在内的世界各国的经济发展中,中小企业都有着举足轻重的地位,发挥着不可替代的作用�6�8。特别是在我国这样一个人口众多、地域辽阔、各地经济发展水平差别很大的国家,中小企业的发展更具有重要的意义。目前我国中小企业约1ooo万户,劳动密集型出口产品和一些高新技术出口产品大多是中小企业生产的,中小企业产品出口额占全国出口总额的6o% ;中小企业提供了大约75%的城镇就业机会,我国从农村转移出来的劳动力绝大部分被中小企业所吸纳 中小企业每年为国家缴纳的工商税收占总额的50%左右。在2o世纪90年代以来的经济快速增长中,工业新增产值的76.7%是由中小企业创造的。但是应该看到,我国中小企业由于受到多种因素的影响,其发展面临着空前的困难,其思想观念、技术装备、经营管理组织结构等方面都存在着严重的问题。为了使我国中小企业能够适应经济发展和市场竞争的需要,充分发挥其在国民经济中的重要作用,有必要首先明确中小企业发展的战略目标和战略方向。一、战略目标中小企业发展的战略目标就是对中小企业的战略定位,这种定位既要成为我国中小企业的追求目标,起到引导我国中小企业发展的作用,又要使其在运行过程中通过努力实现并能推动中小企业的逐步发展,是运行过程中的动态目标 。就其目标而言.既要与我国国情相符台,又要与中小企业发展的现状相统一;就其动态来看,还要与加入WTO后的世界经济形势相统一。通过研究我们认为中小企业的发展主要应实现以下三个方面的战略目标:运动状态支持目标、中小企业运行结果目标、社会效益目标。(一)运动状态支持目标这主要是从外部环境来讨论中小企业发展的战略目标。企业的发展是一个动态过程,必须在一个有利于其发展的大环境系统中才能成长壮大。特别是中小企业,由于它们是一个弱势群体,更需要系统环境目标的实现才能达到自身运行的结果目标和社会效益目标。因此,运行状态支持目标就自然构成战略目标中最重要的目标之一。而具体要达到以下几个目标。1.政府扶持到位政府的政策扶持是一个关系到中小企业发展方向和系统目标能否实现的首要问题。由于中小企业资金缺乏、人才短缺、技术落后,很难与大企业相互抗衡,也由于自身条件的限制无法获得发展所必要的资金、人才和技术,这就要求政府对其进行必要的扶持,创造良好的外部环境。政府扶持政策到位目标体现在政府观念的到位、政府身份的到位、政府扶持政策的到位。(1)政府观念的到位是指政府应改变自己的观念,认识到大中小企业都是社会主义市场经济中平等的一员,都能为国家的经济发展和社会稳定做出各自的贡献.并且大中小企业是一个不可分割的整体,这种规模结构的形成过程是既定约束条件下资源的配置过程,它们相互依存、互相协作、互为补充、共同发展,都应给予同等的政治地位和经济地位,而不能只重视大企业,忽视甚至歧视中小企业。(2)政府身份的到位是指政府在促进中小企业发展的过程中以恰当的角色出现在中小企业面前,不能超越其职权干预中小企业的生产经营。政府的行为应该是:代表和维护中小企业的利益;负责对中小企业的宏观指导、发展规划和发展产业指导;负责贯彻落实及督促和检查中央有关中小企业发展的文件的执行;推动服务体系建设,为中小企业创造良好的生存空间和发展环境等。(3)政府扶持政策的到位是指政府制订的政策有利于中小企业的发展,政府运用政策的行为是间接管理而不是直接管理,是引导而不是行政干预。2.社会服务到住由于中小企业的自我生存和发展的能力差,一般很难通过自身的努力来满足资金、技术和人才的需要以及实现信息、培训、市场、法律等方面的自我服务,故政府、社会中介机构都要采取措施,以便中小企业能为自身的生存和发展获得所必需的各种资源和信息。(1)以行政区划为载体形成为中小企业服务的行政机构1)参与、帮助为中小企业服务的政策性中介机构。政策性中介机构是指那些由政府出资设立的实施特定政策意图、不以盈利为目的的中介机构,可设立提供长期贷款的融资机构、出口担保机构和免费为创业者提供注册、信息服务的商会及社区机构 。2)根据市场需要由政府协助成立以盈利为目的的为中小企业服务的金融、投资、咨询、信息、培训等机构 。(2)以社区为依托,以民间投资为主体(政府适当资助),建立中小企业综合服务组织,形成全国中小企业服务体系,为中小企业提供资金融通、技术创新、培训辅导、信息网络、市场拓展、合作服务。3.融资服务中介人到位中小企业发展中最大的难题是自有资金不足,而光靠自己的信誉和财产抵押难以筹集到企业发展所需要的资金,这就需要有为中小企业服务的中介人来协调银行和中小企业之间的关系,鼓励银行更好地为中小企业服务。中介人可以是中小企业工会组织的代表团和中小企业贷款担保公司。通过他们的努力工作,使中小企业与银行之间的关系更为紧密,帮助中小企业打通筹集资金的渠道,增加金融机构对中小企业的资金投入。(二) 运行结果目标这是从中小企业内部机制来讨论其战略定位。运动状态支持目标只是为中小企业的发展建立了有利的外部经济条件和环境,要从根本上促进中小企业获得长远的发展,中小企业自身还必须建立起良好的内部机制,具体要实现以下目标。1.增加数量中小企业的发展首先在数量上要得到较快的增加。为了充分发挥中小企业在我国工业化进程中的作用,在今后10年内应以每年15% ~2o% 的数量递增为益。2 提高素质中小企业从业人员素质偏低是一个普遍问题,既不利于原有企业的发展,也不利于新企业的创立。政府应果断采取措施,创造条件,帮助它们提高自身的素质,迅速改变现有这一状况3.结构合理我国中小企业在运行体系中结构矛盾突出,行业结构、产品结构、区域结构都不合理,这是使我国中小企业面临困境的重要因素,必须迅速突破。我们必须分析结构不合理的原因,寻找矛盾的焦点,采取有力措施争取在2年时间内使三大结构矛盾得以解决,使我国中小企业的运行结构趋于合理。4.理顺体制我国中小企业的体制矛盾主要是政企不分、政资不分。目前要解决的还是要使企业真正成为自主经营、自负盈亏、自我约束、自我发展的市场主体。集体企业的体制矛盾是公司治理结构不合理。产权不明晰、激励机制和约束机制缺乏,使中小企业运行的效率低下,难以真正发展壮大,所以,政府应该采取不同的措施,帮助中小企业理顺体制,建立现代企业制度。{三) 运行的社会效益目标这是从中小企业产生的社会效益对中小企业的战略定位。作为市场竞争主体的中小企业必然会以利润最大化为其目标,但企业的盈利目标与社会效益目标是密不可分的。每个企业都追求利润最大化并不能实现社会财富的最大化,社会财富的损失反过来又会阻碍中小企业的发展,因此我们应以中小企业在运行中所产生的整体社会效益作为中小企业是否得到发展的标准。我国中小企业运行的3个社会效益目标是:增多财富、增加就业、城市化程度提高。首先,中小企业的成长,有利于促进就业,增加职工收入,这样可以避免社会资本过于集中,促进社会财富在社会成员之间的均衡分配,达到共同致富的目标。其次,随着社会财富的增多,人们会投入更多的资金用于投资创办中小企业,使中小企业不断强大,扶而产生更大的社会效益。最后,中小企业的壮大,就业人口的增加和人们财富的增加为城市的发展奠定了基础,而城市化程度的提高又推动中小企业的发展,二者互为条件,互相促进。
搜索一下"星诺考试论坛"找到"毕业论文下载",里面的论文很全我的论文就是在那里找到的!!
企业合规管理论文范文大全高中生物
企业外部环境分析 1、 宏观环境分析 一般认为企业的宏观环境因素有四类,即政治和法律环境、经济环境、社会文化与自然环境以及技术环境。 政治和法律环境,是指那些制约和影响企业的政治要素和法律系统,以及其运行状态。政治环境包括国家的政治制度、权力机构、颁布的方针政策、政治团体和政治形势等因素。法律环境包括国家制定的法律、法规、法令以及国家的执法机构等因素。政治和法律因素是保障企业生产经营活动的基本条件。 经济环境,是指构成企业生存和发展的社会经济状况及国家的经济政策,包括社会经济结构、经济体制、发展状况、宏观经济政策等要素。通常衡量经济环境的指标有国内生产总值、就业水平、物价水平、消费支出分配规模、国际收支状况,以及利率、通货供应量、政府支出、汇率等国家货币和财政政策等。经济环境对企业生产经营的影响更为直接具体。 社会文化环境,是指企业所处的社会结构、社会风俗和习惯、信仰和价值观念、行为规范、生活方式、文化传统、人口规模与地理分布等因素的形成和变动。自然环境,是指企业所处的自然资源与生态环境,包括土地、森林、河流、海洋、生物、矿产、能源、水源、环境保护、生态平衡等方面的发展变化。这些因素关系到企业确定投资方向、产品改进与革新等重大经营决策问题。 技术环境,是指企业所处的环境中的科技要素及与该要素直接相关的各种社会现象的集合,包括国家科技体制、科技政策、科技水平和科技发展趋势等。技术环境影响到企业能否及时调整战略决策,以获得新的竞争优势。(摘自《企业战略分析》,邹昭晞著,经济管理出版社,第 20- 22页。) 2 、微观环境分析 企业的微观环境主要包括产业环境和市场环境两个方面。产品生命周期、产业五种竞争力、产业内的战略群体、成功关键因素等分析方法是微观环境分析的重要内容。市场需求与竞争的经济学分析能够深化对微观环境的理解与认识。以下对产业的生命周期、产业结构分析、市场结构与竞争、市场需求状况、产业内的战略群体和成功关键因素分析进行简要介绍。 (1)产业的生命周期。在一个产业中,企业的经营状况取决于其所在产业的整体发展状况以及该企业在产业中所处的竞争地位。分析产业发展状况的常用方法是认识产业所处的生命周期的阶段。产业的生命周期阶段可以用产品的周期阶段来表示,分为开发期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期四个阶段。只有了解产业目前所处的生命周期阶段,才能决定企业在某一产业中应采取进入、维持或撤退,才能进行正确的新的投资决策,才能对企业在多个产业领域的业务进行合理组合,提高整体盈利水平。 (2)产业结构分析。根据波特教授从产业组织理论角度提出的产业结构分析的基本框架——五种竞争力分析,可以从潜在进入者、替代品、购买者、供应者与现有竞争者间的抗衡来分析产业竞争的强度以及产业利润率。潜在进入者的进入威胁在于减少了市场集中,激发了现有企业间的竞争,并且瓜分了原有的市场份额。替代品作为新技术与社会新需求的产物,对现有产业的“替代”威胁的严重性十分明显,但几种替代品长期共存的情况也很常见,替代品之间的竞争规律仍然是价值高的产品获得竞争优势。购买者、供应者讨价还价的能力取决于各自的实力,比如卖(买)方的集中程度、产品差异化程度与资产专用性程度、纵向一体化程度以及信息掌握程度等。产业内现有企业的竞争,即一个产业内的企业为市场占有率而进行的竞争,通常表现为价格竞争、广告战、新产品引进以及增进对消费者的服务等方式。 (3)市场结构与竞争。经济学中对市场结构的四种分类:完全竞争、垄断竞争、寡头垄断和完全垄断有助于对市场竞争者的性质加以正确的估计。严格定义的完全竞争市场在现实生活中并不存在,但这一市场中激烈的价格竞争使价格趋向于边际成本的描述在许多消费品市场中却屡见不鲜。垄断竞争市场中,产品的差异性为企业建立了固定客户,幷且允许企业对这些固定客户享有价格超过边际成本的一些市场权力。寡头垄断市场中,企业的决策要依赖于其他企业的选择,决策主体的行为发生直接相互作用条件下的决策均衡问题日益受到广泛重视。完全垄断市场上,垄断厂商控制操纵价格和产量的行为因损害了消费者的利益受到了反垄断政策的制约,但企业通过创新来取得垄断力量和实现高额利润的努力也存在一定的合理性,从长期看对垄断的限制对消费者是不利的,因为它限制了竞争。 (4)市场需求状况。可以从市场需求的决定因素和需求价格弹性两个角度分析市场需求。人口、购买力和购买欲望决定着市场需求的规模,其中生产企业可以把握的因素是消费者的购买欲望,而产品价格、差异化程度、促销手段、消费者偏好等影响着购买欲望。影响产品需求价格弹性的主要因素有产品的可替代程度、产品对消费者的重要程度、购买者在该产品上支出在总支出中所占的比重、购买者转换到替代品的转换成本、购买者对商品的认知程度以及对产品互补品的使用状况等。 (5)产业内的战略群体。确定产业内所有主要竞争对手战略诸方面的特征是产业分析的一个重要方面。一个战略群体是指某一个产业中在某一战略方面采用相同或相似战略的各企业组成的集团。战略群体分析有助于企业了解自己的相对战略地位和企业战略变化可能产生的竞争性影响,使企业更好地了解战略群体间的竞争状况、发现竞争者,了解各战略群体之间的“移动障碍”,了解战略群体内企业竞争的主要着眼点,预测市场变化和发现战略机会等。 (6)成功关键因素。作为企业在特定市场获得盈利必须拥有的技能和资产,成功关键因素可能是一种价格优势、一种资本结构或消费组合、或一种纵向一体化的行业结构。不同产业的成功关键因素存在很大差异,同时随着产品生命周期的演变,成功关键因素也会发生变化,即使是同一产业中的各个企业,也可能对该产业成功关键因素有不同的侧重。
你可以去看下(现代管理)、(服务科学和管理)、(管理科学与工程)等等这样的期刊~看下里面的参考范文吧~
工商管理方面的论文写过很多的,
企业合规管理论文范文大全高中生
五、对提高我国国有大中型企业技术创新能力的对策和建议1.企业技术创新的战略定位首先要正确处理引进和创新的关系。引进国外先进技术和装备的目标可分为以下几个层次:一是在最短的时间内,缩小与发达国家的技术装备水平差距;二是对引入的技术装备做全面的消化和吸收,进行模仿创新,避免重复引进;三是在消化吸收的基础上进行自主创新,从局部开始突破, 逐渐形成独有的专有技术。根据我国国有大中型企业技术创新的实际状况,企业技术创新的战略可以定位如下:合理适量地引入先进技术和装备,重点消化、吸收已引进的技术,逐步建设和完善有利于企业自主创新的制度。2.企业技术创新模式的选择企业可以选择自主创新模式,也可以选择模仿创新模式。自主创新模式是指创新主体以自身的研究开发为基础,实现科技成果的商品化、产业化和国际化,获取商业利益的创新活动。但自主创新模式也有缺点。一是需要巨额的投入,不仅要投巨资于研究与开发,还必须拥有实力雄厚的研发队伍,具备一流的研发水平。二是高风险性,其开发的成功率相当低,如美国基础性研究的成功率仅为5% , 在应用研究中有5O% 能获得技术上的成功、30%f~获得商业上的成功,只有12%能给企业带来利润。三是时间长,不确定性大。四是市场开发难度大、资金投入多、时滞性强,市场开发投入收益较易被跟随者无偿占有。五是在一些法律不健全、知识产权保护不力的地方,自主创新成果有可能面临被侵犯的危险。模仿创新模式是指创新主体通过学习模仿率先创新者的方法,引进、购买或破译率先创新者的核心技术和技术秘密,并以此为基础进行改进的做法。模仿创新模式的主要缺点是被动性,在技术开发方面缺乏超前性。如果技术创新主要依靠模仿模式,从长期来看,这会进一步拉大同先进水平之间的差距,并最终形成技术依赖。结合我国的实际情况,国有大中型企业技术创新模式的选择应该“有所为、有所不为”,少数有实力的企业可以在某些有优势的领域选择自主创新,而在相对劣势的领域选择模仿创新。3.充分重视人力资本的作用 企业之间的竞争归根到底是人才的竞争,对科技人员的管理要真正做到以人为本的原则,充分尊重员工个人发展的需要,加强针对技术人员自我发展的晋升台阶和制度的建设,应给技术能力达到新一台阶的技术人员以相应的施展能力的舞台和空间。4.建立民主气氛浓厚的创新文化 “官本位”和民主气氛不浓的问题对国有企业亦是一个老生常谈的问题,这涉及到管理体制、历史观念及企业文化等方面。解决的思路还是要从制度安排上着手,最简单有效的办法就是权力下放到集体决策部门,从制度上削弱个人的权力。不能指望一个从制度上被赋了大量权力的“官”会自觉地克制自己的权力欲望, 因此权力下放必须是制度上的权力下放。这才是确确实实的权力下放,有利于调动技术人员的积极性。实践已证明技术人员的创新活动在民主气氛下更容易得到发挥。建议由技术人员、部分营销生产人员和相应管理人员投票选出职工代表组成技术创新员工代表大会,每年召开一次大会提出并审议重大技术创新项目和重大员工培训项目等;并选出技术创新执行委员会成员,负责组织一切重大创新活动和日常的员工培训活动。5.企业内部充分引入竞争机制,进一步完善激励机制 当前,我国国有大中型企业的技术创新体系中竞争和激励机制效率不高,主要表现在以下两个方面。第一,在所有从事技术岗位的科技人员中,高收入者和低收入者只占非常少数,而中间的大部分技术人员收入相差并不大,因此,激励的深度和广度都还不够,未充分拉开勤奋者与懒惰者、高能力者与低能力者的差距。第二,未建立竞争中失败者的惩罚和淘汰机制。竞争的本质和目的就是鉴别优劣并分别加以对待,而我国国有大中型企业的技术人员,很少有人因竞争失败而被转岗或下岗。以上两个方面的原因导致良莠不分,其结果导致优者也会因为感觉与劣者差别不大而失去勤奋努力的动力。针对此,应进一步拉开激励差距,实行优胜劣汰;同时,针对科技人员回避高难度的理论研究课题的现象,应加大这方面的激励强度。6.充分利用外部资源,分散创新风险,进一步加强合作创新力度 合作创新是指企业间或企业与科研机构、高等院校之间联合开展创新的做法。由于全球技术创新的加快和技术竞争的日趋激烈,企业技术问题的复杂性、综合性和系统性日益突出,依靠单个企业的力量越来越难以完成技At~,J新的任务。因此,利用外部力量和创新资源,实现优势互补、成果共享,已成为进行技At ~,J新日益重要的趋势。从实际调研情况来看,我国国有大中型企业与科研机构、高等院校之间的合作短期化行为明显;而企业与学校、研究院所之间缺乏长期共同的利益是导致产学研短期行为的主要原因。解决的思路是建立企业与学校、研究院所长期的共同利益。具体建议如下:企业可长期聘用某些学校与研究院所的技术专家、长期资助其实验活动,而受聘的技术人员本身并不离开原单位,这样企业就等于长期租用了院校及研究院所的技术和设备,就费用而言比企业自己出资建立实验室和招聘专职技术人员要省得多;另外由于企业和院校、研究院所有了长期合作契约,将更有利于对研究项目的长期深入研究,从而克服短期化合作的弊端。参考文献[1]王其藩,杨文斌.论创造力的文化基础和“天人和合,以人为本”【J】.科技导报,2001(4),16—19[2]傅家骥等.技术创新学【M】.北京:清华大学出版社,1998[3]许庆瑞主编.研究、发展和技术创新管理[M】.北京:高等教育出版社,2000[4]王学鸿.技术创新理论与技术生产力的实现【J].当代经济研究,2000(10),51~54[5]陈琪等.企业技术创新的环境与对策研究【J】.工业技术经济,2001(3),19—21[6]国家发布全国R&D资源清查情况【J】.科技管理,2002(5),21—24[7]王其藩.高级系统动力学【M】.北京:清华大学出版社,1995 -[8]卢长利。唐元虎.浅析企业创新机制【J】.软科学,2001(1),75—78
工商管理方面的论文写过很多的,
朋友您什么时候要呢,是专科的,本科的,硕士还是博士的?有什么具体的要求吗?
这个删处了吧 !!!重新来一个大佬
企业合规管理论文题目大全高中生物
只能给你个大概思路,当做借鉴吧,行不行你自己决定。既然对比就要有实例,所以这类论文的基本思路就是例证和数据。中资企业的人力资源管理现状,最好举例有代表性的,然后总结分类。也可以现找资料总结分类,然后举出相应的实例。最好要有数据支撑。然后就是外资企业的人力资源管理了。外资企业有哪些,他们的人力资源管理有哪些共同点,找共同点为主。然后对比总论,中资企业人力资源管理与外资企业人力资源管理的差异,最后,提出哪些值得学习借鉴的地点,提出自己的发展观点。一般思路就是这样的。问题就是题目太大,建议可以找到差距最大的地方在哪里,把这个地方最为副标题,然后集中分析这一点,这样比较好些。
工商企业管理是研究工商企业经济管理基本理论和一般方法的学科,该专业的应用性很强,它的目标是依据管理学、经济学、会计学等基本理论,通过运用现代管理的方法和手段来进行有效的企业管理和经营决策,保证企业的生存和发展学术堂整理了20条工商企业管理毕业论文题目,供大家参考: 1、企业并购中的文化整合问题 2、我国快速消费品行业营销渠道管理研究 3、基础设施产业反垄断问题研究 4、我国网游产业开展网络营销的策略分析 5、企业信息化与电子商务 6、企业信息化与营销创新 7、企业信息化与管理创新 8、WTO对中国电子商务的影响 9、电子商务与物流管理平台构建与应用 10、企业电子化与商务整合策略研究 11、决策支持系统在电子化企业中的应用 12、企业间信息系统平台的开发与构建 13、物流管理的应用技术研究和实施 14、企业并购中的文化整合问题 15、企业购并扩张研究 16、浅议商业银行管理创新 17、浅析企业货币资金内部控制 18、探讨深化国企改革与建立经营者的激励和约束机制问题 19、论企业的激励机制 20、论中国私营企业的人力资源管理
比如说中小企业薪酬体系的建立。或者岗位价值评估在企业中的运用(可以就几种岗位价值评估的理论介绍,优缺点,适用什么类型的企业,实例)
你去看下(现代管理、管理科学与工程)这样的吧~
企业合规管理论文范文大全高中英语
Managing people effectively in extension programmes is a skill that requires constant planning and An extension programme manager can be defined as the person who is vested with formal authority over an organization or one of its sub He or she has status that leads to various interpersonal relations, and from this comes access to Information, in turn, enables the manager to devise strategies, make decisions, and implement action (Mintzberg, 1988) Management is concerned with the optimum attainment of organizational goals and objectives with and through other Extension management organizations are characterized by many strategies, wide spans of control, democracy, and Their management practices cannot be reduced to one standard set of operating guidelines that will work for all organizations However, all managers of professional organizations face the same challenge: to manage one's time, objectives, and resources in order to accomplish tasks and implement ideas (Waldron, 1994) Managers of extension programmes are painfully aware of the need for revision and development of the new skill sets held by today's high If change is not handled correctly, it can be more devastating then ever High performers reflect, discover, assess, and They know that a new focus on connecting the heads, hearts, and hands of people in their organization is Astute managers know what needs to be done but struggle with how to do Quite often they prefer to consider themselves as teachers or communicators rather than This results in under-utilization of the increasing amount of literature on management theory and The root of the problem is They must learn how to motivate others and build an efficient More formally defined, management is the process by which people, technology, job tasks, and other resources are combined and coordinated so as to effectively achieve organizational A process or function is a group of related activities contributing to a larger Management functions are based on a common philosophy and They centre around the following: Developing and clarifying mission, policies, and objectives of the agency or organization Establishing formal and informal organizational structures as a means of delegating authority and sharing responsibilities Setting priorities and reviewing and revising objectives in terms of changing demands Maintaining effective communications within the working group, with other groups, and with the larger community Selecting, motivating, training, and appraising staff Securing funds and managing budgets; evaluating accomplishments and Being accountable to staff, the larger enterprise, and to the community at large (Waldron, 1994b)The management functions listed above can be categorized by using the acronym POSDCORB (Bonoma & Slevin, 1978, from Gulick & Urwick, 1959): · Planning: outlining philosophy, policy, objectives, and resultant things to be accomplished, and the techniques for accomplishment · Organizing: establishing structures and systems through which activities are arranged, defined, and coordinated in terms of some specific objectives · Staffing: fulfilling the personnel function, which includes selecting and training staff and maintaining favourable work conditions · Directing: making decisions, embodying decisions in instructions, and serving as the leader of the enterprise · Coordinating: interrelating the various parts of the work · Reporting: keeping those to whom you are responsible, including both staff and public, informed · Budgeting: making financial plans, maintaining accounting and management control of revenue, and keeping costs in line with objectivesPlanningPlanning is the key management function of any extension It is the process of determining in advance what should be accomplished, when, by whom, how, and at what Regardless of whether it is planning long-term program priorities or planning a two-hour meeting, the planning aspect of management is the major contributor to success and Stated simply, "If you don't know where you are going, then you won't know when you have arrived!" Planning is the process of determining the organization's goals and objectives and making the provisions for their It involves choosing a course of action from available Planning is the process of determining organizational aims, developing premises about the current environment, selecting the course of action, initiating activities required to transform plans into action, and evaluating the The types of planning that managers engage in will depend on their level in the organization and on the size and type of the Generally there are four major types of planning exercises: strategic, tactical, contingency, and Strategic planning involves determining organizational goals and how to achieve This usually occurs at the top management Tactical planning is concerned with implementing the strategic plans and involves middle and lower Contingency planning anticipates possible problems or changes that may occur in the future and prepares to deal with them effectively as they arise (Marshall, 1992) Managerial planning is usually considered as microlevel It helps in combining resources to fulfil the overall objectives of the extension A needs assessment may initiate a need for developing a The planning process begins with the creation of a philosophy that consists of statements describing the values, beliefs, and attitudes of the Its mission statement is a proclamation of its purpose or reason for After the philosophy and mission statements have been established, various goals and objectives are Goals are usually general statements that project what is to be accomplished in the An objective is a concrete statement describing a specific Policies are predetermined guides to decision making; they establish boundaries or limits within which action may be Managers are related to policy formation in two First, they play a crucial role in implementing organizational policies that have been established by higher Second, they create policies within their departments as guides for their own work Procedures outline the series of steps to be followed when carrying out a designed policy or taking a particular course of Rules are used to provide final and definite Usually they are Planning is designing the future, anticipating problems, and imagining In short, planning is essential for anyone who wants to The functions of organizing, leading, staffing, and budgeting are means of carrying out the decisions of Everyone is a planner - a planner of meals, of work time, Of vacations, of Formal planning, however, distinguishes managers from non-managers, effective managers from ineffective Formal planning forces managers to think of the future, to set priorities, to encourage creativity, to articulate clear objectives, and to forecast the future in terms of anticipated problems and political Long-Range Planning Long-range planning is vitally important in that it focuses attention on crucial future issues which are vitally important to the It involves studying societal trends and issues, surveying current and anticipated learners' needs, and being aware of long-term research directions and changes in Many extension workers may think that such management is beyond their level of authority, control, or They may feel that such management is the prerogative of the director, the deputy minister, or the However, while senior levels of management must be involved, those who implement the objectives resulting from long-range planning should also be
Enterprise Management IncentivesA guide for employees, employers and advisersThis guidance aims to take you through the qualifying requirements for Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs) It is divided into sections which explain each part of the legislation contained in Schedule 5 Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act Detailed points are covered in a question and answer It also explains some key terms Unless otherwise stated, the statutory references in this guidance are to the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003, and the abbreviations ITEPA 2003 and Sch 5 have been used Remember that if you grant EMI options you may also have to consider other laws and For example, there may be company law and regulatory requirements to comply Such matters are not covered in this guide so you should consider whether you need to take relevant professional The information contained here is for guidance EMI options must at all times comply with the provisions of Schedule 5 ITEPA What’s in this guidance * What are Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs)? * How EMIs work * Qualifying companies * What makes an employee eligible? * About the options * Notification of grants of options * Income tax and National Insurance contributions * Capital gains tax * What happens when a company reorganises? * Useful contacts * EMI terms explainedWhat are Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs)?EMIs are tax advantaged share They are designed to help small, higher risk companies recruit and retain employees who have the skills to help them grow and They are also a way of rewarding employees for taking a risk by investing their time and skills to help small companies achieve their How EMIs workTax advantaged share options with a market value of up to £100,000 may be granted to a qualifying employee of a qualifying company, subject to a total share value of £3 million under EMI options to all The shares must be in an independent trading company that has gross assets of no more than £30 The grant of the option is tax-free and there will normally be no tax or National Insurance contributions (NICs) for the employee to pay when the option is There will normally be no NICs charge for the If the shares are sold at a gain, any capital gains tax (CGT) charge may be reduced because taper relief will normally start from the date that the option is The employer must notify HMRC of an award of EMI options within 92 days of the grant of the Throughout this guidance all references to employer are to the employing How companies qualify for EMIFor companies to qualify they must have maximum gross assets of no more than £30 million; for groups, this applies to the assets of the group as a The company whose shares are the subject of the option must be independent, and the company or group must be Companies carrying on certain trades will not There is more detail on qualifying How options qualify for tax relief under EMIIf an option is to qualify for tax relief: * the option has to be notified to HMRC in time and as required * the company whose shares are under option has to be a qualifying company * the type of share under option has to qualify * the employee has to be eligible * the terms of the option have to What makes an employee eligibleTo qualify for EMI an employee has to be employed by the company whose shares are the subject of the option, or by a An employee must spend at least 25 hours a week working for the company or the If his hours are shorter, he must spend at least 75% of his working time working as an employee for the company or There are more details on employee How EMIs workThis section outlines the main requirements for options to qualify under EMI, they are: * the purpose of the option * the maximum entitlement of the employee and * the overall limit on options to be granted by the The purpose of the optionThe options must be granted for commercial reasons to recruit or retain employees in a company, and not as part of an arrangement one of the main purposes of which is to avoid (Para 4 Sch 5)Can a company cancel existing options and replace them with EMI options?If the option is granted to recruit or retain employees the purpose test is This will depend on the facts and all the Maximum entitlementNo employee may hold unexercised qualifying EMI options with a market value of more than £100, The market value is taken at the date of The value to be used is the unrestricted market value, that is, the value of shares under option without taking into account any restrictions or the risk of forfeitureIf an option granted to an employee causes the £100,000 limit to be exceeded, the excess will not qualify as an EMI Are there limits on the number of qualifying options that an employee may be Granted within a particular period?Y Once an employee has been granted EMI, or EMI and Company Share Option Plan (CSOP) options up to the £100,000 limit, he must wait until 3 years after the last of these options was granted before he can be granted any more EMI qualifying options, even if he has exercised or released some of the He can then be granted further EMI options to the extent that any other EMI or CSOP options then held by him are below the £100,000 (Para 6 Sch 5)How are shares valued for the purposes of the £100,000 limit?The market value of any shares for this purpose is the price they might reasonably be expected to fetch on the open market, free from any restrictions or risk of forfeiture to which they may be If the shares under option are quoted on the London Stock Exchange, the market value is based on the prices on the Stock Exchange’s Daily Official L If shares are not quoted on the London Stock Exchange, the company may offer its own In that case, HMRC may enquire into the Alternatively, the company can ask HMRC Shares and Assets Valuation (SAV) to agree a valuation with them before the option is granted or whenever a valuation is Companies, or advisers, may find this If the exercise of the option is subject to performance conditions will this affect the determination of market value?N Performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the market value of the shares under Is there a limit on the number of employees who may hold EMI options?N Any number of employees may hold EMI options in a company or group, subject to a maximum of £3 million as the total value of shares under EMI option in a Qualifying CompaniesThis section sets out the conditions a company has to meet to qualify for EMI, they are: * independence * having only qualifying subsidiaries (including qualifying property managing subsidiaries after 17 March 2004) * gross assets * trading The requirements that companies have to meet for options to qualify under EMI are similar to the requirements for the Enterprise Investment Scheme, the Corporate Venturing Scheme and Venture Capital T However, both quoted and unquoted companies can qualify for EMIIndependenceA company whose shares are subject to EMI options must not be: * a 51% subsidiary (more than 50% of its ordinary share capital owned by another company), or * controlled by another company (or another company and persons connected with it)Arrangements must not exist which could result in the company becoming a 51% subsidiary or otherwise being (Para 9 Sch 5)Control in this context means the power of one company to ensure that the affairs of another company whose shares are subject to EMI option are conducted in accordance with that company’s This may be through share ownership, voting power, or because of any powers conferred by Articles of Association or other Qualifying subsidiaries (before 17 March 2004)For options granted before 17 March 2004, all of a company’s subsidiaries must be qualifying That is, the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must: * possess, directly or indirectly, at least 75% of the share capital and the voting power of the subsidiary * be entitled to receive at least 75% of the assets of the subsidiary, in the event of a winding up or in any other circumstances, if they were all distributed * be entitled to at least 75% of profits of the subsidiary available for distribution to No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be If a subsidiary company itself has subsidiaries, shares will not qualify to be used in an EMI option unless all these subsidiaries are also qualifying subsidiaries, as defined Example 1Company A has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company B, and the same % rights to votes, assets and Company B is therefore a qualifying Company B has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company C, and the same % rights to votes, assets and Company C it also therefore a qualifying Company A meets the EMI requirements in relation to its Example 2Company X has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company Y, and the same % rights to votes, assets and Company Y is therefore a qualifying Company X also has a 60% shareholding in subsidiary company Z, and the same % rights to votes, assets and Company Z is not a qualifying Company X therefore fails to meets the EMI requirements, as not all of its subsidiaries are qualifying Qualifying subsidiaries (after 17 March 2004)For options granted on or after 17 March 2004 all of a company’s subsidiaries must be qualifying That is, the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must hold, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the share capital of the (Para 11(2) Sch 5)No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be There is a further requirement if the company has subsidiaries that manage Qualifying property managing subsidiariesFor options granted on or after 17 March 2004, a company will not qualify if it has a property managing subsidiary which is not a 90% subsidiary of the (Para 11A(1) Sch 5)A property managing company is one whose business consists wholly or mainly in the holding of managing of land, buildings or interest in To be a qualifying property managing subsidiary, the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must: * possess, directly, at least 90% of the issued share capital and the voting power in the subsidiary * be entitled to receive at least 90% of the assets of the subsidiary, in the event of a winding up or in any other circumstances, if they were all distributed * be entitled to at least 90% of profits of the subsidiary available for distribution to No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be Gross assetsThe value of the company’s gross assets must not exceed £30 million at the date the EMI option is If the company is a member of a group of companies, the limits are applied to the gross assets of the group as a 由于篇幅有限,网址在这里-new-htm,你可以在那里看到完整。这是一篇关于企业管理的学术性文章。
先把它写成汉语的,修改定稿后,下载一个汉译英软件在翻译成英文。就解决了!!百试不爽!