中西方思维方式的差异论文英文翻译怎么写

中西方思维方式的差异论文英文翻译怎么写

%D6%D0%CE%F7&btn=+%CB%D1%CB%F7+ 1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史，无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧，都起源于民间，并与原始人祭祀神灵，欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史，它发展快，成就高，在世界上的影响很 类别：毕业论文 大小：95 KB 日期：2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临，中国与外界的交流越来越频繁，特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界，如同一个大家庭，参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因，各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长，跨国公司的飞速发展， 全球商业活动的猛烈激增，同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现，跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道，这种文化差异时而会造成 类别：毕业论文 大小：96 KB 日期：2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征：儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗，宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰，以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线，在思想上追求人格的完美，以“谦谦君 类别：毕业论文 大小：90 KB 日期：2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同 类别：毕业论文 大小：88 KB 日期：2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年，西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化；西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天，中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国 类别：毕业论文 大小：100 KB 日期：2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天，旅游业风风火火地发展起来了，作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来，且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世，这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机，但世界上酒店发展规模空前，

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract， such as differences everywhere， from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding First， in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same The representative of China in a sense， the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries， often in red and festive celebrations or day- Calendar， red font used these days， therefore， red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy " It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words， translated into English， may not necessarily use the "red" for example: 　 brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are In English， yellow can be said that the "timid， cowardly， despicable，" meaning， for example: a yellow dog despicable， cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar， vulgar and obscene， indecent indecency means， such as yellow film， erotica， yellow CD， and so These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to However， in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese， such as the blue jokes (dirty joke)， blue films (yellow film) Second， the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all， in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative， like excitement， more old-fashioned thinking， so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower， they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet， Jiao Mei's father， the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom， the bride's father， daughter to the groom's hand on hand， her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom， all eyes followed the couple， filled with well-being in their Second， the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different China is mainly Buddhist， but the West is mainly C Therefore， the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun R China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is， the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has 中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：　红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。

In the way of thinking，Westerners pay attention to speculation，rationality，analysis and demonstration，analysis as a whole and 思维方式上方面，西方人注重思辨、理性、分析、实证，剖析整体再加以综合。Chinese people pay attention to values，integrity and 中国人注重直观、整体、经验。In the view of Western philosophers， only speculative things are the most real， perfect and 在西方哲人看来，只有思辨性的东西才是最真实、最完善、最美好的。The traditional way of thinking in China is to deduce without 中国传统的思维方式，不是通过归纳推理，演绎推导。Based on the fact，with the existing experience and knowledge，the guests will recognize，understand and judge the essence and regularity of the things they 而是基于事实，凭借已有的经验和知识，对客观事物的本质及其规律性加以识别、理解和进行整体判断。In terms of value orientation，Westerners pay attention to self centeredness，respect for individuals and 价值取向方面，西方人注重以自我为中心，重个人、重竞争。Chinese people pay attention to group，society and Westerners' values believe that individual is the fundamental point of human 中国人注重群体、社会、和谐。西方人的价值观认为，个人是人类社会的基点。In terms of ethics， Westerners pay attention to individual laissez faire，innovative development and 伦理道德方面，西方人注重个人放任，创新发展，张扬荣誉。Chinese people pay attention to modesty，prudence and 中国人注重谦虚谨慎，不偏不倚。In terms of norms of conduct，Westerners attach importance to interests and  行为规范方面，西方人重利、重法。Western society，because of its emphasis on individual rights as the benchmark and the pursuit of self-interest as the goal，does not attach importance to the friendship between 西方社会由于强调以个人权利为基准，以追求私利为目标，因此不重视人与人之间的情义。Because of the influence of traditional moral and interest thought，Chinese people value justice over interest，and value emotion over 中国人重义”、重情。中国人由于受传统的义利思想的影响，重义轻利，重情轻法。

中国与西方教育的差别，首先体现在家庭教育上，中国父母在对待孩子的教育是处于一个指导性的，对孩子命令式的教育，规划孩子的一切，使他们自己的支配范围下，而且是孩子处于一个温室的模式，不注重孩子独立能力的培养。然而西方的家庭教育截然不同，父母与孩子首先是处于一个平等的地位，给孩子足够的四维空间，并注重孩子的独立自主意识和能力。其次，中国与西方的不同体现于学校教育，中国式的教育是硬式教育，学校根据父母和社会的需要，对孩子进行强制教育，不考虑孩子的感受。而且中国是教育是分数决定一切，只要做对试卷上的考题就行，没有考虑到开放学生的思维，实行“满堂灌”。而西方教育却是以学生为中心，以开发学生的思维为主要，更多的锻炼学生的动脑动手能力。因材施教，启发式的教育。两种教育的最后的结果是什么呢？我想这点很清楚了，从西方国家的科学技术水平上就可以看出，从西方的先进的思想就可以看出了。当然，也不能就此否决东方教育，只是我认为在今后的日子里可以更多把西方的一些先进教学理念与中国的教育结合起来，创造一个全新的中国特色社会主义教学方式。在此，仅把我的期望寄托在未来。Chinese and western education differences， in a first embodiment of family education， Chinese parents in the treatment of children's education is in a directive， command type on children education， planning for all children， make their area of control， and it is the child in a greenhouse model， do not pay attention to children 'independent ability However， the western family education are quite different， parents and children is the first in a equal status， give the child enough four-dimensional space， and pay attention to the child's awareness and ability to stand on one's Secondly， Chinese and Western different embodiment in school education， Chinese education is hard education according to the school， parents and social needs， for the children of compulsory education， do not consider the feelings of But China is education is decided by the score of all， so long as the examination questions on the line， do not take into account the open students' thinking， execute " chalk and talk" Western education is take the student as the center， to develop the students' thinking as the main， more exercise students hands-on minds Teach students in accordance with their aptitude， heuristic Two kinds of education， the final result is what? I think this is very clear， from the western country science and technology level can be seen， from the western advanced ideas can be Of course， nor is this veto Oriental Education， I just think that in the future may be more put in some western advanced teaching idea and Chinese education together， to create a new teaching mode of socialism with Chinese Here， only put my hope in the

中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响论文怎么写

你要写这个主题怎么一点儿头绪都没有呢？别人给你个提纲你能填进去内容吗？初步感觉，提纲大致分为以下部分一、绪论为什么研究这个问题，国内外研究现状，研究的理论价值和现实意义二、中英思维模式的差异相关争论（有没有，什么样？）；三、在翻译上的表现（具体的翻译差异，举例子——总结成条四、对翻译教育的启示研究方法就是文献研究吧，如果可能还可以用一下问卷调查（具体要看你的 思路）

去中国知网看看人家的硕士论文怎么写的 你就有方向了

噢。。。最明显不就是对俗语，惯语等，时尚文化类的认识。无论翻译什么语言，如果对对方文化不了解就不能灵活生动翻译。你可考虑探讨＊中西语言文化的差异，譬如文法秩序，词汇由来等。＊用现代中国一些普遍的时尚语，成语等举例，以字面翻译对照意译，再对照有文化深度的翻译（能够引用一句英文成语／俗语／时尚语来表达翻译）。观点成立后也可反过来用英译中。希望对楼主找眉目有帮助

中西方思维方式差异论文

中国与西方教育的差别，首先体现在家庭教育上，中国父母在对待孩子的教育是处于一个指导性的，对孩子命令式的教育，规划孩子的一切，使他们自己的支配范围下，而且是孩子处于一个温室的模式，不注重孩子独立能力的培养。然而西方的家庭教育截然不同，父母与孩子首先是处于一个平等的地位，给孩子足够的四维空间，并注重孩子的独立自主意识和能力。其次，中国与西方的不同体现于学校教育，中国式的教育是硬式教育，学校根据父母和社会的需要，对孩子进行强制教育，不考虑孩子的感受。而且中国是教育是分数决定一切，只要做对试卷上的考题就行，没有考虑到开放学生的思维，实行“满堂灌”。而西方教育却是以学生为中心，以开发学生的思维为主要，更多的锻炼学生的动脑动手能力。因材施教，启发式的教育。两种教育的最后的结果是什么呢？我想这点很清楚了，从西方国家的科学技术水平上就可以看出，从西方的先进的思想就可以看出了。当然，也不能就此否决东方教育，只是我认为在今后的日子里可以更多把西方的一些先进教学理念与中国的教育结合起来，创造一个全新的中国特色社会主义教学方式。在此，仅把我的期望寄托在未来。Chinese and western education differences， in a first embodiment of family education， Chinese parents in the treatment of children's education is in a directive， command type on children education， planning for all children， make their area of control， and it is the child in a greenhouse model， do not pay attention to children 'independent ability However， the western family education are quite different， parents and children is the first in a equal status， give the child enough four-dimensional space， and pay attention to the child's awareness and ability to stand on one's Secondly， Chinese and Western different embodiment in school education， Chinese education is hard education according to the school， parents and social needs， for the children of compulsory education， do not consider the feelings of But China is education is decided by the score of all， so long as the examination questions on the line， do not take into account the open students' thinking， execute " chalk and talk" Western education is take the student as the center， to develop the students' thinking as the main， more exercise students hands-on minds Teach students in accordance with their aptitude， heuristic Two kinds of education， the final result is what? I think this is very clear， from the western country science and technology level can be seen， from the western advanced ideas can be Of course， nor is this veto Oriental Education， I just think that in the future may be more put in some western advanced teaching idea and Chinese education together， to create a new teaching mode of socialism with Chinese Here， only put my hope in the

谈中西方哲学思维方式存在什么差异中西方哲学思维方式存在的很多 不同差异 中国一般都是人情国家

中西方哲学思维方式存在着巨大的差异。这种差异也是文化差异的一种体现。

中西方哲学思维方式存在着很大的差异，因为中西方的观念 可是想就是不一样的

中西方思维方式的差异论文

西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。据西方的植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多六倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便有“菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。他们视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，主张素食主义。西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好，故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮：高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉；而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比，那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式宴会交谊的目的都很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之间的交谊。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是：将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。所以，归根结底还是感性与理性之间的差异。但是，这种差异似乎在随着科学的发展而变的模糊。越来越多的中国人以不再只注重菜的色、香、味，而更注重它的卫生与营养了。尤其是在经历了非典以后。还有，人们因为越来越繁忙的工作，觉得中餐做起来太麻烦，不如来个汉堡方便等。这样一来在饮食上差异也就不太分明了。

中国偏向形象思维，西方偏向抽象思维中国偏重于形象思维。中国的孩子从启蒙阶段开始，就会接触到大量运用形象类比手法的古诗词、中国寓言和成语故事等。在小学阶段，形象思维的培养和训练更多，如形声字、描写类作文的学习等。抽象思维在中国低年级教学中占比则相对较少。欧美等西方国家则偏重于抽象思维。在古希腊时期，逻辑学就十分发达，后来的三段论等推理的理念，也成为西方人思维模式的重要组成部分。同时，西方人的抽象思维也体现在对事物的定义上，和较宏观的、描述性的形象思维不同，抽象思维更多聚焦于微观、概括或概念。

有一则趣谈:一所国际公寓闹火灾，里面住有犹太人，法国人，美国人和中国人犹太人急急忙忙先搬出的是他的保险箱，法国人先拖出的是他的情人，美国人则先抱出他的妻子，而中国人则先背出的是他的老母这一趣谈反映了一个事实:不同的民族有着自己区别于其他民族的特殊的文化心理素质，思维方式，价值尺度，道德规范和情感趣向 文化是指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富，精神财富和相应的创造才能的总和文化包括物质文化与精神文化，物质文化是指文化中看得见，摸得着的那部分，因此也称之为硬文化相对来说，精神文化就是软文化，而软文化则是文化的深层结构中西方硬文化的差异一目了然，但处于深层结构的软文化的差异则须进一步辩证分析中西方软文化的不同决定硬文化的差异，而中西方文化的差异也正在于此——即作为文化的深层结构的软文化的差异 一，中西方启蒙教育的认知方式不同 东西方民族各自具有独特的文化背景和社会心理结构，生产活动方式和发展水平不同，反映在思维，认识方式和风格上就存在着很大的差异西方民族思维方式以逻辑分析为主要特征，而以中国为代表的东方民族思维方式则以直观综合为基本特征中西方不同的认识方式深深影响了本民族理论思维和科学文化沿着不同的路向发展 西方重唯理，思辩，中方重经验，直觉 希腊哲学是西方哲学的源头，古希腊对自然有着浓厚的兴趣，他们关心世界本源，主客体关系，事物如何发展变化等虽然他们在简单仪器下的观察和实践缺乏逻辑连贯性，理性的方式并不系统，但人们的这种直接观察总是弥漫着理性思维的色彩，抽象思辩是西方思维的特征而作为东方民族典型代表的中国传统思维方式，则以直觉和经验为特征中国古代科学和哲学的各种范畴是靠向内思维得到的，是将各种经验现象酝酿体会，豁然贯通而提出的概念的这些概念的理解与西方向外思维逻辑演绎所得到的不同，理解只能意会而难以言传，如对中医医理和气功的理解，又如对一幅书法作品，一幅国画的欣赏，只能向内领会，才能领略作者的神韵的起伏 西方的细节分析与中方的整体综合 西方文化结构以细节分析居优，东方文化结构则以整体综合见长如:在姓氏排列中，中国姓氏先是宗姓，辈份，其次才是自己的名字，突出的是氏族整体西方国家则先是自己的名字，再是父名，然后才是族姓，突出的是自己又如:在时间，地址的书写表达顺序上，中国人习惯以年，月，日从大到小依次为序，地址则是按省，市，县到门牌号码排序，突出的是从整体到个别的析出关系，西方人则与中国人的顺序表达恰好相反，突出的是个别到整体的合成关系可见在中华民族的精神文化和意识结构中，从整体出发的综合观占突出地位，而这种整体综合观在考察事物时，通常忽略细节和成分分析，往往提供的是关于对象模糊整体的图景 二，中西方在人与自然关系上的着眼点与执著不同 杜维民教授认为:"中国文化关注的对象是人"人与人的关系是中国文化关心的核心问题，人们立足于现实人生，所以政治伦理学相当发达而西方文化较多关注的是自然，人与自然的关系是古希腊注重的中心问题，由此衍生出理智和科技中国的哲学无论儒，道，佛学都是一种人生哲学儒学求作为，道学求长生，佛学求悟觉儒学以孔子思想为正宗，孔子思想的核心是"仁"何者为"仁" 孔子曰:"仁者爱人!"可见是怎样做人的学问，兴趣在阐发君臣，父子等一套人与人之间的伦理关系，修身养性的目的即实现自己的从政的抱负——齐家治国平天下纯科学的研究及所有的自然科学都成为多数人不屑选择的行为和兴趣 中国文化在人与自然的关系上也有着自己的执著中国文化的一个重要特征就是"天人合一"，把自然人格化，追求人的精神消融于自然界之中，人与自然共呼吸的和谐状态中国文化的根深植于大地之中，中国文化自始即重农，"四民之中，士之下即为农"，"民以食为天"即缘由于此道家思想更是要人们对人生留恋和在大自然中寻求到生命慰籍的杰作 西方古代科学寓于对自然的探索之中，因此西方很早就出现了毕达哥拉斯，阿基米得这样一些名垂千古的专业科学家在人与自然的关系上，西方文化认为天人处于对立的斗争状态，因而产生了与中国文化不同的对自然的态度，即人应征服，控制自然，强调人与自然的对立，把自然看成敌对力量荷马史诗纯以海外遇险，征服自然为题材，他们的游戏都是在大自然的风浪中锻炼成长的人物西方人也讲人与人之间的关系，但首先关注的不是伦理而是竞争，因而出现了"优胜劣汰"的规律 中西方价值观与人生追求的不同 中西方价值观与人生追求的不同表现在社会生活的各个层面 第一，中西方人生价值取向不同 儒家给中国人提供的价值观念，在封建专制制度的支持下，逐步转变为一种根深蒂固的人生信念作为2000余年来的中国文化的一根精神支柱的这种人生信念，认为人生的价值就是在现世的作为之中，一个人在社会越有作为，他的生命就越有意义的积极入世思想在专制社会中权力就是一切，因此，人的作为最大者莫过于实现从政的抱负齐家治国平天下的宏伟理想统治着千百万中国文人碌碌无为的一生受这种一元化的人生价值的影响，多数人不愿问津自然科学，致使科学被困于萌芽状态另外，人的智慧才能都集中到了政治权术上，创造了一个世界上独一无二的变幻莫测而实质又超稳固的政治，文化模式在这种特殊的模式中，产生了中国独有的历史现象:当官不成，求当圣人;报国不得则退做隐士，或吟诗饮酒自得风浪，于是道教，佛教随之兴起，贪生的自去修道，厌世的不妨念佛而西方文化中人生价值呈多元化从政也是人生价值的实现，经商也被认为相当有价值西方人眼中最好的职业莫过于律师，医生 第二，西方的个人本位和中方的家族本位 近代西方人文主义是在神学背景上产生的，原罪观念在西方根深蒂固因此，西方人的道德指向是个人向自己负责，通过个人奋斗向上帝赎罪，由此引申出一条基督教义，即"上帝面前人人平等"当上帝被否定了时西方又产生了社会原子观念:个人就是原子，不依靠任何人而存在，个人权利任何人不得侵略，信奉个人本位，自我中心这种个人本位的思想影响了生活的各个方面，亲人间界线划分明确，老少聚餐，各自付款，对孩子也非常尊重，进孩子房间首先要问:"我能进来吗 "强调以子女脱离父母独立生活奋斗为荣，乐于谈论个人一得之见而中国以家族为本位家在中国人心目中是生活的宇宙，是一个生活的港湾，具有至高无上的凝结力脱离家便是"游子"，强调"父母在，不远游"家庭中有长幼关系，夫妻关系，要各安其分，各尽义务，即"尽伦"!孟子认为:圣人是"人伦之民"，伦的核心是"绝对服从"，幼服长，妻服夫使家变得如此重要的原因之一就是"孝"，"百善孝为先"，"孝道"是中国的国本，国粹，中国自古就有孝的文化，有以孝治天下之说家与孝原本有伟大的理性意义，但由于过分强调，终成了一种过分的家族意识，而忽略了个人自由的发展，"存天理，灭人欲"，以个人向群体负责为人生宗旨 第三，西方讲功利，时效，中方讲伦理，道德 西方文化由于自然科学的发展，因此比较重功利和实效，善于算经济帐例如:在一个大公司，如果每人节约几秒，加起来可节约几个人的时间，可少雇几个职员，减少多少开支又如:一个人在写字，圆珠笔的笔尖向外放还是向内放比较节约拿笔写字的时间，怎么放的状态最有效等 中国文化由于长期处于封建的农业社会，自然科学不发达，着重于人伦关系的调节礼义规范高于一切，"义"，"利"之辩的结果使价值观念产生偏差，提倡人为了符合某种礼义规范应该牺牲自己的利益，"重义轻利"被视为高风亮节，品格高尚更有甚者，到了"文革"期间，"只要社会主义的草，不要资本主义的苗"，只算政治帐，不算经济帐，对外中国只考虑政治影响，不顾及经济效益

主观思维和客观思维的区别。我个人觉得科学的出现是偶然的，但是第一次出现在西方国家是必然的。工业革命也是一样，但是地球的未来还是属于中国人。

中西方思维方式的差异论文英文版怎么写

中国与西方教育的差别，首先体现在家庭教育上，中国父母在对待孩子的教育是处于一个指导性的，对孩子命令式的教育，规划孩子的一切，使他们自己的支配范围下，而且是孩子处于一个温室的模式，不注重孩子独立能力的培养。然而西方的家庭教育截然不同，父母与孩子首先是处于一个平等的地位，给孩子足够的四维空间，并注重孩子的独立自主意识和能力。其次，中国与西方的不同体现于学校教育，中国式的教育是硬式教育，学校根据父母和社会的需要，对孩子进行强制教育，不考虑孩子的感受。而且中国是教育是分数决定一切，只要做对试卷上的考题就行，没有考虑到开放学生的思维，实行“满堂灌”。而西方教育却是以学生为中心，以开发学生的思维为主要，更多的锻炼学生的动脑动手能力。因材施教，启发式的教育。两种教育的最后的结果是什么呢？我想这点很清楚了，从西方国家的科学技术水平上就可以看出，从西方的先进的思想就可以看出了。当然，也不能就此否决东方教育，只是我认为在今后的日子里可以更多把西方的一些先进教学理念与中国的教育结合起来，创造一个全新的中国特色社会主义教学方式。在此，仅把我的期望寄托在未来。Chinese and western education differences， in a first embodiment of family education， Chinese parents in the treatment of children's education is in a directive， command type on children education， planning for all children， make their area of control， and it is the child in a greenhouse model， do not pay attention to children 'independent ability However， the western family education are quite different， parents and children is the first in a equal status， give the child enough four-dimensional space， and pay attention to the child's awareness and ability to stand on one's Secondly， Chinese and Western different embodiment in school education， Chinese education is hard education according to the school， parents and social needs， for the children of compulsory education， do not consider the feelings of But China is education is decided by the score of all， so long as the examination questions on the line， do not take into account the open students' thinking， execute " chalk and talk" Western education is take the student as the center， to develop the students' thinking as the main， more exercise students hands-on minds Teach students in accordance with their aptitude， heuristic Two kinds of education， the final result is what? I think this is very clear， from the western country science and technology level can be seen， from the western advanced ideas can be Of course， nor is this veto Oriental Education， I just think that in the future may be more put in some western advanced teaching idea and Chinese education together， to create a new teaching mode of socialism with Chinese Here， only put my hope in the

Western novels in comparison First， Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its In ancient times， science developed， out of fear of nature， the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God"， describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified， that is China opened the world's Pan story， the story of San Juan Five Emperors， the West Greek mythology， Roman mythology， Norse mythology， and so on are all typical East and West， the original novel， is closely linked with the history， as historical records complement the China Pre-Qin prose in the fable， the Han dynasty in the history books， biographies， the Wei and Jin Zhi， Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon， "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic"， in ancient Greece， "Homer's epic，" "Aesop's Fables "And so on， fall into this category， fiction， novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction， it is still not the literary creation， directly from the private collection record， so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple， writing rough Ban Gu said， "On the Street Lane words， hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the China's Tang Dynasty， the novel is only from history and literature become a Tang Dynasty culture has developed， the author's ideas are more open， the legend came into being at this time， Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan"， Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret，" Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on， are made in accordance with the creation of the For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent， not just the history of the nature of things， but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline， which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"， "Outlaws of the Marsh"， "Journey to the W" The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known， there are obvious story-telling style of Here by the redevelopment， it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process， the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus"， it was an open and ordinary life on the road， the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices， and gradually out a new Western novels， is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West， 14， the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control， 15， appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels， is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron"， Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of The resulting novel is a classical， elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well- As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge， enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels， of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust"， the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on， this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public In the 19th century， romantic fiction， realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of Romantic novels， such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris"， Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on， imaginative， unusual ideas， language and imaginative， strong Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life， and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens， France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society， the dark， in-depth criticism of the reality of evil， France Balzac and Maupassant， the United Kingdom of Charlotte， Bronte， Russia's Tolstoy， Dostoevsky， the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this Value today， the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the Second， the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel， the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1， the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters， language and the details of the description， in contradiction to the conflict to display the images， but the character of a single， small changes in the absence of the main Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description， stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind， good at writing full， the changes in the strong sense of the main Again， "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts， but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent， and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character， but Jane Eyre's character is the brave， strong， warm， kind-hearted， and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng' In short， people in the area described in the West has its own unique 2， China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete Plot twists and turns， the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous， magnificent anomaly， rigorous and clever， dramatic plot The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular， undulating waves， Cuoluoyouzhi， careful structure， an integral "A Dream of Red Mansions"， everywhere She Fu， Hui turning point， the story of Jia's best Western plot in respect of the outstanding works， although there are many， but it can not be compared with the Chinese 3， concise and lively Chinese language novel， rich in content and rich Western Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language， at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose， often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge， involve the community in many ways， so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are Western novels have different characteristics， and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent 4， Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult， Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame， so many great writers living， creating the conditions are not covered， many of the great works of authors who do not Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow， and many talented writers were forced to church services， wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry Third， Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty， China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system， the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each Of course， due to historical reasons， the Chinese side of the draw a little To this day， the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm， although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent， but the United States are We have every reason to believe that in the near future， the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate， develop and reach new artistic References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election，" Zhang Zhong， such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

圣经朋友你好 我个人建议大家多看一下 圣经 看之前建议，要存谦卑的心。因骄傲的人很难从中得到什么据了解，【圣经】好像是世界上销量最大的书。他每天的销量甚至达到几十万册！！！，已经翻译成2000多种文字。里面的内容真是博大精深。就连中国 老子 孔子 都没有理解透彻的“道”。在圣经里一句话就解释清楚了。在西方国家好像每人都有一本【圣经】信耶稣的每个人都有。就连爱迪生 牛顿也信，爱迪生曾说：“认识上帝是我最大的发明”。还有中国的张学良他的后半生竟是一位虔诚的基督徒。“圣经”真是一本奇妙的书。还听说“圣经”内有很多语言，都被科学证实了。现在我就有一本，只是没那么容易明白。我是非常喜欢他的，里面的有些内荣真是太好了，在其他书上真是很难看到。

200WaterFrom the beginning， water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel The first civilizations arose where water was a dominant element in the environment， a challenge to man’s The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar in response to the Nile’s annual The Babylonians， who were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times， invented laws regulating water Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1，000-mile canal， a complex system which， after neatly 2，500 years， remains still practically in use and still commands the astonishment of But the ancients never found complete solutions to their water The Yellow River is also known as “China’s Sorrow”; it is so unpredictable and dangerous that in a single flood it has caused a million Floods slowed the great civilization of the Indus River Valley， and inadequate drainage ruined much of its Today water dominates man as it always has Its presence continues to govern the location of his homes and cities; its violent variability can kill man or his crops; its routes links him to his fellows; its immense value may add to already dangerous political There are many examples of this in our own 300New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years， nothing about people -- not their clothes， ideas， or languages -- has changed as much as what they The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American I The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’ And although it was very expensive， it quickly became In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting Some still exist The photo is also from the New W Around 1600， the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe， where it soon was widely Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine” of 1845-6， and thousands more were forced to emigrate to AThere are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old W But some other went in the opposite Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee， and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American But it is native to E It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’According to an Arabic legend， coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake” feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day 400TV Shows and Long Bus TripsLong bus rides are like television They have a beginning， a middle， and an end – with commercials thrown in every three or four The commercials are They happen whether you want them or Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus “Buy Super Clean T” “Drink Good’n Wet Root B” “Fill up with Pacific G” Only if you sleep， which is equal to turning the television set off， are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It! Buy It Now!”The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting， even if you’ve traveled that way Usually some things have changed – new houses， new buildings， sometimes even a new The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so If the driver is particularly reckless or daring， the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane? After a while， of course， the excitement dies Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of Food always makes bus rides more But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you Too much salty food can make you very thirty between The end of the ride is somewhat like the You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in The seat， of course， has become hander as the hours have By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed， with your hands in your lap， with your hands on the arm rests – even with your hands crossed behind your The end comes just at the tight There are just no more ways to 500VolcanoesThere are thousands of volcanoes all over the What makes volcanoes? What happens?The inside of the earth is very Because it is very， very hot， the rock has melted like It has become liquid， like It is always boiling， like water in a If you have seen a kettle boiling， you know that the steam and boiling water try to get The very hot melted rock inside the earth also tries to get Usually it cannot because the outside of the earth is too thick and But in some places the outside of the earth is thin and Sometimes a crack (a small opening) The hot melted rock， which we call “lava”， pushes up through the crack and bursts Steam and gas shoot up into the air and the hot melted lava pours Big pieces of rock may be thrown high into the After a while the volcano becomes quiet The melted lava becomes Later the same thing happens again and Each time more hot lava pours out on top of the cold lava and then becomes In this way a kind of mountain is built up， with a hole down the Perhaps the volcano will then bi quiet and no more lava will burst Perhaps it will start again hundreds of years Although there are thousands of volcanoes in the world， most of them are Only about 500 sometimes start to throw out lava A famous volcano which is now dead is Mount Fujiyama in J It is covered with snow in Vesuvius is the name of a very famous volcano in I It first came to life many， many years It was quiet for hundreds of Then in the year 79 it suddenly A great cloud of smoke shot up into the sky with great burning rocks， which fell all Hot lava poured down its About 3，000 people were This has happened again many times since that Sometimes no damage was caused， or only little But there was serious damage in the years 472， 1631， 1794， 1861， 1872 and You can see that a volcano can stay alive for many In 1906 part of the top of the mountain fell There was also serious damage in 1914 but there has been any since that