欧洲文化入门论文三千五百字以上

欧洲文化入门论文三千五百字以上

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Abstract: America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realized that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence of Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Keywords: National Literature， Romanism， Transcendentalism， Local Color， Realism， Modern literature 摘要： 从殖民地时期起，欧洲殖民者和清教徒翻开了美国文学史的第一页。 这往后很长一段时期， 美国文学一直都受到欧洲文化的很大 影响 。一直到美国独立后，美国人强烈地感觉到了民族文学的需要，美国的民族文学开始 发展 。 南北战争是美国文学史上一个分水岭， 战后美国文学进入了一个全盛时期，产生了强调个性主义和直觉的早期浪漫主义，和以爱默生为代表的超验主义文学。爱默生的 时代 是美国前所未有的文学变动时代，产生了一大批优秀的作家和作品。 他们突出地给予了当时美国文学以深度和力量，也促进了罗曼主义高潮的来临。但是由于战争的影响， 社会 动荡不安，这时的作品更注重于揭示社会的阴暗面， 同时美国的民族文学进一步发展，创作出许多带有本土色彩和批判现实主义的作品。 一战后，美国人陷入战后的茫然， 美国也开始进入了 现代 文学阶段。 关键词： 民族文学， 浪漫主义， 超验主义， 本土色彩， 现实主义， 现代文学 American is a multi-national Just like a big container， which put in various kinds of Different cultures， that can not only be co-existed but also form a sharp contrast， mixed together， It makes American literature style has a flavor of distinct and various aesthetic Many writers come from lower level， which makes American literature has the rich flavor of life and local Furthermore， many new styles of literature in the world are oriented in America since 20th The process of American literature can be divided into following main periods: Colony and Puritan literature; early national literature; latter national literature and Modern America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that， American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence， did Americans realize that they need national literature strongly， and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history， after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics， which emphasized individualism and intuition，and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring， there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature， and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence if Civil War， the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life， critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War， Americans were at a loss postwar， and the Modern American literature Colonial and early American literature (1) Travelers and Explorers When the European explorers first came to this new continent， the native Indians who probably got here from Asia about fifteen thousand years ago were still in origin， and they even had no written language， “The traditional literature was originally transmitted almost entirely by word of mouth， and therefore belongs to the category of oral literature，” (Wu Dingbo， 1) As time past， more and more travelers and explorers swarmed They wrote a lot of diaries、letters， and travel accounts to describe the new land as second E No wander somebody said that the earliest American literature were the travel accounts written by European Among the most remained were Captain John Smith’s True Relation of Virginia (1608)， and Description of New England (1616) Although most of the Indian history was preserved in tales and songs， they had thoughts about life and They loved the natural world around them deeply， and they believed that when a person was dead， he would give back what had borrowed while he was alive to This kind of philosophy had influenced later or even modern American It’s interesting that when we look at the literature of the Puritans， the Transcendentalists， the Naturalists， and even the Moderns， when we read Anne Bradstreet， Emily Dickinson， Stephen Crane， and Ernest Hemingway， we can find similar (2) Pilgrim settlements Several years later， another group of settlers also arrived in the New W This group was looking for the Jamestown However ， because of bad navigation， they landed in M They were also coming to the New World with dreams of success， but their goal was different from the Jamestown They wanted to start a new world governed by the B They were called Puritans because they wanted to live a better life by making themselves They first arrived on the Mayflower and settled in P This is the group we are usually thinking about when we talk about the "first A"The clearest history of their journey to the New World can be found in History of Plymouth Plantation (1608) written by William Bradford， who was also one of the Mayflower The History of Plymouth Plantation is a Puritan book in the best “It’s loosely annalistic， but a direct and simple style gives charm， as a sincere faith in Puritanism gives purity， to the entire ” (W P Trent， 1997) The Puritans had several kinds of By far the most common form is the writing related to Biblical teachings， or sermons， that the church leaders The Puritans believed that they were in the New World because God had brought them there for a special They thought that by studying the Bible they could learn more about this way of So they were very strict to their life， and they didn’t allow any kind of entertainment even in That’s way Wu Dingbo said in his book “Literature of the New England Settlement is mainly a literary expression of the Puritan idealism” and “The literature of the colonial settlement served either God or colonial expansion or ” (Wu Dingbo， 4) Another important form of writing from this period is the These books， like Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation， are important because they tell us about life at the time of the P People also wrote many But a lot of works were hidden and lost because people often considered poetry to be an inferior form of writing and not totally acceptable to Puritan One of the most significant poets from this period was Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) Her poems in Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America (1650) reflected the con concerns of women who came to settle in the colonies， and in all her poems， however， she shows her strong belief in G 18th century—the Age of reason (1) The Age of reason In the 18th century， people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human With Franklin as its spokesman， the 18th century America experienced an age of Words had never been so useful and so important in human People wrote a lot of political Numerous pamphlets and printings were These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the Among the most renowned was the work Common Sense (1776) of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) It’s the ringing call for the decoration of He also wrote Crisis (1774-1783) and The Age of Reason (1794-1796)， according to Wu， “He thought that religion should be based on rational， reasonable ” (Wu Dingbo， 12) The pamphlets helped complete the debate that resulted in America's separation from E And of course for all the Americans， the most important document from this period was a single sheet of paper called The Declaration of Independence (1776)， mainly written by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin F Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)， the most distinguished person and giant in American history， he wrote and worked for American independence hardly and had made so many great efforts to America that he has been called "The First A" a world-renowned scientist， diplomat， philosopher， and He perfected the smooth， clear， short sentences of the Puritan plain His Autobiography encourages hard work and emphasizes the importance of Another work that is well known is Poor Richard's Almanack， and many of the sentences have become popular During this time writers thought that the truth should be relied on Bible， churchmen， authorities， or practice and (2) Early National Literature During the period of American Revolution War， American national literature came into Since before the war， American people have already had the awareness of national independence， so they wrote many political writings revolutionary The war helped the first important American prose writers and poets grow up both culturally and Furthermore， the independence of nation led to the independence of national From this moment on， American people began to understand of meaning of being a real ”American“ 放不下了，后面还有，在下面的网站里。满意拿分

欧洲文化入门论文三千五百字

European political map Europe is the abbreviation of Europa continent， "Europa，" a word it is said that initially from Phoenicia language "Erie cloth" a word that means "" sunset place" or "western land" The European average terrain height is 330 m， give priority to with plain terrain， the south， stands a series of mountains， the floorboard of the Alps， including mont blanc elevation 4807 meters， mont blanc is the French territory， become the highest peak in Western E Thanks to the European populated， plenty of Is the longest river in the volga river， is 3690 kilometers long， and the second is the Danube river， 2850 kilometers， is the world's most river flows through the Europe is a permanent population in the state of a tropical climate not only state， at the same time， frigid climate accounts for the area is not large also， so mild climate， precipitation distribution is Most of the maritime climate temperate， also have a Mediterranean climate， temperate continental climate， polar climate and mountain plateau climate and Among them the most typical temperate oceanic 　　　Remember to give points ， thank U

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欧洲文化入门论文三千五百字作文

自学考试英语专业“欧洲文化入门”串讲资料l 希腊罗马 Homer Author of epics Sappho Lyric poetAeschylus Tragic dramatist Sophocles Tragic dramatist Euripides Tragic dramatist Arostophoes Comedy writer Herodotus Greeks and Persians Father of the history Thucydides Athens and Sparta， Syracuse historian Pythagoras All things were numbers Heracleitue Fire is the primary element Democritus Materialist ， atomic Socrates Dissect of oneself， virtue was high worth of life， dialectical method Plato Man have knowledge because of the existence of certain general ideas Aristotle Direct observation， theory follow fact， idea and matter together made concrete individual realities Euclid geometrist Others Diogenes， Pyrrhon， Epicurus philosophy Cicero Far less rhetorical， but colloquial and intimate Prose writer Caesar I came， I saw， I conquered Prose writer Lucretius On the nature of things poet Virgil -Aeneas-tragic hero 4th century BC后半叶希腊在Alexander，king of Macedon的领导下，5th century BC达到顶峰，146BC被罗马攻克。 l 基督教和圣经 Jews—以前叫Hebrews，3800BC穿过中东沙漠，1300BCMoses带领Hebrews离开埃及，开始他们的Exodus，他在 Sinai山定了ten commandments in the name of God，40年后Hebrews定居Pelestine， known as Canaan，Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the old Testament， 6th century BC，他们在Babylon形成synagogue(忧太集会)来发扬他们的教义。 Jesus生活在第一个罗马帝国Augustus， Emperor Constantine 1于313年宣布基督教合法，Emperor Theodosius于393年宣布基督教为国教。 Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the old Testament，旧约包含39本书，写了从1000BC-100AD的事情，最重要的前五本是Pentateuch，旧约主要由 Hebrew写成，the New Testment主要是Greek的形式，包含14本书，最古老的Latin Bible叫Vulgate，在1382年被John Wycliff翻译成了英语，Greek Bible叫Septuagint l 中世纪 开始于476西罗马帝国得衰败 5-11世纪 在文化上继承了Roman culture，出现了Hebrew and Gothic culture feudalism主要是一种system of land holding，for exchanging military service，它还是一种local and decentralized government 1045，教堂分裂为the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church 反击Moslems，开始了Crusades Charles Martel给士兵们estates known as fiefs in 732 S Thomas Aquinas写了The Summa Theologica总结了中世纪神学的所有知识并形成了系统，他认为feudal hierarchy of society is God‘s rule The power of feudal rulers is God‘s will Pope is Crist‘s Plenipotentiary 中世纪封建社会的人主要分为三个等级：clergy， lords， peasants Charlemagne and Alfred the Great encouraged learning by setting up monastery They copied various ancient books and translated the Latin works into the l 文艺复兴与宗教改革 Boccaccio Decameron Cervantes Don Quixote(crowned literature of Spain) Petrarch Sonnet，father of modern poetry Da Vinci Artist in Italy Michelangelo Artist in Italy Raphael Known for his Madonna Artist in Italy Titian Oil color Artist in Italy Ronsard France Rabelais Cargantua and Pantagruel France Montaigne The Essais France Thomas More Utopia Shakespeare crowned literature of England Copernicus The father of modern astronomy Vesalius The founder of modern medicine Anatomy Aldus Manutius The foremost printer in Italy Machiavelli Father of political science Political sciencehistoriography Dante Vosari others Giotto，Brunelleschi，Donatello，Giorgione，Spencer， Bacon artists Reformation was led by Martin L 它主张用the Bible的绝对权威取代the Roman Catholic Church的绝对权威，这促进了资本主义的发展。 1492， Columbus发现了America 1487，Dias发现了the cape of good hope 1497，da Gama发现了绕过好望角去印度的航线 英国在Elizabeth I的统治下达到鼎盛时期 宗教改革以后，基督教分裂为：the Protestant and the Roman Catholic Humanism是文艺复兴时代的灵魂思想 l 17世纪 Leibniz Distinguishes three levels of understandingcaculaus Milton Areopagitica， English revolution Bacon Knowledge is power England Descartes I think therefore I am France Corneille FrenchNeoclassicismdramatists Racine Moliere Locke 很多科学器械在被发明：microscope， telescope， thermometer， barometer， pendulum Bacon认为哲学应该与神学分开 Leibniz区别了人的三种理解程度，自我意识，意识，潜意识(无意识) Bacon反对deductive method，创立了inductive method Hobbes认为最好的统治方式是monarchy 1689，the Bill of Rights建立了the Parliament至高无上的权利 英国大革命中，Cromwell带领行动 Milton提供思想 法国最著名的建筑：Palace of Versailles Garden Front East Front of the Louvre 英国最著名建筑：S Paul‘s Cathedral 17th：physics， mathematics 18th：chemistry 19th：biology 20th：psychology French classicism Baroque art Newton Galileo l 启蒙运动 Diderot France Montesquieu Separation of powers Voltaire Hobbes Social contract Locke Social contract Rousseau Swift Defoe Henry Fielding Samuel Richardson The founder of English domestic noval Lessing German dramastistGerman classicim Goethe schiller Kant Waterhead of modern philosophyPropose the nebular hypothesis Pope poet DJohnson lexicographer JSBach ChristianityMajor musicians of the musical Englithenment Handel Haydn Classical period Viennese school Mozart Beethoven Romantic Movement 18世纪两大著名运动：The American War of Independence(1776) The Declaration of Independence The French Revolution(1789) Declaration of the Rights of Man Rococo艺术的典型建筑代表：Hotel de Soubise Addison， Steele在期刊The Tatler ， The Spectator上发表论文 The Enlightenment Rococo art

European political map Europe is the abbreviation of Europa continent， "Europa，" a word it is said that initially from Phoenicia language "Erie cloth" a word that means "" sunset place" or "western land" The European average terrain height is 330 m， give priority to with plain terrain， the south， stands a series of mountains， the floorboard of the Alps， including mont blanc elevation 4807 meters， mont blanc is the French territory， become the highest peak in Western E Thanks to the European populated， plenty of Is the longest river in the volga river， is 3690 kilometers long， and the second is the Danube river， 2850 kilometers， is the world's most river flows through the Europe is a permanent population in the state of a tropical climate not only state， at the same time， frigid climate accounts for the area is not large also， so mild climate， precipitation distribution is Most of the maritime climate temperate， also have a Mediterranean climate， temperate continental climate， polar climate and mountain plateau climate and Among them the most typical temperate oceanic 　　　Remember to give points ， thank U

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欧洲文化入门论文三千五百字左右

我是外语学院的，我们经常搞这些，记得上铺写过这么一篇，给分吧，我晚上问问

European political map Europe is the abbreviation of Europa continent， "Europa，" a word it is said that initially from Phoenicia language "Erie cloth" a word that means "" sunset place" or "western land" The European average terrain height is 330 m， give priority to with plain terrain， the south， stands a series of mountains， the floorboard of the Alps， including mont blanc elevation 4807 meters， mont blanc is the French territory， become the highest peak in Western E Thanks to the European populated， plenty of Is the longest river in the volga river， is 3690 kilometers long， and the second is the Danube river， 2850 kilometers， is the world's most river flows through the Europe is a permanent population in the state of a tropical climate not only state， at the same time， frigid climate accounts for the area is not large also， so mild climate， precipitation distribution is Most of the maritime climate temperate， also have a Mediterranean climate， temperate continental climate， polar climate and mountain plateau climate and Among them the most typical temperate oceanic 　　　Remember to give points ， thank U

1 十八、十九世纪奥斯曼帝国与欧洲文化交往研究 西北大学 2009 2 欧洲体育文化研究 北京体育大学 2006 3 论阿拉伯伊斯兰文化对欧洲文化的影响 上海外国语大学 2007 4 跨文化旅游视角下的赴藏区欧洲游客消费行为研究 西北师范大学 2009 5 欧洲一体化进程中的文化认同 上海师范大学 2009 6 欧洲一体化进程中政治文化因素的影响研究 西北大学 2010 7 跨文化视野下出境旅游行为研究 四川师范大学 2008 8 近现代文化艺术思潮影响下的欧洲城市景观艺术设计 江南大学 2007 9 浅析欧洲一体化进程中的欧洲文化认同 吉林大学 2008 10 论欧洲一体化进程中的政治文化认同 上海外国语大学 2007 ……东西农家，提供国内外论文、专利、电子图书检索服务。

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欧洲文化入门论文八百字以上

北京英语自考专科和本科加起来一共29门 其实大部分都不需要报辅导班的只有个别科目需要有老师的带领学习例如本科的欧洲文化入门和英美文学选读等难度相对大的但个人基础也是个重要的前提 在北京外国语大学就有(主考院校) 北京英语专业的自考一年两考，分别在4月份和10月份(1月可加考公共课) 是自己选择考试科目的，至于报几门都是视乎你个人准备的如何取决于个人没有限制，只要考试科目时间不相互冲突 我的好朋友最快3年专本拿下来了 高中毕业的基础 应该是北京外国语大学最权威了吧 专科有两年制脱产的学费7800/年每年10月和4月开班 本科有一年半脱产的学费8000/年每年10月和4月开班 每科笔试是30元/科口语40元/科听力40元/科计算机70元/科 这是我最好的朋友考过的，自考最重要的还是毅力， 以上都是确切信息希望可以帮到你! 还有不明白的地方就给我留言吧我会尽快复你!

我给你发了一篇，你看行不行

1 十八、十九世纪奥斯曼帝国与欧洲文化交往研究 西北大学 2009 2 欧洲体育文化研究 北京体育大学 2006 3 论阿拉伯伊斯兰文化对欧洲文化的影响 上海外国语大学 2007 4 跨文化旅游视角下的赴藏区欧洲游客消费行为研究 西北师范大学 2009 5 欧洲一体化进程中的文化认同 上海师范大学 2009 6 欧洲一体化进程中政治文化因素的影响研究 西北大学 2010 7 跨文化视野下出境旅游行为研究 四川师范大学 2008 8 近现代文化艺术思潮影响下的欧洲城市景观艺术设计 江南大学 2007 9 浅析欧洲一体化进程中的欧洲文化认同 吉林大学 2008 10 论欧洲一体化进程中的政治文化认同 上海外国语大学 2007 ……东西农家，提供国内外论文、专利、电子图书检索服务。

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