英语论文1500字工程管理怎么样的

英语论文1500字工程管理怎么样的

土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ，直译是民用工程，它是建造各种工程的统称。它既指建设的对象，即建造在地上，地下，水中的工程设施，也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测，设计施工，保养，维修等专业技术。土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展，至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科，它已经出许多分支，如：建筑工程，铁路工程，道路工程，桥梁工程，特种工程结构，给水排水工程，港口工程，水利工程，环境工程等学科。土木工程共有六个专业：建筑学，城市规划，土木工程，建筑环境与设备工程，给水排水工程和道路桥梁工程。土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科，有其重要的属性：综合性，社会性，实践性，统一性。土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物质技术基础，对众多产业的振兴发挥了促进作用，工程建设是形成固定资产的基本生产过程，因此，建筑业和房地产成为许多国家和地区的经济支柱之一。古代的土木工程有很长的时间跨度，大致从公元前500年新石器时代出现原始的土木工程活动到16世纪末意大利的文艺复兴，导致土木工程走上迅速发展的道路为止，前后经历了两千多年。在这段时间内，由于科学理论发展及其缓慢，土木工程也没有突破习惯的发展。从17世纪中页开始到20 世纪40年代第二次世界大战结束为止的300年间，国外的建筑取得了长足的进步。土木工程进入了定量分析阶段。一些理论的发展，新材料的出现，新工具的发明，都使土木工程科学日渐完善和成熟。到了近代，二战结束之后，许多国家经济起飞，现代科学日益进步，从而为进一步发展提供了强大的动力和物质基础。人们生活水平的不断提高，必然要求越来越舒适的居住环境，在这种情况下，建筑的发展直接推动了土木工程的发展。总的来说土木工程是一门古老的学科，它已经取得了巨大的成就，未来的土木工程将在人们的生活中占据更重要的地位。地球环境的日益恶化，人口的不断增加，人们为了争取生存，为了争取更舒适的生存环境，必将更加重视土木工程。在不久的将来，一些重大项目将会陆续兴建，插入云霄的摩天大楼，横跨大样的桥梁，更加方便的交通将不是梦想。科技的发展，以及地球不断恶化的环境必将促使土木工程向太空和海洋发展，为人类提供更广阔的生存空间。近年来，工程材料主要是钢筋，混凝土，木材和砖材，在未来，传统材料将得到改观，一些全新的更加适合建筑的材料将问世，尤其是化学合成材料将推动建筑走向更高点。同时，设计方法的精确化，设计工作的自动化，信息和智能话技术的全面引入，将会是人们有一个更加舒适的居住环境。一句话，理论的发展，新材料的出现，计算机的应用，高新技术的引入等都将使土木工程有一个新的飞跃English is the Civil Engineering Civil Engineering， civil engineering is literally， it is the construction of the project It means building objects that the construction on the ground， underground， water works facilities， equipment and materials to use in surveying， design construction， maintenance， repair and other professional Civil Engineering with the progress of the human society， has been transformed into large integrated disciplines， it has a number of branches， such as : construction， rail projects， road projects， bridge projects， special project structure， water drainage works， the port project， water， environmental engineering A total of six professional Civil Engineering : architecture， urban planning， civil engineering， construction and environmental engineering equipment， water drainage works and road bridge Civil Engineering as an important foundation subjects， its important attribute : an integrated， social， practicality， Civil Engineering for the development of the national economy and improve the living standards of the people provided important material and technological foundation for the revitalization of many industries played a catalytic role in the construction of fixed assets is a basic production process， the construction and real estate in many countries and regions become a pillar of the economyAncient Civil Engineering has a long time span， roughly 500 years before Christ from the original date in civil engineering activities to the 16 century Italian Renaissance， resulting in the rapid development of the Civil Engineering on the road today， and has experienced more than 2，000 During this period， due to the development of scientific theories and slow， there is no breakthrough in civil engineering Century from 17 pages to 40 years in the 20th century end of the Second World War 300 years， foreign construction made great Civil Engineering has entered a phase of quantitative Some theoretical development， the emergence of new materials， new tools of invention， the Civil Engineering Science is perfection and In modern times， after the end of World War II， many countries economic takeoff， the increasing advances of modern science， so as to provide a powerful impetus to further development and material People's living conditions continue to improve， more and more comfortable living environment for the inevitable in the circumstances， the construction of development directly to the Civil Engineering

Summary of the study on construction project management methodology: is the largest number of construction projects， the most typical "projects"， construction project management practice is one of the important sources of project management theory with integrated project management system of project management theory and practical experience provide theories for construction project management tools， making increasingly systematic and scientific management of construction Tags: 1， raised issues of project management and overview of project management is becoming a modern social address "one-off questions" effective tools that a kind of professional qualification， wide application in the process of social， economic and rapid development is that it provides a new Modern social economic total constantly increased， economic globalization， and information trend increasingly enhanced， development speed speed up， process complex， new of industry， and field constantly appears， products development cycle shortened， led increasingly more of "one-time"， and no precedent can through of task of appears， especially enterprise and management social public affairs of Government， more faced was increasingly complex of from market and at home and abroad Affairs of various problem， involves of factors， and interests main increasingly more， these problem General of management approach difficult to solution or successfully solution， and from construction project and the military， and space exploration， field of project management method by upgrade for project management theory and thought， provides has solution social economic development non-General problem of You can think， lies in its development and application of project management Widely promoted popular project management in China in recent years， the ascendant， and we introduce， universal focus， should not be a complicated theories， concepts， procedures， and should be concise， applicable and effective Regardless of the economic structure changes， construction remains the main carrier of China's economic In comprehensively building a comfortably well-off society and development in China under the background of the Northwest， Northeast， become important means for economic revitalization in many parts of the Some cities even proposed "project will flourish cities" Rely mainly on the application of new scientific and technological achievements in economic progress， relying on the content-type extension， depend on the situation of knowledge innovation， rely on an extensive project is not a suitable means of revitalizing the economy， has been in China for failure to pay the investment decision of enormous cost， so using the scientific method on engineering construction project management， including assessment of argumentation， is the important condition of the building can achieve the desired purpose of the Project management methods are not only specific methods， including Party of 16 session third plenary made people， and can continued of science development view， "people"， and "can continued" of a basic content is science and technology， and economic， and environment， and social of coordination development， project construction do for development economic of important means， not only cost huge， and on around environment has larger effect， so must meet can continued， and coordination development requirements， this is project management of important guiding ideology Methodology is the study of Comprehensively building a comfortably well-off society and development in Northwest and northeast of real background might set off a new round of upsurge of construction， sustainable and coordinated development of scientific concept of development put certain constraints on the construction of macro-control， this method should be implemented in construction project Project management is not only for the purposes of achieving specific objectives (duration， quality and cost)， should also do project construction and coordination of environmental， social or risk repeating previous errors， mistake， got out of the investment This is also a project management method to rise to "methodology" meaning Project management of theory so far has can said is is complete of， this not only performance in rich diverse of theory results as various project management books (including translation) of launched， more performance in this area has has own of "knowledge system"， as United States Project Management Association (PMI) Yu 1987 made and by 1996， and 2000 amendment of "project management knowledge system"， international project management Association 1997 launched has "project management personnel ability benchmark"， China double method society for the project management Research Committee also Yu 2001 launched China project management knowledge system Each of these knowledge systems project management body of knowledge is divided into a number of areas， elements， modules， China knowledge system "methods and tools" concept， other systems do not have on the topic independent of the method， but throughout all stages of project management， processes， Various project management works also focus on content， stage of project management， program， organization of expositions devoted to Of course， this does not mean to ignore， perfection but summary， concentrate on methods of research and contribute to the popularization and application of project management project management role into full 建设工程项目管理的方法论研究摘要：建设工程项目是数量最多、最典型的“项目”，建设工程项目管理的实践是项目管理理论的重要渊源之一，融合了项目管理实践经验的系统的项目管理理论又为建设工程项目管理提供了理论工具，使得建设工程项目管理日益系统化、科学化。 关键词：项目管理 工程1、问题的提出及现状综述 项目管理之所以成为一种现代社会解决“一次性问题”的有效工具以至于一种职业资格，在社会事务、经济过程中广泛应用并且迅速发展，就在于它提供了一种新的方法。现代社会经济总量不断增加，经济全球化、信息化趋势日益增强，发展速度加快，过程复杂，新的行业、领域不断出现，产品开发周期缩短，导致越来越多的“一次性”、无先例可循的任务的出现，尤其是企业和管理社会公共事务的政府，更面临着日趋复杂的来自市场和国内外事务的各种问题，涉及到的因素、利益主体越来越多，这些问题常规的管理办法难以解决或圆满解决，而来自建设工程项目及军事、空间探索等领域的项目管理方法经提升为项目管理理论和思想，提供了解决社会经济发展中非常规问题的手段。可以认为，项目管理的发展与应用在于它的方法。项目管理在中国广泛推广普及是近几年的事，方兴未艾，而我们引进、普及的重点，不应是繁琐的理论、概念、程序，而应该是简明、适用、有效的方法。 不论经济结构如何变化，工程项目建设仍是我国经济发展的主要载体。在我国目前全面建设小康社会、开发西北、振兴东北的背景下，项目建设成为许多地区经济振兴的重要手段。有的城市甚至提出“项目兴市”的口号。在经济进步主要依靠新科技成果应用、依靠内涵式扩展、依靠知识创新的形势下，靠粗放式项目建设并不是合适的振兴经济的手段，我国也一直在为投资决策的失误付出巨大代价，所以利用科学方法对工程建设项目进行管理，包括评估论证，将是项目建设能否达到预期目的的重要条件。 工程项目管理方法不仅是具体方法，也包括思想。党的十六届三中全会提出以人为本、可持续的科学发展观，“以人为本”、“可持续”的一个基本内容就是科学技术、经济、环境、社会的协调发展，工程项目建设做为发展经济的重要手段，不仅耗资巨大，而且对周围环境有较大影响，所以必须满足可持续、协调发展要求，这也是工程项目管理的重要指导思想之一。方法论是对方法的研究。全面建设小康社会、开发西北、振兴东北的现实背景可能掀起新一轮工程建设热潮，可持续、协调发展科学发展观对工程项目建设提出了一定制约的宏观控制，这一点要落实到建设项目管理的方法上。工程项目管理的目的不仅是实现具体的目标（工期、质量、费用），也应做到项目建设与环境、社会的协调，否则可能重蹈以前投资失误、失策、失控的覆辙。这也是工程项目管理方法上升到“方法论”的意义之一。 项目管理的理论至今已可以说是很完备的，这不仅表现在丰富多样的理论成果如各种项目管理书籍（包括翻译）的面世，更表现在这个领域有了自己的“知识体系”，如美国项目管理协会（PMI）于1987年提出并经1996、2000年修订的“项目管理知识体系”，国际项目管理协会1997年推出了“项目管理人员能力基准”，中国双法研究会项目管理研究委员会也于2001年推出《中国项目管理知识体系》。上述各知识体系将项目管理知识划分为若干领域、要素、模块，中国的知识体系有“方法与工具”概念，其他体系未有关于方法的独立专题，而是贯穿于项目管理的各个阶段、过程、领域。各种项目管理著作也多侧重于对项目管理内容、阶段、程序、组织等的论述，对于方法的专门论述不多见。当然这并不意味着对方法的忽略，但对方法的总结、集中研究与完善有助于项目管理的推广应用的项目管理作用的充分发挥。

工程管理这个没问题你帮你 　管理职能，指管理承担的功能。现在最为广泛接受的是将管理分为四项基本职能： 　　1． 计划planning: 计划就是确定组织未来发展目标以及实现目标的方式。 　　2． 组织 organising: 服从计划，并反映着组织计划完成目标的方式。 　　3． 领导 leading: 运用影响力激励员工以便促进组织目标的实现 同时，领导也意味着创造共同的文化和价值观念，在整个组织范围内与员工沟通组织目标和鼓舞员工树立起谋求卓越表现的愿望 此外，领导也包括对所有部门，职能机构的直接与管理者一道工作的员工进行激励。 　　4． 控制 controlling: 对员工的活动进行监督，判定组织是否正朝着即定的目标健康地向前发展，并在必要的时候及时采取矫正措施。 　　法国管理学者法约尔最初提出把管理的基本职能分为计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制。后来，又有学者认为人员配备、领导、激励、创新等也是管理的职能。

Project management is a complex task which combines the discipline of planning， organizing， securing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and Commonly we refer to construction project management due to the rencent rapid development in developing countries， such as China， I The person who does the project management job is called project The whole process will include the following but not limited to site investigation， supervising construction The field has actually created more jobs than just project For example， the need of labour has increased and thus decrease the country's unemployment As well as in toher industries， such as woods and Hope it helps

英语论文1500字工程管理怎么样写

工程管理这个没问题你帮你 　管理职能，指管理承担的功能。现在最为广泛接受的是将管理分为四项基本职能： 　　1． 计划planning: 计划就是确定组织未来发展目标以及实现目标的方式。 　　2． 组织 organising: 服从计划，并反映着组织计划完成目标的方式。 　　3． 领导 leading: 运用影响力激励员工以便促进组织目标的实现 同时，领导也意味着创造共同的文化和价值观念，在整个组织范围内与员工沟通组织目标和鼓舞员工树立起谋求卓越表现的愿望 此外，领导也包括对所有部门，职能机构的直接与管理者一道工作的员工进行激励。 　　4． 控制 controlling: 对员工的活动进行监督，判定组织是否正朝着即定的目标健康地向前发展，并在必要的时候及时采取矫正措施。 　　法国管理学者法约尔最初提出把管理的基本职能分为计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制。后来，又有学者认为人员配备、领导、激励、创新等也是管理的职能。

Project management is a complex task which combines the discipline of planning， organizing， securing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and Commonly we refer to construction project management due to the rencent rapid development in developing countries， such as China， I The person who does the project management job is called project The whole process will include the following but not limited to site investigation， supervising construction The field has actually created more jobs than just project For example， the need of labour has increased and thus decrease the country's unemployment As well as in toher industries， such as woods and Hope it helps

英语论文1500字工程管理怎么样才能过

Project management is a complex task which combines the discipline of planning， organizing， securing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and Commonly we refer to construction project management due to the rencent rapid development in developing countries， such as China， I The person who does the project management job is called project The whole process will include the following but not limited to site investigation， supervising construction The field has actually created more jobs than just project For example， the need of labour has increased and thus decrease the country's unemployment As well as in toher industries， such as woods and Hope it helps

工程管理？呵呵呵 我是小学生也= = 这是神马意思？

英语论文1500字工程管理怎么写的

隧道病害分析与防治在这儿由于写不下，只有翻译了。范文在这：_1 The tunnel disease harmThe tunnel is in geologic strata the engineering building which covers up to place， is a kind of form that the mankind make use of underground Mean on the broad sense:With a certain use， use in the bottom of ground any method by rule shape and size construct of the cross section accumulate big is 2 hole rooms at the 2 The railroad tunnel will appear to seep into water(water harm)， Chen to carve crack Sun， tunnel jelly to harm in the luck the camp， the Chen carve corrosion and shake to harm with the air pollution in the hole the disease harm， there is also a fire These diseases harm with bane to the tunnel of safety， comfort， normal the luck camp contain importance influence and Program to want to prevent possible disease from harm， endanger， carry on a reasonable design with design stage therefore and in the tunnel;Start construction in the tunnel the stage want to adopt reasonable construction craft， method， measure and material to promise construction Carry a camp stage to want to check， discover in time in the tunnel the disease harm and analyze a disease to harm because of， adoption reasonable of whole cure design and start construction Then can promise railroad tunnel the safety of the engineering thus， unimpeded luck 1 Tunnel water harmTunnel water harms to mean to build to meet with luck camp process in the tunnel of water of interference and endanger， is the most familiar tunnel disease to Main luck camp tunnel water (namely round groundwater and earth's surface water of rock to directly or indirectly get into with the form which seeps into or gushes the tunnel result in of bane)The tunnel seeps into water(water harm) to the tunnel stable， facilities inside the hole， go the car safety， ground building and the tunnel surroundings water environment to produce many badly influence to even threaten， influence internal structure and subsidiary facilities， lower service life， the serious hour will endanger the tunnel and the underground engineering of luck camp Lightly then make air inside the hole damp， the influence healthy body of worker， the machine equipments rust eclipse， insulate equipments expiration， electric circuit short circuit， electric leakage harm person;Heavy then threaten a personnel a safety， blunt ruin a machine equipments inside the hole， result in landslide， drown work noodles， break off a construction， result in important economy loss， endanger 1 The reason that tunnel water harmTunnel water harm of become because of BE， build tunnel， broke a mountain body originality of water system balance， the tunnel becomes the passage that the mountain body nearby groundwater gather together cut When the tunnel rounds a rock with contain water geologic strata to connect， but the Chen carve of watertightness and drain when the facilities， method be not perfect， by all means want to take place tunnel water to Can also harm tunnel water to return knot for objective with the reason of the subjective both (1)The tunnel cuts through geologic strata with The ① sand soil and Piao egg stone soil contain water geologic ② Stanza reason， crack Xi growth， contain rock strata of split Xi ③ Limestone， white cloud rock dissolubility geologic strata， be to have dissolve of Chong water slot， dissolve hole or dark river and tunnel connect with each The ④ is shallow to cover up tunnel district and earth's surface water can follow crack Xi， hole of overlay the layer to seep through inside (2)The tunnel Chen carves watertightness and drains facilities not perfectThe ① sets up tunnel Chen to carve watertightness and drains facilities at first not The ② concrete Chen carves construction quality bad， beehive， hole， crack many， the oneself is waterproof ability ③ Waterproof layer construction quality bad or the material durable bad， after use few year The work of④ concrete sew， flexs to sew， sink to decline to sew didn't work well a waterproof After ⑤ Chen carves to transform， the output crack permeates The ⑥ is current to drain facilities， carve the covered sewerage， blind ditch of back such as the Chen， have no assistance underground tunnel， drain， dark slot that the Chen carve， the year is long the disrepair 2 The whole in common use basic method which cures the luck camp tunnel leak(1)The appropriate Shu line upEnrich to earth's surface water of shallow cover up tunnel， when local form ditch pit Wa in the valley accumulates water， Shen water to have influence to the tunnel， use to appease to accumulate water， fill up a ditch valley and carve ditch catchment measure， make hole crest the earth's surface become good catchment system， don't make the earth's surface water current of hole crest go into or seep into The entrance to cave Yang ascent edge around establishes to cut drains and drain ditch， and keep good Abundant to groundwater， have no catchment ditch or drain ditch depth inside tunnel shortage but cause the Sui bottom accumulate water of， should adopt to increase to establish drain and change to the single side ditch a pair of sides ditch， deepen side ditch or adopt constitution airtight combine the dark tube deepen drain (2)Note the syrup blocks up waterThe ① carves back to round a rock or returns to Jing layer to note syrup toward the CThe ② carves inner part to note syrup toward the CThe ③ notes syrup toward the (3)Increase to establish inside the waterproof layerInside although the waterproof layer can't keep water current from get into the Chen carve inside， can keep water current from get into inside The way which increases to establish inside the waterproof layer includes 3 kinds:While being to brush， two is to pare off to press， three is to 2 The Chen carves crack SunTunnel Chen's carve is up the engineering corpus which bears geologic strata pressure and defends to round a rock to transform to collapse to fall The size of geologic strata pressure， mainly be decided by engineering geology and hydrology geology condition with round the physical mechanics characteristic of rock， in the meantime with construction method， pay to protect Chen to carve whether in time with the quality of the engineering quality factor Because the form change pressure， loose move a pressure function， geologic strata to follow tunnel to lengthways distribute and mechanics asymmetry function， temperature and constringency of the Tai are in response to the dint function， round rock dilatability or freeze a bulge pressure function， causticity to lie a quality function， under construction and artificial factor and carry the circulating lotus of camp vehicle to carry function ， make the tunnel Chen carve structure products to living crack and transform， influence the normal usage of tunnel， know together as tunnel Chen to carve crack Sun disease to Chen's carving crack Sun is the main form that the tunnel disease harm， the tunnel Chen carved crack Sun to break tunnel structure of stability， lowered Chen to carve structural safe and dependable， influence the normal usage of tunnel， even endanger to go a car The Chen carves the main bane that the crack Sun transform to have:(1)Lower the Chen carves structure to together the loading ability of the rock;(2)Make tunnel clean empty diminish， invade a building circumscription， influence vehicle a safety to pass;(3)The arch department Chen carves a piece and the influence goes car and Human body safety;(4)Crack leak， result in the facilities rust in the hole eclipse， the way bed turns over syrup， strict and cold produce a jelly to harm with cold region;(5)Spread bottom and Yang arch damaged， the Ji bed turns over syrup， circuit to transform， endanger to go a car safety， compelled lower vehicle movement speed， measure increment to protect to maintain workload;(6)Cure towards splitting Sun Chen to carve to carry on to greatly fix wholely under the sistuation that carry a camp， construction and transport mutual interference， the expenses Aim at the Chen carves crack Sun a disease to harm to put forward whole cure measure:The crack renovate， the Chen carves back empty press syrup， the stable processing of film， change arch and change a side 3 The Chen carves corrosionThe Chen carves the causticity environment of back water， easy follow the hair follicle that the Chen carve， work to sew， transform to sew and other hole Shens flow Chen to carve seamy side and become tunnel seep into water， carve concrete and carve a stone， ash to sew to produce physics or chemistry erosion function to the Chen， result in the Chen carve The tunnel Chen carves corrosion to is divided into physical sex erosion and chemistry to decay 2 The tunnel Chen carves corrosion to make the concrete become crisp loose， the strength descend， lower the loading ability that the tunnel Chen carve， will also cause steel rail and button up a corrosion， shorten service life， endanger to go a car Produce three corrosive main factors is the first， decay to lie quality of existence;The second， easily decay material existence;The existence of the third， groundwater and have movable In order to insure the safe usage of tunnel building， should actively carve to decay a disease to harm to carry on prevention and cure to the CThe tunnel Chen carves antisepsis eclipse measure， should first from make to survey a design to begin so， control tunnel engineering geology and hydrology geology data， find out environment water to contain source and composition that the erosion lies quality， in the exactitude judge it to the Chen carve the foundation of the degree of concrete erosion up， properly adopt prevention and cure measure because of the ground Aim at the output reason and condition of the tunnel Currently， the prevention and cure measure adopted to the tunnel erosion mainly has the following a few (1)Raise the airtight solid degree that the Chen carve with (2)The outside Chan adds to anticipate a (3)Choose to use to bear erosion (4)Strengthen the Chen carves an outside to drain (5)Usage's ising close-grained doesn't rise the material of chemical effect with concrete and carve outward appearance noodles to do to insulate a waterproof layer in the C(6)Adoption and the erosion environment water don't rise the natural stone of chemical reaction to anticipate to carve to build Chen to (7)Carve back to press to note to defend eclipse syrup a liquid toward the C(8)Antisepsis eclipse 4 The tunnel jelly harmTunnel jelly's harm is a cold region to flow and round a rock to accumulate water congelation with the tunnel internal water of strict and cold region and cause tunnel arch a department to hang ice， side wall to freeze， the net line in the hole the equipments hang ice， round rock jelly bulge， Chen to carve bulge crack， Sui bottom ice Zhui， drain ice to fill and the circuit freeze since the and various disease which influences a safety to carry the normal usage of the camp and building Tunnel jelly's harm will cause the Chen carve jelly to spilt open bulge， even loose peeling off， result in the tunnel Chen carve structure of lose steady breakage， lower Chen to carve structural safe and dependable， the serious influence transport of safety with normal The tunnel familiar jelly harms category to have:The arch department freeze， the side wall freeze， round a rock jelly to burst open bad， the Chen carve occurrence net line inside the ice Xie， hole to hang water The jelly harms formative main reason to have:The function of cold air temperature， season congelation the formation of the turn(if catchment equipments' congelation inside of circle in tunnel of tunnel， the winter easily takes place ice to fill;BE freeze an inside of circle if round the rock right and wrong jelly bulge of rock soil， then will not take place the jelly bulge sexually transmitted disease to harm)Tunnel at design and start construction， result in the Chen carve waterproof ability shortage towards defending a jelly problem and considering or considering not a week， ， drain facilities to cover up inside hole deeply not enough， cure water measure not appropriate， the construction contains blemish， will result in and aggravate luck camp stage the jelly of the tunnel The prevention and cure that the strict and cold and cold region tunnel jelly harm， it the basic measure be comprehensive to cure water， replace soil， heat preservation to defend a jelly， structure to strengthen， prevent°from to melt to ， can basis actual circumstance comprehensive 5 The prevention and cure that the tunnel disease harmThe tunnel disease harms to all bring influence for normal luck camp and safeties of tunnel and sometimes influence very seriously;And， the disease harms the whole antinomy outstanding， the disease harm whole cure interference to normally carry a camp， result in the luck camp lose， but the disease harm under the whole condition which cure in the space， time and the construction conditions to all limit carry on， all the Therefore want to prevent°from for the lord first， having to be design a stage will adopt prevention measure and keep disease from harm a creation;Harm beard to check a pure disease to harm reason and adopt reasonable measure to carry on to the disease for appear on the other hand whole cure， the exaltation tunnel disease harms the whole engineering quality and economic performance for

建筑工程项目分承包管理方式的探讨 闻迅 关键词：项目、项目管理、总承包商（总包商）、分承包商（分包商）、建筑市场分包体系、矩阵式组织结构、合同管理、目标管理提要：随着建筑工程项目化管理更加深入，项目管理的科学方法应用更加广泛，建筑业向更高层次发展，建立完善的建筑业专业分包体系，将是我国建筑市场发展的必然趋势，笔者认为在目前的环境中，采用集权式的公司发包，授权项目的实施管理，采取矩阵式的组织管理结构，着重于合同管理和生产过程目标管理的方式，是较为有效的分包管理形式。 一项目的概念及特征、项目管理、建筑工程项目管理特点（一）项目的概念 “项目”的提法由来以早，建筑业及军事领域最早运用项目管理的工具和方法。项目的定义有多种，但都围绕着项目的基本概念而归纳的。ISO10006中规定项目为“具有独特的过程，有开始和结束时间，由一系列相互协调和受控的活动组成。过程的实施是为了达到规定的目标，包括满足时间、费用和资源的约束性条件。” 美国项目管理协会PMI在PMBOOK（2000版）给出的定义为：“项目是为了完成某一独特的产品或服务而作的一次性努力。” 德国国家标准DIN69901地应项目为“项目是指总体上符合下列条件的具有唯一性的任务。（具有预定目标，具体的时间、财务人力和其它限制条件，具有专门的组织）。” （二）项目的特征 独特和唯一性的任何项目所处的时间、地点、环境、参与的人、目的均各不相同，他们因项目二临时联系起来。就象“人没有相同的两个人”一样，是独特和唯一的。另外项目在进行过程中，所发生的事件、冲突和矛盾都不相同，所以对参与项目的人或物来说，每个项目都是独特的。因其在发展变化上的独特性，项目也是唯一的。 生命周期项目均具有明确的开始时间和结束时间。一般的，在这其中任何项目均具备四个阶段，即概念、计划、实施、结束四阶段，就如生命的孕育、出生、成长、成熟、消亡一样，项目周而复始，每个阶段都有相应不同的特点。现代，又将四阶段扩展为五阶段：“概念、计划、实施、结束、运行和维护”。 明确的目标项目活动均是“为了完成某一独特的产品或服务”，所以项目具有明确是目标，如建筑工程的质量、工期、成本文明施工目标。目标之间可能是相互矛盾和约束的，但又统一于项目内，目标具有约束性，项目活动就是要在受着许多约束和限制的条件下，完成诸多相互冲突矛盾的，但又不得不完成的任务。项目管理的结果就是在目标间求得一种平衡的结果。目标可以分解，总的目标由多层次的分目标组成。 系统组织项目是一个整体，项目各个组成部分相互影响，相互约束，形成一个完整的系统，并且项目都是在有组织的背景下产生的，如建筑工程项目都是在某建筑公司的组织内被组织和管理的，所以项目是一个有组织的整体系统。 不确定性项目是独特的，且是唯一的，项目发展没有固定先例。 Construction project management sub-contracting of Wen Xun Keywords: project， project management， general contractor (general contractor)， sub-contractors (subcontractors)， the construction market sub-system， matrix organizational structure， contract management ， the target management Abstract: With the construction projects in greater depth of management， project management of more extensive application of scientific methods， the construction industry to a higher level of development， set up a sound system of construction specialist sub-contractors will be building market development in China are the inevitable trend， I think in the current environment， the use of centralized contract-style company， authorized the implementation of the project management， to take the matrix-style organization and management structure， focused on contract management and production process management by objectives approach is a more effective management of subcontractors The concept and characteristics of the project， project management， construction project management features (1) project concept "project" was the origin of a morning， the building industry and the military field， the earliest use of project management tools and The definition of the project has a wide range， but they all revolve around the basic concept of the project and ISO10006 in the project as "a unique process that has the beginning and end of time， by a series of coordinated and controlled the activities of the The process of implementation are in order to achieve the objectives set， including the needs of time， cost and resource binding "American Project Management Institute PMI at PMBOOK (2000 version) give the definition as:" projects are completed for a unique product or service for a one-time "German National Standard DIN69901 and should project as a" project are refers to the following conditions are met on a unique (with the intended target， a specific time， financial and other restrictions on human conditions， with specific organizations) "(b) the characteristics of the project a unique and uniqueness any item in which the timing， location， environment， participation of people， the aim should vary， they are linked to project the Second P As "people do not have the same two people"， is unique and In addition the project during the course of events， conflicts and contradictions are not the same， so for example people or things involved in the project， each project is At the development and changes on its uniqueness， the project is also The life cycle of projects have specific start and end In general， and in this one of any of the items are available in four phases， namely， the concept， planning， implementation， ending four stage of life such as breeding， birth， growth， maturity， like the demise of the project cycle， each stage has a corresponding different Modern， will be extended to four stages of five stages: "the concept， planning， implementation， end of operation and " Specific objectives of the project activities are "for the completion of a unique product or service，" so the project with a clear goal， such as construction quality， duration and cost goals of civilized Between the objectives may be contradictory and constraints， but are united in the project， the target of a binding nature， the project activity is to much suffering and limit the conditions， the completion of the many contradictions in conflict with each other， but had to be completed The results of project management is to achieve a balance between the objectives of Goals can be decomposed， the overall target from multi-layered composition of the sub- System project is a whole organization， project the various components of the mutual influence， mutual constraints， form a complete system， and projects are organized at the background， such as construction projects are at a construction company organizations are organized and managed， so the project is an organized system as a Uncertainty projects are unique， and is the only project the development of no fixed

英语论文1500字工程管理怎么写

工程管理这个没问题你帮你 　管理职能，指管理承担的功能。现在最为广泛接受的是将管理分为四项基本职能： 　　1． 计划planning: 计划就是确定组织未来发展目标以及实现目标的方式。 　　2． 组织 organising: 服从计划，并反映着组织计划完成目标的方式。 　　3． 领导 leading: 运用影响力激励员工以便促进组织目标的实现 同时，领导也意味着创造共同的文化和价值观念，在整个组织范围内与员工沟通组织目标和鼓舞员工树立起谋求卓越表现的愿望 此外，领导也包括对所有部门，职能机构的直接与管理者一道工作的员工进行激励。 　　4． 控制 controlling: 对员工的活动进行监督，判定组织是否正朝着即定的目标健康地向前发展，并在必要的时候及时采取矫正措施。 　　法国管理学者法约尔最初提出把管理的基本职能分为计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制。后来，又有学者认为人员配备、领导、激励、创新等也是管理的职能。

有一篇施工监控的论文，你查收一下吧，希望对你有用！

Project management is a complex task which combines the discipline of planning， organizing， securing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and Commonly we refer to construction project management due to the rencent rapid development in developing countries， such as China， I The person who does the project management job is called project The whole process will include the following but not limited to site investigation， supervising construction The field has actually created more jobs than just project For example， the need of labour has increased and thus decrease the country's unemployment As well as in toher industries， such as woods and Hope it helps