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国际贸易专业论文范文大全高中英语

发布时间:2024-08-03 23:35:20

国际贸易专业论文范文大全高中英语

Protectionism Doesn't Pay The global financial crisis is no doubt a catalyst for trade As the world economy deteriorates, some countries try to boost growth prospects by erecting trade China calls on these governments not to replay history and revert to protectionism and economic Previous global economic crises were usually accompanied by frequent trade The United States' erection of large-scale tariffs in 1930, for example, triggered a retaliatory global trade During the two oil shocks in the 1970s and 1980s, trade frictions emerged when major economies attempted to increase exports by depreciating their And in the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, there was a notable uptick in antidumping actions, countervailing duties and other protectionist The financial crisis is now spilling over into the real economy, hitting sectors like manufacturing and In almost all countries, factories are closing and unemployment is rising, creating political pressure and social More and more governments are strengthening intervention in their economies under the excuse of 'economic security' and protecting vulnerable domestic industries to curb imports from other countries, especially those in emerging Trade protectionism differs from legally acceptable measures to protect It is an abuse of remedies provided by multilateral trade This kind of protectionism is morphing into more complex and disguised forms, ranging from conventional tariff and nontariff barriers to technical barriers to trade, industry standards and industry With the economic crisis worsening, caution must be taken even in employing trade protection measures consistent with World Trade Organization At the Group of 20 Financial Summit in November 2008, world leaders called for countries to resist trade protectionism and committed themselves to refraining from erecting new barriers to trade and investment, a message strongly echoed by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit at the end of last year, and the World Economic Forum held in Davos last History tells us that trade protection measures hurt not only other countries, but eventually the country that erected that trade barrier in the first To counter the Great Depression, the US adopted the Smoot-Hawley Act in 1930, which raised import duties of over 20,000 foreign products significantly and provoked protectionist retaliation from other Faced with that crisis, other countries pursued beggar-thy-neighbor policies that slashed global trade volumes from $36 billion in 1929 to $12 billion in Among the victims, not the least was the US itself, where exports shrank from $2 billion in 1929 to $2 billion in Even in the US, the Smoot-Hawley Act was widely believed to be a catalyst that aggravated the effects of Great DGlobal trade is now in dire Thanks to shrinking external demand caused by the economic crisis, major trading countries have seen their export growth tumble or have suffered huge Germany's exports dropped 6% in November 2008, compared to the same period the prior year -- the highest one-month drop since China also experienced negative export growth in November, and a 5% decline last month, when compared to the prior Protectionist policies would make things even worse and the consequences would be hard to In the heat of the crisis, it's critical that all countries refrain from pointing fingers at each other or pursuing their own interests at the expense of The financial crisis reflects a chronic illness resulting from global economic structural imbalance and financial risk accumulation, and there is no quick fix to this The fundamental interest of every country is to step up consultation and cooperation and keep international trade smoothly Healthy international trade can help revive the world During the Great Depression, the US recovered from its economic woes because the Franklin D Roosevelt administration implemented the New Deal and shunned Today's unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on China and other countries as China's economic growth has slowed, exports have plunged and unemployment pressure has Yet even so, China still firmly believes that trade protectionism isn't a solution to the world's In 2008, amid a contraction in global trade, China imported $133 trillion worth of goods from countries around the world -- an 5% increase over the prior These imports are boosting the economic development of China's trading Since the crisis broke out, the Chinese government has decisively put forward a series of measures aiming at stimulating domestic Given the size and openness of our country, the growth in China's domestic markets can be translated into greater market potential and investment opportunities for other This year China will continue to increase imports and send buying missions abroad for large-scale purchase of equipment, products and China has always championed our mutually beneficial opening-up policy and advocated international economic We maintain that the Doha Round of global trade negotiations should be taken forward in a way that meets the interests of members and complies with the multilateral trading system already China is ready to stand together with all nations in the world to face up to the challenges of today, tackle the financial crisis through cooperation and guide the world economy into a new period of 贸易保护主义无法拯救世界经济对贸易保护主义来说,全球金融危机无疑是一针催化剂。近一时期,随着全球经济形势恶化,一些国家自危、自利、自保倾向抬头。有识之士为此感到忧虑,呼吁各国在出台经济刺激计划时,一定要防止贸易保护主义和经济孤立主义的历史重演。历次全球经济危机往往都伴随着贸易争端的高发。1930年美国政府大范围提高关税,引发了全球范围报复性贸易战。上世纪七八十年代两次石油危机时,主要国家放任货币贬值以扩大出口的作法引发了贸易摩擦。1997年亚洲金融危机之后,全球反倾销、反补贴和保障措施案件明显增多。当前,金融危机已蔓延到制造业、服务业等实体经济领域,各国工厂倒闭剧增,失业率上升,政治压力和社会问题接踵而至。越来越多国家以“经济安全”和保护本国虚弱产业为由加强政府对经济的干预,阻挠其他国家特别是新兴国家企业出口。贸易保护主义不同于正当的贸易保护措施,它是对多边贸易规则中救济措施的滥用。从传统的关税和非关税壁垒,到技术性贸易壁垒、行业标准等,以及产业保护主义,当前贸易保护主义的形式更加复杂多样,隐蔽性更强。在危机加剧的背景下,即使符合WTO规则的保护措施也应慎用,这已成为各国共识。在2008年11月举行的G20金融峰会上,各国领导人同声呼吁抵制贸易保护主义,承诺在未来一年内,避免设置新的贸易和投资壁垒。年底的APEC领导人会议和今年初的世界经济论坛达沃斯年会,再次发出了反对保护主义强音。历史是一面镜子。任何针对他国的贸易保护举措,不仅会损害对方,最终也会伤及自身。经验告诉我们,大规模的贸易保护措施将使金融危机下本已严峻的经济形势更加困难。1930年美国为了应对经济危机,颁发了《斯姆特-霍利关税法》,大幅提高超过2万种外国商品的进口关税,结果引起了其他国家的贸易保护主义报复。面对危机,各国以邻为壑,全球贸易总额大幅缩减,从1929年的360亿美元缩小到1932年的120亿美元,美国自身也深受其害,出口总额从1929年的52亿美元左右缩减到1932年的12亿美元。这一法案即使在美国国内也被普遍认为是大萧条加剧的催化剂。如今全球贸易形势已相当严峻:经济危机导致外需衰退,各主要贸易国的出口增速已急剧下滑,甚至出现大幅萎缩。德国08年11月份出口额较前月大幅下滑6%,为1990年以来的最大单月降幅。中国08年11月以来出口连续出现负增长,其中09年1月出口下降了5%。如果未来贸易保护主义泛滥,使严峻的形势雪上加霜,造成的后果很难预料。我们应该认真思索,这样的后果世界能否承受,又是否值得承受?危机当头,重要的是各国携手共克时艰,而非互相指责,以邻为壑。金融危机是全球经济结构失衡、金融风险积聚长期积累的结果,解决问题也不可能一蹴而就。当前加强磋商、增强合作,保持国际贸易渠道畅通,才符合各国的根本利益。国际贸易的健康发展,是推动世界经济复苏的重要力量。当年罗斯福政府实行新政,与贸易保护主义决裂,带领美国经济走出低谷,推动了全球经济的增长。在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中,中国与其他国家一样都受到严重冲击。去年第三季度以来,经济增速放缓,出口大幅下滑,就业压力加大。即便如此,中国仍坚定认为,贸易保护主义是条死胡同。在全球贸易萎缩的情况下,2008年中国从各国进口11331亿美元的商品,增长5%,促进了贸易伙伴的经济发展。危机爆发以来,中国政府果断出台了一系列扩大内需的措施。作为一个开放的大国,中国内需的提升可为其他国家提供更大的市场空间和更多的投资机会。今年,中国将继续扩大进口,积极组织企业采购团,赴海外大规模采购,进口设备、商品和技术。中国始终奉行互利共赢的开放战略,倡导国际经济合作。我们主张积极推进符合各国利益与多边贸易体制的多哈回合谈判。中国愿与世界各国一道,以开放迎接挑战,以合作应对危机,共克时艰,推动世界经济走向新的繁荣。

建议写第四个题目,这种战略性研究论文,只需要将一些国际形势做做分析,然后再以具体的案例来辅助说明,基本上就能够写出一篇比较好的学术论文,一般要求5000字数应该是中文核心级别的论文吧,要不然就是CSCD,建议你百度下:普刊学术中心,很多关于论文的写作教程。如果你想发EI级别的文章,也可以百度下:EI学术会议中心,专门做EI会议论文的

推荐你去淘宝的:翰林书店,这个店铺应该能下载到这类论文。我去下过,很及时的

国际贸易专题论文范文大全高中英语

As the economic role of multinational,global corpora-tions expands,the international economic environment will be shaped increasingly not by governments or international institutions,but by the interaction between governments and global corporations, especially in the United States,Europe,and J A significant factor in this shifting world economy is the trend toward regional trading biocs of nations,which has a potentially large effect on the evolution of the world trading Two examples of this trend are the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA)and Europe 1992,the move by the European Community (EC)to dismantle impediments to the free flow of goods,services,capital,and labor among member states by the end of However, although numerous political and economic factors were operative in launching the move to integrate the EC‘s markets,concern about protectionism within the EC does not appear to have been a major This is in sharp contrast to the FTA,the overwhelming reason for that bilateral initiative was fear of increasing United States None-theless,although markedly different in origin and nature,both regional developments are highly significant in that they will foster integration in the two largest and richest markets of the world,as well as provoke questions about the future direction of the world trading

建议写第四个题目,这种战略性研究论文,只需要将一些国际形势做做分析,然后再以具体的案例来辅助说明,基本上就能够写出一篇比较好的学术论文,一般要求5000字数应该是中文核心级别的论文吧,要不然就是CSCD,建议你百度下:普刊学术中心,很多关于论文的写作教程。如果你想发EI级别的文章,也可以百度下:EI学术会议中心,专门做EI会议论文的

Protectionism Doesn't Pay The global financial crisis is no doubt a catalyst for trade As the world economy deteriorates, some countries try to boost growth prospects by erecting trade China calls on these governments not to replay history and revert to protectionism and economic Previous global economic crises were usually accompanied by frequent trade The United States' erection of large-scale tariffs in 1930, for example, triggered a retaliatory global trade During the two oil shocks in the 1970s and 1980s, trade frictions emerged when major economies attempted to increase exports by depreciating their And in the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, there was a notable uptick in antidumping actions, countervailing duties and other protectionist The financial crisis is now spilling over into the real economy, hitting sectors like manufacturing and In almost all countries, factories are closing and unemployment is rising, creating political pressure and social More and more governments are strengthening intervention in their economies under the excuse of 'economic security' and protecting vulnerable domestic industries to curb imports from other countries, especially those in emerging Trade protectionism differs from legally acceptable measures to protect It is an abuse of remedies provided by multilateral trade This kind of protectionism is morphing into more complex and disguised forms, ranging from conventional tariff and nontariff barriers to technical barriers to trade, industry standards and industry With the economic crisis worsening, caution must be taken even in employing trade protection measures consistent with World Trade Organization At the Group of 20 Financial Summit in November 2008, world leaders called for countries to resist trade protectionism and committed themselves to refraining from erecting new barriers to trade and investment, a message strongly echoed by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit at the end of last year, and the World Economic Forum held in Davos last History tells us that trade protection measures hurt not only other countries, but eventually the country that erected that trade barrier in the first To counter the Great Depression, the US adopted the Smoot-Hawley Act in 1930, which raised import duties of over 20,000 foreign products significantly and provoked protectionist retaliation from other Faced with that crisis, other countries pursued beggar-thy-neighbor policies that slashed global trade volumes from $36 billion in 1929 to $12 billion in Among the victims, not the least was the US itself, where exports shrank from $2 billion in 1929 to $2 billion in Even in the US, the Smoot-Hawley Act was widely believed to be a catalyst that aggravated the effects of Great DGlobal trade is now in dire Thanks to shrinking external demand caused by the economic crisis, major trading countries have seen their export growth tumble or have suffered huge Germany's exports dropped 6% in November 2008, compared to the same period the prior year -- the highest one-month drop since China also experienced negative export growth in November, and a 5% decline last month, when compared to the prior Protectionist policies would make things even worse and the consequences would be hard to In the heat of the crisis, it's critical that all countries refrain from pointing fingers at each other or pursuing their own interests at the expense of The financial crisis reflects a chronic illness resulting from global economic structural imbalance and financial risk accumulation, and there is no quick fix to this The fundamental interest of every country is to step up consultation and cooperation and keep international trade smoothly Healthy international trade can help revive the world During the Great Depression, the US recovered from its economic woes because the Franklin D Roosevelt administration implemented the New Deal and shunned Today's unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on China and other countries as China's economic growth has slowed, exports have plunged and unemployment pressure has Yet even so, China still firmly believes that trade protectionism isn't a solution to the world's In 2008, amid a contraction in global trade, China imported $133 trillion worth of goods from countries around the world -- an 5% increase over the prior These imports are boosting the economic development of China's trading Since the crisis broke out, the Chinese government has decisively put forward a series of measures aiming at stimulating domestic Given the size and openness of our country, the growth in China's domestic markets can be translated into greater market potential and investment opportunities for other This year China will continue to increase imports and send buying missions abroad for large-scale purchase of equipment, products and China has always championed our mutually beneficial opening-up policy and advocated international economic We maintain that the Doha Round of global trade negotiations should be taken forward in a way that meets the interests of members and complies with the multilateral trading system already China is ready to stand together with all nations in the world to face up to the challenges of today, tackle the financial crisis through cooperation and guide the world economy into a new period of 贸易保护主义无法拯救世界经济对贸易保护主义来说,全球金融危机无疑是一针催化剂。近一时期,随着全球经济形势恶化,一些国家自危、自利、自保倾向抬头。有识之士为此感到忧虑,呼吁各国在出台经济刺激计划时,一定要防止贸易保护主义和经济孤立主义的历史重演。历次全球经济危机往往都伴随着贸易争端的高发。1930年美国政府大范围提高关税,引发了全球范围报复性贸易战。上世纪七八十年代两次石油危机时,主要国家放任货币贬值以扩大出口的作法引发了贸易摩擦。1997年亚洲金融危机之后,全球反倾销、反补贴和保障措施案件明显增多。当前,金融危机已蔓延到制造业、服务业等实体经济领域,各国工厂倒闭剧增,失业率上升,政治压力和社会问题接踵而至。越来越多国家以“经济安全”和保护本国虚弱产业为由加强政府对经济的干预,阻挠其他国家特别是新兴国家企业出口。贸易保护主义不同于正当的贸易保护措施,它是对多边贸易规则中救济措施的滥用。从传统的关税和非关税壁垒,到技术性贸易壁垒、行业标准等,以及产业保护主义,当前贸易保护主义的形式更加复杂多样,隐蔽性更强。在危机加剧的背景下,即使符合WTO规则的保护措施也应慎用,这已成为各国共识。在2008年11月举行的G20金融峰会上,各国领导人同声呼吁抵制贸易保护主义,承诺在未来一年内,避免设置新的贸易和投资壁垒。年底的APEC领导人会议和今年初的世界经济论坛达沃斯年会,再次发出了反对保护主义强音。历史是一面镜子。任何针对他国的贸易保护举措,不仅会损害对方,最终也会伤及自身。经验告诉我们,大规模的贸易保护措施将使金融危机下本已严峻的经济形势更加困难。1930年美国为了应对经济危机,颁发了《斯姆特-霍利关税法》,大幅提高超过2万种外国商品的进口关税,结果引起了其他国家的贸易保护主义报复。面对危机,各国以邻为壑,全球贸易总额大幅缩减,从1929年的360亿美元缩小到1932年的120亿美元,美国自身也深受其害,出口总额从1929年的52亿美元左右缩减到1932年的12亿美元。这一法案即使在美国国内也被普遍认为是大萧条加剧的催化剂。如今全球贸易形势已相当严峻:经济危机导致外需衰退,各主要贸易国的出口增速已急剧下滑,甚至出现大幅萎缩。德国08年11月份出口额较前月大幅下滑6%,为1990年以来的最大单月降幅。中国08年11月以来出口连续出现负增长,其中09年1月出口下降了5%。如果未来贸易保护主义泛滥,使严峻的形势雪上加霜,造成的后果很难预料。我们应该认真思索,这样的后果世界能否承受,又是否值得承受?危机当头,重要的是各国携手共克时艰,而非互相指责,以邻为壑。金融危机是全球经济结构失衡、金融风险积聚长期积累的结果,解决问题也不可能一蹴而就。当前加强磋商、增强合作,保持国际贸易渠道畅通,才符合各国的根本利益。国际贸易的健康发展,是推动世界经济复苏的重要力量。当年罗斯福政府实行新政,与贸易保护主义决裂,带领美国经济走出低谷,推动了全球经济的增长。在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中,中国与其他国家一样都受到严重冲击。去年第三季度以来,经济增速放缓,出口大幅下滑,就业压力加大。即便如此,中国仍坚定认为,贸易保护主义是条死胡同。在全球贸易萎缩的情况下,2008年中国从各国进口11331亿美元的商品,增长5%,促进了贸易伙伴的经济发展。危机爆发以来,中国政府果断出台了一系列扩大内需的措施。作为一个开放的大国,中国内需的提升可为其他国家提供更大的市场空间和更多的投资机会。今年,中国将继续扩大进口,积极组织企业采购团,赴海外大规模采购,进口设备、商品和技术。中国始终奉行互利共赢的开放战略,倡导国际经济合作。我们主张积极推进符合各国利益与多边贸易体制的多哈回合谈判。中国愿与世界各国一道,以开放迎接挑战,以合作应对危机,共克时艰,推动世界经济走向新的繁荣。

国际贸易专业论文题目大全高中英语

学术堂精心整理了五十个新颖并好写的商务英语专业毕业论文题目,供大家参考:  1、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧  2、商务英语函电翻译技巧  3、商务英语信函的语体分析  4、浅谈商务信函的文体特征  5、商务英语学习方法探究  6、商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养  7、国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素  8、商务谈判中的跨文化冲突  9、试论普通英语与商务英语的差异  10、商务谈判中的语言艺术  11、商标名称的翻译与策略  12、广告英语的分类与分析  13、试论文化因素对商务活动的作用  14、商务英语听力策略研究  15、商务英语写作问题研究  16、商务英语考试技巧研究  17、电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策  18、国际商务英语信函话语分析  19、商务英语发展现状浅祈  20、商务英语翻译技巧  21、商务英语函电中的文化因素初探  22、商务英语专业人才培养模式改革与实践  23、试论文化导入在商务英语教学中的作用  24、中英文广告标题的共同点  25、中英文广告传播之语言特色及跨文化问题  26、商品译文的品牌形象对商务英语翻译教学的启示  27、商务英语翻译标准初探  28、试论商务英语写作的简洁礼貌原则及写作技巧  29、我国在国际贸易中实施反倾销的应对策略  30、商务函电翻译的用词技巧  31、商标名称的翻译与策略  32、商务谈判中的语言艺术  33、商务谈判的文化障碍  34、商务英语课程设置的探讨  35、商务谈判中英语的重要性  36、商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养  37、商务谈判中的跨文化冲突  38、商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系  39、英语口语或语法在商务领域中的运用  40、浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译  41、商务英语专业毕业生就业岗位探讨  42、浅谈高职学生英语听说技能的培养  43、文化差异对商务汉英翻译的影响  44、商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用  45、浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法  46、制单工作在国际结算中的地位  47、国际商务单证的作用和种类  48、浅析海运提单的风险及防范措施  49、如何翻译好日常商务文书  50、跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素

1、论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响2、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧3、商务函电翻译的用词技巧4、商标名称的翻译与策略5、汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧6、商务谈判中的语言艺术7、商务谈判的文化障碍8、商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用9、商务英语函电翻译技巧10、商务谈判中英语的重要性11、浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 12、礼仪在商务谈判中的作用13、浅谈涉外合同英语特色14、电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策15、商务谈判的艺术性16、跨文化的商务谈判

国际贸易论文范文大全高中英语

1、扩大内需与中国制造业出口结构优化:基于“母市场效应”理论的研究2、中外合资企业控制权分配与绩效关系的实证研究3、贸易关系持续时间的研究进展4、供给因素、结构变化、汇率与我国的双边贸易5、企业国际化程度与技术创新的关系:一种学习的观点6、美国产业结构的调整与贸易逆差7、构建中欧经贸关系“合作范式”研究8、东盟在全球产品内分工的地位与跨国公司FDI9、东亚因素对中美贸易失衡影响的定性与定量分析10、跨国外包体系下技术创新的出口效应——基于浙江省制造企业问卷调查数据的实证研究11、航权开放与出口导向型服务产业发展——基于三亚旅游业发展的实证分析12、FDI是稳定的外资来源吗?——基于FDI净流入额波动性的视角

这个题目不是很容易 百度搜索索尼论文 我写论文搜索了不少汉语 做参考的

中国企业实施跨国并购战略的理论研究_asp?pageid=959我国贸易与环境可持续发展问题探讨_asp?pageid=953我国贸易结构优化问题研究_asp?pageid=760 以上几篇都是国际贸易的论文题目,如果不懂可以咨询客服,希望我的回答可以帮助到你

急求论文,求关于外贸进出口的英语论文范文。谢谢!请发到我邮箱:非常感谢!!我知道最好的是“荨麻疹健桥网”手机写的,就答这么多吧,希望能帮到你

国际贸易专业论文范文大全高中语文

很好写的 我就是国贸的 查一些资料 把他们完美的结合在一起就行了

你们老师有给标题吗?

建议写第四个题目,这种战略性研究论文,只需要将一些国际形势做做分析,然后再以具体的案例来辅助说明,基本上就能够写出一篇比较好的学术论文,一般要求5000字数应该是中文核心级别的论文吧,要不然就是CSCD,建议你百度下:普刊学术中心,很多关于论文的写作教程。如果你想发EI级别的文章,也可以百度下:EI学术会议中心,专门做EI会议论文的

美国制造业海外转移的历史由来已久,自2008年金融危机之后,虚拟经济的持续膨胀使得在美国呼吁制造业回流的声音不断加大。根据美国商务部分析局(BEA)提供的经济结构数据分析知,美国制造业增加值占GDP的比重从1950年的77%下降至2016年的71%,美国经济发展不断呈现出制造业空心化趋势。造成这一结果就不得不提及美国早期的去工业化战略。美国早期的去工业化战略对其经济转型升级和快速增长起到了至关重要的作用,但是随之而来的是制造业空心化和工人失业,国内的高端服务业失去了根基,经济结构出现一系列问题,经济增长动力不足,最终美国经济下滑,爆发2008年的金融危机。这次危机使得美国欧洲等其他国家意识到制造业的重要性,各个国家都加大了对制造业的重视程度。美国从奥巴马政府至现在的特朗普政府再不断地出台一系列的措施促进美国的制造业回归来带动国内的经济复苏。奥巴马政府意识到实体经济对国家的重要性开始提出了美国制造业的回归战略;特朗普团队上台后基于增加美国就业机会、发展创新型经济和加强美国国际领导权等方面的考虑,进一步出台了吸引美国制造业回流本土的诸多政策。反观中国在工业制造领域不断拓展,增强自身竞争力,制造业的高速发展使我国经济稳步增长,在2010年我国的制造业增加值首次超越美国成为世界第一制造业大国,2017年中国制造业增加值占全球份额的27%。虽然我国制造业发展取得了一系列成果,但是美国倡导的制造业回流势必会对我国制造业产生影响,尤其是对中国制造业在全球价值链中的分工地位。本文通过分析美国再工业化的历程,文旨在分析出美国制造业回归对中国制造业全球价值链分工的影响,并为未来中国制造业发张指明方向。2国外研究现状 美国制造业的回归作为美国近几年为经济复苏做的大举措,被国内外的众多研究学者关注。Jing Chen(2017)认为美国经济会有一个新的开始,迎来制造业的复兴,他通过麦肯锡战略、企业金融和宏观经济学高级分析中心高级专家埃兹拉·格林伯格(Ezra·Greenberg)得出自大衰退以来,美国的经济增长即使不惊人,但也是稳定的,通过在五个领域的措施,美国可以建立一个更有活力、更具包容性的经济体[1]。根据Scott Miller(2018)的研究,制造业仍然是美国产出的主要组成部分,然而近几年中国只有少数几个高科技行业实现了持续增长[2]。与中国恰恰相反的是,美国的再工业化不再是回归低端制造产业链,美国制造业的复兴是产业结构优化例如全球、低能源成本、智能制造等高新制造业模式。根据Abadie(2010)的研究,在2009年美国没有提出制造业回归的战略之前,中国对美国的制造业在增加值出口额非常拟合现在真实的制造业增加值出口额;相反在美国在执行了制造业回归战略之后,中国对美国增加值出口额显著减少[3]。简单来说,该研究表明美国制造业的回归后,中国制造业增加值减少是一个直观表现,而这种变化率则很好地代理了美国制造业回归战略,其中制造业产业链的创新是美国在制造业价值链分工地位上遏制中国的关键转折点。对于中国制造业价值链分工的看法,Chunjiao Yu(2017)通过DVA计算指标和数据模型得出在GVC分工体系下,中国DVA比例小于发达国家,说明中国提供高质量产品的能力还远远落后于发达国家[4]。贸易战也警示我们,出口应“重质大于重量”,在以后的出口中注重提升贸易附加值,具体地,应大力提倡技术发展,努力提升劳动生产率,鼓励研发,促进资本积累,并鼓励专业化生产。3国内研究现状首先,美国制造业回归的产业结构特点 根据肖肖(2018)撰文所指出的,美国此次制造业的回归是更深次的高端制造业回归,绝非传统意义上的制造业回归, 而更像是催生一种新的生产方式, 实现产业升级[5]。潘辉,杨毅(2018)发现美国自2010年以来按高端制造业和低端制造业划分,回归产业中有高达58%都是低端制造业的企业[6]。马光远(2017)认为当年奥巴马强调“再工业化”, 目的看似是为了保持美国在全球制造业竞争方面的领先地位,并为新一轮产业革命进行充分的准备,本质上是实现美国产业的升级, 抢占国际产业竞争制高点[7]。阮晓东(2017),美国都把制造业放在了发展中国家,但是将设计、研发和销售等其他环节留在了美国[8]。其次是制造业全球价值链分工的局势的研究。根据蔡礼辉和任洁(2020)的研究,中国制造业GVC参与度指数在多数年份明显高于美国同期值,这说明中国参与国际分工程度明显高于美国;其次,中国制造业GVC地位指数明显小于美国,这表明美国在制造业全球价值链分工中处于相对上游环节[9]。吕晨星(2018)也认为美国相比中国参与国际分工的程度更深,从制造业整体看,中国制造业较多从事最终端的生产,美国制造业较多从事技术水平较高的中间产品生产[10]。从以上结论来看,在全球价值链分工地位上分析,此时的中国制造业相比较以美国为首的发达国家高端制造业还是比较吃亏的一方。最后是中国制造业应对的从策略的研究。王岩(2020),增加研发经费投入,推动技术创新与进步,要扩大金融财政支持,改变制造业融资难的状况[11]。其次,完善产业链建设。丁明磊(2017),强调加快推进产业智能化、数字化、网络化、绿色化升级,把智能化、数字化、网络化、绿色化作为提升制造业竞争力的技术基点,推进各领域新兴技术跨界创新[12]。潘辉和庹小钰(2018)从价值链高端切入全球价值链, 痛下决心盯准战略性新兴产业, 自主研发核心技术, 实现技术超越和产业升级[13]。综上所述,目前中国对美国制造业回归的大概举措应该从进军创新产业入手,改变自身制造业在全球价值链分工地位处于低端的困境。此外就是对于资源配置优化,工业化发展相对应的应该是劳动力需求的减少。4研究方法本课题主要采用文献查询总结和数据分析总结的方法来进行研究。由美国制造业回归这一基点,通过查阅文献资料了解美国制造业回归的背景以及动因,分析美国制造业回归的发展状况,判断美国制造业未来可能对中国制造业所产生的冲击。通过数据收集绘制表格,具体分析近几年来美国制造业回归的结构特点,进一步推析出美国制造业回归在全球价值链分工地位上对中国制造业所产生的影响,从而对中国制造行业提出应对影响和风险的策略。

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