有关中西方饮食文化差异的英语论文题目有哪些

有关中西方饮食文化差异的英语论文题目有哪些

Western cuisine is a generalized term collectively referring to the cuisines of Europe and other Western The term is used by Anglophone Asians to contrast with Asian styles of The cuisines of Western countries are diverse by themselves， although there are common characteristics that distinguishes Western cooking from cuisines of Asian countries and Compared with traditional cooking of Asian countries， for example， meat is more prominent and substantial in serving-size， and Westerners traditionally have a far more in-depth knowledge concerning specific methods of preparing and serving different cuts of meat than Asian Steak in particular is a common dish across the W Similarly to some Asian cuisines， Western cuisines also put substantial emphasis on sauces as condiments， seasonings， or accompaniments (in part due to the difficulty of seasonings penetrating the often larger pieces of meat used in Western cooking) Many dairy products are utilized in the cooking process， except in nouvelle Wheat-flour bread has long been the most common sources of starch in this cuisine， along with pasta， dumplings and pastries， although the potato has become a major starch plant in the diet of Europeans and their diaspora since the European colonization of the ARestaurants advertised to be specializing in generic Western cuisine in Asia tend to have menus containing a mixture of dishes mainly from France， the English-speaking world， and G Since the early 1990s dishes from Italy and Spain have become more prominent on these restaurants' Chinese cuisine originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in many other parts of the world — from Asia to the Americas， Australia， Western Europe and Southern A In recent years， connoisseurs of Chinese cuisine have also sprouted in Eastern Europe and South A American Chinese cuisine and Canadian Chinese food are popular examples of local Local ingredients would be adopted while maintaining the style and preparation Regional cultural differences vary greatly amongst the different regions of China， giving rise to the different styles of There are eight main regional cuisines， or Eight Great TThere are also featured Buddhist and Muslim sub-cuisines within the greater Chinese cuisine， with an emphasis on vegetarian and halal-based diets In most dishes in Chinese cuisine， food is prepared in bite-sized pieces， ready for direct picking up and Traditionally， Chinese culture considered using knives and forks at the table barbaric due to fact that these implements are regarded as It was also considered ungracious to have guests work at cutting their own Fish are usually cooked and served whole (or chunked)， with diners directly pulling pieces from the fish with chopsticks to eat， unlike in some other cuisines where they are first This is because it is desired for fish to be served as fresh as possible， and more importantly， whole fish culturally signifies wholeness of things as it has a proper beginning (head) with an end (tail) It is common in many restaurant settings for the server to use a pair of spoons to divide the fish into servings at the Chicken is another meat popular in Chinese While the chicken is cut into pieces， and similar to serving fish every single piece of the chicken is served including gizzards and head in order to signify In a Chinese meal， each individual diner is given his or her own bowl of rice while the accompanying dishes are served in communal plates (or bowls) that are shared by everyone sitting at the In the Chinese meal， each diner picks food out of the communal plates on a bite-by-bite basis with their This is in contrast to western meals where it is customary to dole out individual servings of the dishes at the beginning of the Many non-Chinese are uncomfortable with allowing a person's individual utensils (which might have traces of saliva) to touch the communal plates; for this hygienic reason， additional serving spoons or chopsticks （ common/public/shared chopsticks) may be made In areas with increased Western influence， such as Hong Kong， diners are provided individually with a heavy metal spoon for this The food selected is often eaten together with some rice either in one bite or in

Customs on eatingFood between China and Western countries are totally different China has 5000 years We probably spend half of time on Chinese people choice food very They only use fresh material to make For example they only eat fresh Chinese have a lot of ideas and techniques for We can cook a chicken in over ten That’s why Chinese food is so popular in the Western country like English or American， they don’t have fresh food because they buy their food from supermarket which only sells stored Western people would also prefer fast food like burgers and They are unhealthy to human Western people do not have many skills for cooking， mostly they only boil， steam and bake the By the way， western people are very good at making desert and They can make very good cake and They are very sweet but it’s sort of food which make you become fat In china if you invite people for meal， the person who invited other people would pay for the meal but it’s not the way in Western In western country people will think you only invited me but it’s not your responsibility to pay for I can afford They won’t be happy if you pay for People in China would always put dishes into customer’s plate to show their hospitality， but they will think it’s not healthy because your chopsticks have been used by In western coountry like America not England， people will always give tips to waiter after they finished meal in a If you don’t they will not be happy because tips are one of their major In china this only happen in some top restaurants and hotels in large international cities like Beijing， Shanghai and G Western people will also think you are rude if you make sound during the Western people do not hold their bowl up even when they have a bowl of There is also a huge difference between Chinese and Western Chinese people use chopsticks and western people use fork and Usually people who use fork and knife will use fork to hold the meat and cut it by knife and use fork to help to get that piece of meat into Chinese just use chopstick to pick things and pass it into your Chinese people only have three meals during a But western people will have more， they have afternoon Usually they would have fruits， homemade cake， tea (black tea) or biscuit with If you are a housewife and have a lot of time， you may have morning tea as 该文章转载自：/译文：饮食习惯中国和西方国家的饮食风格完全不一样。中国有五千年的历史。我们可能花了一半的时间在饮食上。中国人非常细心的选择饮食。他们仅选择新鲜的物料做食物。例如，他们只吃新鲜的鱼。在做饭上中国人有许多的想法和技巧。我们能用十多种方法做一只鸡，这就是中国食物在全世界如此出名的原因。西方国家像英国或美国，他们没有新鲜的食物因为他们只能从超市购买储藏的物品，西方人也喜欢快餐像汉堡包和炸土豆条。他们对人的身体是不健康的，在做食物上西方人没有太多的技巧。他们大多数仅用沸水煮、蒸汽和烘烤食物。随便说，西方人擅长做干燥的食物和巧克力。他们能做许多蛋糕和巧克力，除了其他几种以外他们喜欢甜食，很快的使他们肥胖

最好去学校图书馆或省市图书馆上网进论文库查询以往论文以作参考

The Kingdom of Thailand lies in the heart of Southeast Asia， making it a natural gateway to Indochina， Myanmar and Southern C 。 Its shape and geography divide into four natural regions : the mountains and forests of the North; the vast rice fields of the Central Plains; the semi-arid farm lands of the Northeast plateau; and the tropical islands and long coastline of the peninsula S The country has seventy-six provinces that are further divided into districts， sub-districts and Bangkok is the capital city and centre of political， commercial， industrial and cultural It is also the seat of Thailand's revered Royal Family， with His Majesty the King recognized as Head of State， Head of the Armed Forces， Upholder of the Buddhist religion and Upholder of all 用google搜索 travel in The Kingdom of Thailand 看一下就行。都是关于泰国的介绍，自己写作文的话就改一下吧。毕竟作文和资料不太一样。看不懂可以直接看译文。望采纳。

英语论文中西方饮食文化差异有哪些

引用cn#aVVVGpkkGG的回答：Let me tell you something about Chinese foods and English There are a lot of differences between Chinese foods and English Firstly， we Chinese eat rice mainly while English people have fish and Secondly， the variety of Chinese foods is much more than English Thirdly， Chinese foods usually need more time to cook while English foods such as sandwiches and burgers are much more convenient to Besides above， more differences could be found if you search on the I I personally like Chinese foods

Let me tell you something about Chinese foods and English There are a lot of differences between Chinese foods and English Firstly， we Chinese eat rice mainly while English people have fish and Secondly， the variety of Chinese foods is much more than English Thirdly， Chinese foods usually need more time to cook while English foods such as sandwiches and burgers are much more convenient to Besides above， more differences could be found if you search on the I I personally like Chinese foods

最好去学校图书馆或省市图书馆上网进论文库查询以往论文以作参考

The Kingdom of Thailand lies in the heart of Southeast Asia， making it a natural gateway to Indochina， Myanmar and Southern C 。 Its shape and geography divide into four natural regions : the mountains and forests of the North; the vast rice fields of the Central Plains; the semi-arid farm lands of the Northeast plateau; and the tropical islands and long coastline of the peninsula S The country has seventy-six provinces that are further divided into districts， sub-districts and Bangkok is the capital city and centre of political， commercial， industrial and cultural It is also the seat of Thailand's revered Royal Family， with His Majesty the King recognized as Head of State， Head of the Armed Forces， Upholder of the Buddhist religion and Upholder of all 用google搜索 travel in The Kingdom of Thailand 看一下就行。都是关于泰国的介绍，自己写作文的话就改一下吧。毕竟作文和资料不太一样。看不懂可以直接看译文。望采纳。

有关中西方饮食文化差异的英语论文题目有哪些类型

最好去学校图书馆或省市图书馆上网进论文库查询以往论文以作参考

这个是一番大工程呀，短时间内不太好写哦，就自己琢磨琢磨吧

The Kingdom of Thailand lies in the heart of Southeast Asia， making it a natural gateway to Indochina， Myanmar and Southern C 。 Its shape and geography divide into four natural regions : the mountains and forests of the North; the vast rice fields of the Central Plains; the semi-arid farm lands of the Northeast plateau; and the tropical islands and long coastline of the peninsula S The country has seventy-six provinces that are further divided into districts， sub-districts and Bangkok is the capital city and centre of political， commercial， industrial and cultural It is also the seat of Thailand's revered Royal Family， with His Majesty the King recognized as Head of State， Head of the Armed Forces， Upholder of the Buddhist religion and Upholder of all 用google搜索 travel in The Kingdom of Thailand 看一下就行。都是关于泰国的介绍，自己写作文的话就改一下吧。毕竟作文和资料不太一样。看不懂可以直接看译文。望采纳。

only found hope that works~American table manners[edit] Table Layout * Bread plates are to the left of the main plate， beverage glasses are to the * Salad fork， knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course knife， fork and Dessert utensils are either placed above the main plate or served with [edit] General Behavior * Chew with your mouth * Do not talk at an excessively loud * Refrain from coughing， sneezing or blowing nose at the * Never tilt back your chair while at the table， or at any other * Do not make unbecoming noises while * Do not play with food or table * Do not single out or chastise someone who has shown poor table * Do not put your elbows on the table or * Always ask the host or hostess to be excused before leaving the * Do not stare at anyone while he or she is * Never talk on your phone at the If urgent， ask host or hostess to be excused， and go Apologize when [edit] Utensils * Do not eat food with your fingers unless you are eating foods customarily eaten with fingers， such as bread， french fries， chicken wings， pizza， * The fork may be used either in the American (use the fork in your left hand while cutting; switch to right hand to pick up and eat a piece) or the Continental (fork remains in the left hand) fashion -- either is now (See Fork etiquette) * The fork is used to convey any solid food to the * The knife blade should be placed on the edge of your plate when not in The blade should always face * When you have finished eating soup， the spoon should be placed to the side of the saucer， not left in the * Keep your napkin on your At more formal occasions all diners will wait to place their napkins on their laps until the host or hostess places his or her napkin on his or her lap * When eating barbecue or some other messy foods such as cracked crab， a 'bib' napkin may be provided for and used by Usually these foods are also eaten by hand， and wet wipes or paper napkins should be used to clean the * When using paper napkins， never ball them up or allow stains to * Use your silverware from the outside moving inward toward the main (Salad fork， knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course knife， fork and Dessert utensils are either placed above the main plate or served with )[edit] Dining * A prayer or 'blessing' may be customary in some families， and the guests should join in even if they are not religious or do not follow the same Most prayers are made by the host before the meal is Instead or in addition， a 'toast' may be offered [1] * Do not start eating until (a) every person is served or (b) those who have not been served request that you begin without At more formal occasions all diners will wait to begin until the hostess or host lifts a fork or * When a dish is presented 'family style'， the food is served to one's plate and then passed on to the next put the food on your left， take some and pass to the person next to * When serving， serve from the left and pick up the dish from the Beverages are both served and removed from the * Eat soup noiselessly and with the side of the * Tea or coffee should never be poured into the saucer to cool but should be sipped from the Alternatively， ice may be used to cool * Seasoning ones meal prior to tasting can be considered rude and may insult the [edit] At the end of the meal * It is acceptable in most places to not finish all of the food on your * When finished with your meal， place your knife and fork with handles at the 4 o'clock position and the tines of the fork down to signal to the server you are * Except in a public restaurant， do not ask to take some of your uneaten food away from the meal after it ends， especially when having a formal [edit] British table manners * The fork is held in your left hand and the knife is held in your * You should hold your knife with the handle in your palm and your fork in the other hand with the prongs pointing * If you’re eating a dessert， your fork (if you have one) should be held in the left hand and the spoon in the * When eating soup， you should hold your spoon in your right hand and tip the bowl away from you， scooping the soup in movements away from * It is not acceptable to use your fingers at the table to eat or push food onto your You may， however， eat some foods such as fruit， sandwiches， hamburgers， crisps， chips or pizza with your * If there are a number of knives or forks， then you should start from the outside set working your way in as each course is * Drinks should always be to the right of your plate with the bread roll to the * When eating bread rolls， break off a piece before Use your knife only to butter the bread， not to cut * You should not start eating before your host does or instructs you to do At larger meals， it is considered okay to start eating once others have been * When you’re finished， place your knife and fork together at five o’clock with your fork on the left (tines facing up) and knife on the right， with the knife blade facing This signals that you are * Your napkin should never be screwed Nor should it be folded neatly as that would suggest that your host might plan to use it again without washing it - just leave is neatly but * Never blow your nose on your Place it on your lap and use it to dab your mouth if you make a * It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the If you need to take an urgent call， excuse yourself and go * Always ask for permission from the host and excuse yourself if you need to leave the You should place your napkin on your seat until you * If you must leave the table or are resting， your fork should be at eight o’clock and your knife at four o’clock (with the blade inwards) Once an item of cutlery has been used， it should not touch the table * The food should be brought to your mouth on the fork; you should sit straight and not lean towards your * Dishes should be served from the right， and taken away from the Unless the food is placed on your plate at the table， then it should arrive from the * Drinks should be served from the * Never lean across somebody else’s If you need something to be passed， ask the person closest to If you have to pass something， only pass it if you are closest to it and pass it directly to them if you * Salt & pepper should be passed * Do not take food from a neighbour’s plate and don’t ask to do * You must not put your elbows on the * If pouring a drink for yourself， offer to pour a drink for your neighbours before serving * If extra food is on the table， ask others first if they would like it before taking it * When chewing food， close your mouth and only talk when you have swallowed * Swallow all food before eating more or having a * Do not slurp your food or eat Burping or sneezing at the table should be avoided， * Never pick food out of your teeth with your * Try to eat all the food you are * Glasses served in a wine glass or other stemmed-glass should be held at the * Always remember “regular” Remember to say "please" and "thank you"[edit] Chinese table mannersThese are mostly concerned with the use of Otherwise generally Chinese table manners are rather more informal， what would be considered rude in other cultures such as talking with the mouth full may be acceptable but better not to do * Chopsticks must always be held in the correct It should be held between the thumb and fingers of the right hand， * Chopsticks are traditionally held in the right hand only， even by the left- Although chopsticks may now be found in either hand， a few still consider left-handed chopstick use improper One explanation for the treatment of such usage as improper is that this can symbolise argument， as the chopsticks may collide between the left-handed and right-handed * When communal chopsticks are supplied with shared plates of food， it is considered impolite to use your own chopsticks to pick up the food from the shared plate or eat using the communal An exception to this rule is made in intimate family dinners where family members may not mind the use of one's own chopsticks to transfer * It is considered impolite to use the blunt end of the chopsticks to transfer food from a common dish to your own plate or Use the communal chopsticks * Never wave your chopsticks around as if they were an extension of your hand gestures， bang them like drumsticks， or use them to move bowls or * Decide what to pick up before reaching with Do not hover around or poke looking for special After you have picked up an item， do not put it back in the * When picking up a piece of food， never use the tips of your chopsticks to poke through the food as if you were using a Exceptions include tearing larger items apart such as In informal use， small， difficult to pick-up items such as cherry tomatoes or fishballs may be stabbed but this use is frowned upon by * Chopsticks can be rested horizontally on one's plate or bowl to keep them off the table A chopstick rest can also be used to keep the points off the * Never stab chopsticks into a bowl of rice， leaving them standing Any stick-like object facing upward resembles the incense sticks that some Asians use as offerings to deceased family This is considered the ultimate faux pas on the dining * Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a If rice is served on a plate， as is more common in the West， it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or The thumb must always be above the edge of the * It is acceptable to transfer food to people who have a close relation with you ( parents， grandparents， children or significant others) if you notice they are having difficulty picking up the Also it is a sign of respect to pass food to the elderly first before the dinner starts (part of the Confucian tradition of respecting seniors) * Traditionally， it is polite for the youngest members of the table to address each and everyone of the elderly members of the table before a meal starts and literally tell them to "eat rice"， which means "go ahead and start the meal"， to show * The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently One should not pour for ones self， but should (if thirsty) offer to pour for a When your drink is being poured， you should say "thank you" and/or tap your fingers on the table to show * When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer， it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show * When eating food that contains bones， it is customary that the bones be spit out onto the table to the right of the dining plate in a neat

有关中西方饮食文化差异的英语论文题目有哪些及答案

Let me tell you something about Chinese foods and English There are a lot of differences between Chinese foods and English Firstly， we Chinese eat rice mainly while English people have fish and Secondly， the variety of Chinese foods is much more than English Thirdly， Chinese foods usually need more time to cook while English foods such as sandwiches and burgers are much more convenient to Besides above， more differences could be found if you search on the I I personally like Chinese foods

The Kingdom of Thailand lies in the heart of Southeast Asia， making it a natural gateway to Indochina， Myanmar and Southern C 。 Its shape and geography divide into four natural regions : the mountains and forests of the North; the vast rice fields of the Central Plains; the semi-arid farm lands of the Northeast plateau; and the tropical islands and long coastline of the peninsula S The country has seventy-six provinces that are further divided into districts， sub-districts and Bangkok is the capital city and centre of political， commercial， industrial and cultural It is also the seat of Thailand's revered Royal Family， with His Majesty the King recognized as Head of State， Head of the Armed Forces， Upholder of the Buddhist religion and Upholder of all 用google搜索 travel in The Kingdom of Thailand 看一下就行。都是关于泰国的介绍，自己写作文的话就改一下吧。毕竟作文和资料不太一样。看不懂可以直接看译文。望采纳。

only found hope that works~American table manners[edit] Table Layout * Bread plates are to the left of the main plate， beverage glasses are to the * Salad fork， knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course knife， fork and Dessert utensils are either placed above the main plate or served with [edit] General Behavior * Chew with your mouth * Do not talk at an excessively loud * Refrain from coughing， sneezing or blowing nose at the * Never tilt back your chair while at the table， or at any other * Do not make unbecoming noises while * Do not play with food or table * Do not single out or chastise someone who has shown poor table * Do not put your elbows on the table or * Always ask the host or hostess to be excused before leaving the * Do not stare at anyone while he or she is * Never talk on your phone at the If urgent， ask host or hostess to be excused， and go Apologize when [edit] Utensils * Do not eat food with your fingers unless you are eating foods customarily eaten with fingers， such as bread， french fries， chicken wings， pizza， * The fork may be used either in the American (use the fork in your left hand while cutting; switch to right hand to pick up and eat a piece) or the Continental (fork remains in the left hand) fashion -- either is now (See Fork etiquette) * The fork is used to convey any solid food to the * The knife blade should be placed on the edge of your plate when not in The blade should always face * When you have finished eating soup， the spoon should be placed to the side of the saucer， not left in the * Keep your napkin on your At more formal occasions all diners will wait to place their napkins on their laps until the host or hostess places his or her napkin on his or her lap * When eating barbecue or some other messy foods such as cracked crab， a 'bib' napkin may be provided for and used by Usually these foods are also eaten by hand， and wet wipes or paper napkins should be used to clean the * When using paper napkins， never ball them up or allow stains to * Use your silverware from the outside moving inward toward the main (Salad fork， knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course knife， fork and Dessert utensils are either placed above the main plate or served with )[edit] Dining * A prayer or 'blessing' may be customary in some families， and the guests should join in even if they are not religious or do not follow the same Most prayers are made by the host before the meal is Instead or in addition， a 'toast' may be offered [1] * Do not start eating until (a) every person is served or (b) those who have not been served request that you begin without At more formal occasions all diners will wait to begin until the hostess or host lifts a fork or * When a dish is presented 'family style'， the food is served to one's plate and then passed on to the next put the food on your left， take some and pass to the person next to * When serving， serve from the left and pick up the dish from the Beverages are both served and removed from the * Eat soup noiselessly and with the side of the * Tea or coffee should never be poured into the saucer to cool but should be sipped from the Alternatively， ice may be used to cool * Seasoning ones meal prior to tasting can be considered rude and may insult the [edit] At the end of the meal * It is acceptable in most places to not finish all of the food on your * When finished with your meal， place your knife and fork with handles at the 4 o'clock position and the tines of the fork down to signal to the server you are * Except in a public restaurant， do not ask to take some of your uneaten food away from the meal after it ends， especially when having a formal [edit] British table manners * The fork is held in your left hand and the knife is held in your * You should hold your knife with the handle in your palm and your fork in the other hand with the prongs pointing * If you’re eating a dessert， your fork (if you have one) should be held in the left hand and the spoon in the * When eating soup， you should hold your spoon in your right hand and tip the bowl away from you， scooping the soup in movements away from * It is not acceptable to use your fingers at the table to eat or push food onto your You may， however， eat some foods such as fruit， sandwiches， hamburgers， crisps， chips or pizza with your * If there are a number of knives or forks， then you should start from the outside set working your way in as each course is * Drinks should always be to the right of your plate with the bread roll to the * When eating bread rolls， break off a piece before Use your knife only to butter the bread， not to cut * You should not start eating before your host does or instructs you to do At larger meals， it is considered okay to start eating once others have been * When you’re finished， place your knife and fork together at five o’clock with your fork on the left (tines facing up) and knife on the right， with the knife blade facing This signals that you are * Your napkin should never be screwed Nor should it be folded neatly as that would suggest that your host might plan to use it again without washing it - just leave is neatly but * Never blow your nose on your Place it on your lap and use it to dab your mouth if you make a * It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the If you need to take an urgent call， excuse yourself and go * Always ask for permission from the host and excuse yourself if you need to leave the You should place your napkin on your seat until you * If you must leave the table or are resting， your fork should be at eight o’clock and your knife at four o’clock (with the blade inwards) Once an item of cutlery has been used， it should not touch the table * The food should be brought to your mouth on the fork; you should sit straight and not lean towards your * Dishes should be served from the right， and taken away from the Unless the food is placed on your plate at the table， then it should arrive from the * Drinks should be served from the * Never lean across somebody else’s If you need something to be passed， ask the person closest to If you have to pass something， only pass it if you are closest to it and pass it directly to them if you * Salt & pepper should be passed * Do not take food from a neighbour’s plate and don’t ask to do * You must not put your elbows on the * If pouring a drink for yourself， offer to pour a drink for your neighbours before serving * If extra food is on the table， ask others first if they would like it before taking it * When chewing food， close your mouth and only talk when you have swallowed * Swallow all food before eating more or having a * Do not slurp your food or eat Burping or sneezing at the table should be avoided， * Never pick food out of your teeth with your * Try to eat all the food you are * Glasses served in a wine glass or other stemmed-glass should be held at the * Always remember “regular” Remember to say "please" and "thank you"[edit] Chinese table mannersThese are mostly concerned with the use of Otherwise generally Chinese table manners are rather more informal， what would be considered rude in other cultures such as talking with the mouth full may be acceptable but better not to do * Chopsticks must always be held in the correct It should be held between the thumb and fingers of the right hand， * Chopsticks are traditionally held in the right hand only， even by the left- Although chopsticks may now be found in either hand， a few still consider left-handed chopstick use improper One explanation for the treatment of such usage as improper is that this can symbolise argument， as the chopsticks may collide between the left-handed and right-handed * When communal chopsticks are supplied with shared plates of food， it is considered impolite to use your own chopsticks to pick up the food from the shared plate or eat using the communal An exception to this rule is made in intimate family dinners where family members may not mind the use of one's own chopsticks to transfer * It is considered impolite to use the blunt end of the chopsticks to transfer food from a common dish to your own plate or Use the communal chopsticks * Never wave your chopsticks around as if they were an extension of your hand gestures， bang them like drumsticks， or use them to move bowls or * Decide what to pick up before reaching with Do not hover around or poke looking for special After you have picked up an item， do not put it back in the * When picking up a piece of food， never use the tips of your chopsticks to poke through the food as if you were using a Exceptions include tearing larger items apart such as In informal use， small， difficult to pick-up items such as cherry tomatoes or fishballs may be stabbed but this use is frowned upon by * Chopsticks can be rested horizontally on one's plate or bowl to keep them off the table A chopstick rest can also be used to keep the points off the * Never stab chopsticks into a bowl of rice， leaving them standing Any stick-like object facing upward resembles the incense sticks that some Asians use as offerings to deceased family This is considered the ultimate faux pas on the dining * Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a If rice is served on a plate， as is more common in the West， it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or The thumb must always be above the edge of the * It is acceptable to transfer food to people who have a close relation with you ( parents， grandparents， children or significant others) if you notice they are having difficulty picking up the Also it is a sign of respect to pass food to the elderly first before the dinner starts (part of the Confucian tradition of respecting seniors) * Traditionally， it is polite for the youngest members of the table to address each and everyone of the elderly members of the table before a meal starts and literally tell them to "eat rice"， which means "go ahead and start the meal"， to show * The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently One should not pour for ones self， but should (if thirsty) offer to pour for a When your drink is being poured， you should say "thank you" and/or tap your fingers on the table to show * When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer， it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show * When eating food that contains bones， it is customary that the bones be spit out onto the table to the right of the dining plate in a neat

檫，我今年也是这题目

有关中西方饮食文化差异的英语论文题目大全

这个是一番大工程呀，短时间内不太好写哦，就自己琢磨琢磨吧

中西文化历来是世界文化的两大派系，而饮食在两个文化中部占有非常重要的地位。中西文化之间的差异从而造就了中西饮食文化的差异，在两种不同的文化背景下，中西方饮食习俗，不论在其观念、性质，还是在其方式、对象等诸多方面，所存在的差异是非常鲜明的。笔者根据自己几十年从事西式餐饮的经验，提出以下几点看法，以供参考。　　1、中西饮食观念的差异　　历史上，中国是世界上最古老的国家之一，有5000年的悠久而厚重的历史，创造了无数的灿烂文明，在这种文化蕴藏中，使中国的饮食更加博大精深。随着时间的流逝以及辽阔国土的地域差异，四大菜系逐渐形成，四大菜系自成体系，各有特点，但共同点是用料复杂考究，制作方法复杂，口味、菜式多种多样，令人惊叹。　　西方以欧美为代表，其文化同样源远流长。到中世纪，欧洲文化已十分完善，在此期间，旧西方的饮食文化已经形成。其主要特点为：主食以面粉为主，原料也较为丰富，制作方法较中国简单，但同时也十分注重口味。　　由于中西哲学思想的不同，西方人于饮食重科学。重科学即讲求营养。故西方饮食以营养为最高准则，进食犹如为一生物的机器添加燃料，特别讲求食物的营养成分，蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素及各类无机元素的含量是否搭配合宜，热量的供给是否恰到好处以及这些营养成分是否能为进食者充分吸收，有无其他副作用。这些问题都是烹调中的大学问，而菜肴的色、香、味如何，则是次一等的要求。即或在西方首屈一指的饮食大国——法国，其饮食文化虽然在很多方面与我们近似，但一接触到营养问题，双方便拉开了距离。　　中国五味调和的烹调术旨在追求美味，其加工过程中的热油炸和长时间的文火攻，都会使菜肴的营养成分被破坏。法国烹调虽亦追求美味，但同时总不忘“营养”这一大前提，一味含营养而求美味是他们所不取的。尤其是20世纪60年代出现的现代烹调思想，特别强调养生、减肥，从而追求清淡少油，强调采用新鲜原料，强调烹调过程中保持原有的营养成分和原有的味道，所以蔬菜基本上都是生吃。所以说西方饮食之重营养是带有普遍性的。　　2、中西饮食对象的差异　　西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”；而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的。所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。　　据西方植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多6倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便有“菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千丝万缕的联系。佛教便视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，主张素食主义。　　西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好。故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮：高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉；而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。　　3、中西钦食方式、餐具及礼仪的不同　　中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席；筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人与人相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人与人之间相互尊重、争让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。　　在餐具方面，差异就更甚明显。众所周知，中国人包括亚洲一些黄种人的国家，使用的是筷子、汤匙，吃饭也用碗盛；而西方人呢，则是盘子盛食物，用刀叉即切即吃，喝汤则有专门的汤匙。筷子与刀叉作为东西方最具代表性的两种餐具，筷子和刀叉影响了东西方不同的生活方式，代表着不同的两种智慧。著名的物理学家、诺贝尔物理奖获得者李政道博士，在接受一位日本记者采访时，也有一段很精辟的论述：“中华民族是个优秀民族，中国人早在春秋战国时期就使用了筷子。如此简单的两根东西，却是高妙绝伦地运用了物理学上的杠杆原理。筷子是人类手指的延伸，手指能做的事它几乎都能做，而且不怕高温与寒冷。真是高明极了!”　　在礼仪方面，中西两者更显不同。在中国古代，在用餐过程中，就有一套繁文缛节。《礼记·曲记》载：“共食不饱，共饭不择手，毋放饭，……毋固获，毋扬饭，……卒食，客自前跪，撒饭齐以授相者，主人辞于客，然后客坐。”这段话大意主要是：大家共同吃饭时，不可以只顾自己吃饭。如果和别人一起吃饭，必须检查手的清洁。不要把多余的饭放回锅里，不要专占着食物，也不要簸扬着热饭。吃完饭后，客人应该起身向前收拾桌上的盘碟，交给主人，主人跟着起身，请客人不要劳动，然后客人再坐下。这些礼仪有的在现代也是必要的礼貌。在西方宴席上，主人一般只给客人夹一次菜，其余由客人自主食用：若客人不要，也不便硬让人家再吃，也不要按中国人的习惯频频给客人劝酒、夹菜。吃东西时，也不要发出响声，但客人要注意赞赏主人准备的饭菜。若与人谈话，只能与邻座的交谈，不要与距离远的人交谈。　　4、中西饮食性质的差异　　饮食观念的不同，使西方饮食倾向于科学、理性，中国饮食倾向于艺术、感性。烹调出自饮食，饮食原来是一个旨在供给维持生命的营养。西方饮食习俗的着重点仅仅是原始的饮食实用性的延伸；而中国饮食习俗中对味的偏重，就把饮食推向了艺术的殿堂。从这两种饮食观可以看出：西方饮食日趋规范化，中，国饮食随意性大。　　中西方饮食文化差异是明显的，而且各有长处。随着经济全球化及信息变流的加快，中西饮食文化将在碰撞中不断融合，在融合中相互互补。现在的中餐已开始注重食物的营养性、健康性和烹饪的科学性；西餐也开始向中餐的色、香、味、意、形的境界发展。中西餐饮文化将在交流中共同发展。

Let me tell you something about Chinese foods and English There are a lot of differences between Chinese foods and English Firstly， we Chinese eat rice mainly while English people have fish and Secondly， the variety of Chinese foods is much more than English Thirdly， Chinese foods usually need more time to cook while English foods such as sandwiches and burgers are much more convenient to Besides above， more differences could be found if you search on the I I personally like Chinese foods

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