旅游景点名称翻译论文英文文献

旅游景点名称翻译论文英文文献

我正好看到一篇有关旅游景点名称；归化；异化；直译；音译；意译的文章，里面大概阐述了有关旅游景点翻译时注意的一些事项，你可以借鉴一下。：） 复制下摘要： 摘要：旅游景点名称的翻译是旅游翻译的重要环节。但是由于景点名称所包含文化的多样性以及中英文之间的不对等性，使得在中文景点名称的英译过程中信息传递的不完全，存在有许多困难以及误区。本文分析了中文景点名称的特点，并对其进行分类；剖析了“归化”和“异化”这两种翻译策略的优缺点，并对现在用得较多的翻译方法：“音译”，“直译”和“意译”进行了比较、分析。从而对于旅游景点名称的翻译进行初步的探讨。 再给你补充一些中英文的景点介绍，供你参考。 1.城隍庙的英文介绍稿： Chenghuang Miao Temple 城隍庙 The Temple of the Town Deity is located south of Yuyuan Gardan. There used to be a temple to the local deity, whick the inhabitants believed would protect them, in every city. The city deities were frequently real persons to whom the town owed something. Today, an arts aand crafts store is in the temple. Garden 豫园 Yuyuan Garden is northeast of the Old Town. A high official had it designed in the Suzhou style as a private garden and built from 1559-- 1577. Later, it was restored several times. In spite of its relatively small area of two hectares it seems considerably larger due to the skillful arrangement of 30 different landscape scenes. The garden consists of an inner and an outer section. The inner garden, neiyuan, is in the southern part and substantially smaller than the outer one, but then, it is more impressive and romantic, if it is possible to visit it in the early moring hours in order to enjoy it alone. An excellent calligrapher displays his work in one of the halls. the outer part is in the north and contains numberous halls, pavilions and lakes. In 1853, the Pavilion of Spring in the northeast was the seat of the Xiaodao Hui, the Society of Little Swords, tho led an uprishing against Qing rule and occupied Shanghai for 17 months. Today, weapons and coins made by the Xiaodao Hui society, among other objects, are exhibited in this hall. A man-made, 11-m-high hill bounds the garden in the northwest. Huxin Ting teahouse is a favorite with the citizens of Shanghai. It is in the southwest, outside of the garden grounds, a two-story building resting on posts in the middle of a pond and connected to the shore by a 'Zigzag Bridge' 3.张家界旅游景点介绍 4.马鞍山景点英文介绍 Anhui Tour - Colorful Stones Rock (Caishiji) Anhui Tour - Colorful Stones Rock Rising precipitously beside the rolling Yangtze River seven kilometers southwest of Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, this rock used to be called Bull Islet Rock (Niuzhuji) because a legendary gold bull is said to have appeared here in ancient times. The present name was adopted during the period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280) because the area abounded in colorful stones. The rock occupies a position of strategic importance. Its scenery is dominated by pines, bamboos, and the steep cliffs of Cuiluo Hill. Caishiji is one of the three most famous such rocks along the banks of the Yangtze River, the other two are Chenglingji in Yueyang, and Yanziji in Nanjing. It was here that Li Bai wrote many immortal poems. There are such places of interest as Taibai Tower, the Memorial Hall to Li Bai, and the Tower to Catch the Moon. Add: Caishi Township, Ma'anshan, Anhui Anhui Tour - Tomb of Libai Lying at the foot of Mt. Qingshan southeast of Dangtu County, Ma'anshan, the Tomb of Li Bai (701-762), a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, covers an area of three hectares, in the shade of ancient pines and willow trees. Near the tomb there is a memorial hall named Taibai, which houses stone inscriptions of past dynasties and paintings and calligraphy by distinguished artists. Through the ages, numerous men of letters came to show their respect to Li Bai. Green Snail Hill (Cuiluoshan) This hill, which faces the Yangtze and the Niuzhu rivers seven kilometers southwest of the city, got its name because it is shaped like a snail. The huge Taibai Tower on the hill was dedicated to the memory of the famous Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai (701-762). It is said that after a drinking spree Li Bai plunged into the Yangtze in an attempt to catch the moon, only to drown. The terrace from which he leaped is called Catching the Moon Terrace (Zhuoyuetai). Fishermen fetched his cap and clothes from the river and buried them in a tomb on the hill. 采石风景区以诗人李白为灵魂，以"翠螺出大江"的壮丽景观和锁溪河风光为载体，含翠螺山、荷包山、小九华和采石镇、小黄洲在内的名胜。景区内的太白楼，四角飞翘，斗拱画梁，古色古香，与黄鹤楼、岳阳楼、腾王阁并称为“三楼一阁”。沿石级向上，有联璧台、燃犀亭、三元洞、三台阁、李白衣冠冢等，像一串串珍珠镶篏在翠螺山上下，五彩斑烂，美不胜收。人类和大自然的和谒，在这里得到充分的诠释。希望采纳

活动名称：探寻瑶族发源地—灌阳千家峒（级别2：美景+艰难+技巧）活动时间：五月二日到五月五日（四天）活动目的地：千家峒原始森林活动内容：观赏自然美景、摄影、野外露营、登山、挑战自我千家峒的传说：传说瑶族的始祖盘瓠是一只龙犬，帮助皇帝打败了对手，娶了三公主为妻，来到这里过起了世外桃源的生活。他们生下6男6女，皇上赐姓为：盘沈郑黄李邓周冯赵胡雷蒲。数百年后,这里发展到几千户人家、数万亩良田，生活富足。元朝年代，有人偶然路过这里，当作美事传说，不料竟招来灭顶之灾――官府进山收税。热情好客的瑶民家家轮流做东，款待官员，三年过去了，收税的还没走遍千家峒。官府以为他们被抗税瑶民杀了，进军围剿，血流成河……幸存者不得不逃离家园。临走时，千家峒的族人拿出一只牛角，锯成12节，每姓一节，发誓500年后，要让12节牛角重新接拢，返回千家峒团聚。然而，岁月流逝，历史变迁，千家峒的具体位置已被人淡忘。700年过去了，无数瑶民仍在寻找千家峒……1998年，据武汉大学宫哲兵教授及国家有关部门考证，这块位于都庞山脉广西灌阳县东部、湖南道县西部、江永县西北部的神秘土地就是瑶族同胞的发源地――千家峒。海拔2009米，从地形图上看，掩隐在茫茫原始森林中的千家峒是一个高山环抱的小小盆地；通往千家峒的山路，像高空摄影中的万里长城，绵延曲折，绕了半个灌阳县境。千家峒是一个神秘而又神圣的地方，古迹斑斑，田园犹在。放眼望去，夹在原始森林中的上万亩只长青草不长树木的土地，犹如正在耕种的田园，阡陌纵横，芳草青青，踏进这里，顿时有一种到家的感觉。第一天早上九点在桂林汽车站集中，乘车去灌阳，午餐，采购上山油盐柴米酱醋茶--4天晚餐需要的食品。到达千家峒自然保护区，开始徒步登山，傍晚到达原始森林边缘的最后一户人家，扎营，埋锅造饭，饮山泉吃野餐，艰难行程前的最后Fb。第二天早餐后，赏“牛鼻子出水”瀑布，黄泥江瀑布，开始艰难行程。傍晚扎营黑山漕，晚餐，品尝山村野味--腊肉土鸡野菜第三天早餐，整理装备，全力登顶，穿原始森林，渡道江河，攀古怪冲，抵达千家峒。赏高山草甸，观石山猴群，吃原汁原味都庞岭顶峰韭菜岭的野生韭菜！做一回真正与世隔绝的原始人：）第四天早餐，开始下撤，傍晚回到灌阳县城，腐败一顿以弥补多日的艰苦生活，乘车返回桂林。全程预计AA费用：200元左右/人（四天，多退少补）包含如下：交通费、向导费、森林保护费、山中四天野外晚餐及烧烤食品（如队员需要另请山民挑行装，费用由队员自负，约45元/天）俱乐部收取费用：公共器材费：5元/人/天活动组织费：非会员30元/人/天 会员10元/人/天领队工资： 非会员15元/人/天 会员5元/人/天说明：公共器材费及活动组织费、领队工资为俱乐部收取的经营成本费用。领队的AA费用由全体队员共同分担，原则上8个队员配一个领队个人自带物品：45升以上背包、野外食品8餐、登山鞋及备用鞋、睡袋、保暖衣物、防潮垫、帐篷，防雨服装、手电（建议使用头灯）、水壶（1升以上）、哨子、小刀、替换内外衣袜、个人常用药品、防晒用品、个人卫生用具、娱乐用品、防水袋、蛇药、个人餐具个人如需防潮垫及帐篷、睡袋，可向俱乐部租用，具体价格见装备出租价格单。俱乐部提供：防水天盖、营灯、备用炉具、垃圾袋、医药用品、烧烤用具考虑到山中实际情况，若全部吃自带干粮太过艰苦，准备每日晚餐时埋锅做饭，佐以腊肉土鸡野菜为食，充分补充体能，以便第二天能挑战新的艰苦环境，所以请大家携带好个人餐具。四天时间每日以坡度较大的狭窄山路为主，所以大家可以根据自己体力情况尽量携带轻便实用的物品。众所周知户外探险活动潜藏有不可预见的意外情况发生，请准备参加活动的人员充分了解这一危险性，在决定参加活动前参照自身情况综合考虑清楚。本俱乐部组织的户外活动只是一种自愿性质的AA制活动，并不能保证参加人员不会因突发情况意外受伤，建议个人向保险公司购买相应保险，当发生意外时，保险公司将按不同情况的理赔标准给予赔付，本俱乐部不另外承担赔付责任，但本俱乐部将尽一切努力进行救护与援助。每位队员必须与俱乐部签订自愿参加协议书，才能参加活动。

Iron pagoda 铁塔Xiangguo temple 相国寺大多数都是拼音的其实。中国地名拒绝用英语标识 牵扯到主权问题似乎

这个问题我已经回答过你开封街道上指示牌的铭文标注都是正确的。我们学校外语学院有位教授说 铁塔公园内有很多英文标注是错误的 如果楼主想写论文可以直接去铁塔公园。其他的规模大错误率很低说到详细一点对于名字的英文标识暂且不谈 我们教授说 铁塔公园的介绍，就是一边是汉语一边是英语的几百字的简介错误连篇，一切指引标识也有很大出入

旅游景点的翻译论文参考文献

[1] 王琳. 从旅游产品的特点看青岛旅游产品的开发策略[J]. 科技信息(学术研究), 2007,(01) . [2] 孙梅. 奥帆基地:青岛旅游新坐标[J]. 招商周刊, 2006,(16) . [3] 李鹭. 抓住奥运契机 推动青岛旅游新发展[J]. 现代商贸工业, 2007,(07) . [4] 行怀勇. 青岛市旅游经济优劣分析与对策[J]. 商场现代化, 2008,(09) . [5] 董玉明. 海洋文化与青岛旅游开发[J]. 海岸工程, 2002,(01) . [6] 刘成顺. 青岛旅游:统计有水 市场少鱼[J]. 招商周刊, 2006,(21) . [7] 孙玉敏. 建言青岛旅游[J]. 招商周刊, 2003,(14) . [8] 陈娟. 2008年奥运会与青岛旅游宣传策略[J]. 求实, 2004,(S3) . [9] 李恒光. 认清产业定位,抓住契机,推进青岛旅游经济发展[J]. 青岛职业技术学院学报, 2004,(04) . [10] 野世箴. 青岛旅游资源和发展旅游业浅见[J]. 青岛职业技术学院学报, 1993,(Z1) . [1] 马波, 张瑞清. 对青岛旅游名牌战略的理论思考[J]. 东方论坛, 1997,(03) [2] 孙玲. 谁影响了2007青岛旅游?[J]. 半岛新生活, 2008,(02) [3] 野世箴. 青岛旅游资源和发展旅游业浅见[J]. 青岛职业技术学院学报, 1993,(Z1) [4] 王瑛. 青岛会展旅游发展分析[J]. 甘肃高师学报, 2006,(03) [5] 钱光明. 不只为“齐读”叫好[J]. 教育文汇, 2008,(05) [6] 张广海, 刘佳. 青岛海洋旅游资源开发整合研究[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版), 2006,(01) [7] 孙宏霞. 构筑琅琊文化特色促进青岛旅游可持续发展[J]. 青岛大学师范学院学报, 2004,(02) [8] 田旺军, 赵迁远. 青岛市文博旅游资源分析及其开发思路[J]. 青岛职业技术学院学报, 2006,(02) [9] 奥帆赛让青岛更美丽[J]. 城色, 2008,(06) [10] 辛志娟, Tim Turner. 旅游景区英译亟待规范——以青岛旅游景区翻译为例[J]. 青岛职业技术学院学报, 2006,(02)

] 李淼. 旅游群体规模与旅游体验质量：针对旅游群体成员间互动过程的实证分析[D]. 东北财经大学 , 2005 [2] 李怀兰. 旅游体验效用因素分析[D]. 广西大学 , 2004 [3] 窦清. 论旅游体验[D]. 广西大学 , 2003 [4] 袁凯. 核心—外围格局的演化对我国居民收入的影响[D]. 对外经济贸易大学 , 2005 [5] 邹艳芬. 中国股票价格理论研究[D]. 西安电子科技大学 , 2001 [6] 公学国. 体验旅游产品的开发与经营研究[D]. 山东大学 , 2006 [7] 张颖. 重庆都市旅游目的地品牌营销研究[D]. 重庆师范大学 , 2003 [8] 李国卿. 河北省区域创新能力评价研究[D]. 河北工业大学 , 2005 [9] 谢峥. 农业上市公司企业竞争力的实证研究及提升对策[D]. 四川农业大学 , 2005 [10] 郑聪辉. 旅游景区游客旅游体验影响因素研究[D]. 浙江大学 , 2006

根据我搜集的一些网站来看，建议看看这个，要做毕业论文以及毕业设计的，推荐一个网站 ，里面的毕业设计什么的全是优秀的，因为精挑细选的，网上很少有，都是相当不错的毕业论文和毕业设计，对毕业论文的写作有很大的参考价值，希望对你有所帮助。 别的相关范文很多的，推荐一些比较好的范文写作网站，希望对你有帮助，这些精选的范文网站，里面有大量的范文，也有各种文章写作方法，注意事项，应该有适合你的，自己动手找一下，可不要照搬啊，参考一下，用自己的语言写出来那才是自己的。 如果你不是校园网的话，请在下面的网站找： 毕业论文网： 分类很细 栏目很多 毕业论文： 毕业设计： 开题报告： 实习论文： 写作指导：

景点名称翻译论文开题报告

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

题目定了么，格式给我。

可写 Introduction 或 Background 介绍写论文的目的 或 研究的目标

旅游景区翻译研究论文

如下：仅供参考摘要：探索了生态旅游承载力的内涵，将生态承载力理论应用于生态旅游，建立了环境承载力评估模型，对国家级自然保护区现有景区生态旅游环境承载力进行计算。 Abstract: This paper has probed into the conception of carrying capacity of ecological tourism, and applied this theory into ecological tourism, and established an model for evaluating carrying capacity, and calculated the carrying capacity of ecological tourism in exsiting tourist attractions of national-level nature reserves.关键词：生态旅游；生态承载力；Keywords:Ecological Tourism,Ecological Carrying Capacity

找原版自助游介绍，然后再找中文版的，对照着看和写不会有很大的出入

旅游文本英译中的文化缺省与翻译补偿论文

一、英汉旅游文本的差异

从广义上讲，旅游文本包括一切与旅游相关的文本资料，它主要具有两项功能：一是传递信息，二是施加影响、诱导行动（朱灿灿，2013：12）。换言之，旅游文本作为宣传类文本，不论是中文还是英文，都需要让潜在的游客了解旅游目的地的基本情况、相关服务和特色文化，以达到信息传递和吸引游客的目的。对于游客来说，他们希望通过阅读文本获得游览目的地的信息。但不同文化背景的游客对所提供的信息有不同的需求，这就决定了英汉旅游文本的差异性。主要表现在以下两个方面。

（一）语言风格的差异

东西方在社会历史、文化传统、思维方式和审美情趣等方面截然不同，旅游文本在语言风格上自然要考虑双方读者的感受，采取恰当的表述方式。

汉语旅游材料在表述上注重辞藻、韵律，结合景点的文化历史背景，多采用四字成语以及排比、对偶句式，读起来琅琅上口。其中，对自然景观的介绍，重视优美的写意，或者采用丰富的想象力给景观增添神秘色彩，读起来或诗意盎然或浮想联翩。英文旅游材料重视“人情味儿”，常常会出现诸如“您现在所处的位置……”“最佳观赏时间是……”此类贴心的提示，用词和句法偏口语，简洁朴素，避免啰嗦重复；其在介绍景点具体情况时，通常采用简单叙述法，三言两语道清楚，对景点介绍追求客观、中肯，达到信息传递的目的即可。

除此之外，中西方人民对待宣传材料的态度也是决定其内容的`因素之一。不难发现，英语旅游文本突出信息的客观性，汉语旅游文本在撰写时加入主观色彩，呼吁性极强。

（二）信息容量的差异

中国经典故事层出不穷，许多历史人物、历史事件对中国人来说耳熟能详，但是外国游客并不一定了解。我国的旅游景点，不论是自然景观还是人文景观，大多与神话传说、历史故事和社会风俗有关，借用古文，引经据典，中国游客固然能轻而易举地理解其中奥妙，但是外国游客可能会因为错综复杂的人名、地名、朝代等因素而感觉晦涩难懂，降低他们旅游的积极性。

所以，英汉旅游文本并不一定包含相同的信息内容。旅游材料在英译的过程中，译者有必要在尊重原文的基础上，适当修改，对其中特殊的内容进行特殊的翻译。

二、文化缺省

中国历史悠久，幅员辽阔，数不胜数的自然景观和人文景观承载了深厚的历史文化气息。旅游文本和文化紧密相关，在翻译过程中，文化信息的转换往往会因为中国人自身的文化背景而忽略了外国游客的认知。这就是文化缺省现象。它是指同一文化背景的人在交流中对双方共有的文化背景知识的忽略，这种现象是跨语言交际的一大障碍。在翻译旅游文本时，由于源语读者和目标语读者生活在不同的社会文化环境中，具有不相同的文化背景知识，因此，对原文读者来说是显而易见的文化背景知识，对于目标语读者就构成了文化缺省成分（王大来，2004：69）。汉英文本之间可能会存在大量的文化缺省因素，可归类为：历史景点和历史人物、传统概念和信仰、社会风俗和文学作品。这些缺省内容可能导致翻译文本缺失民族特点，损害旅游景点的形象，切断文化的关联意义，影响汉语旅游资料信息的传递和潜在游客的兴趣（张富庄，2013：6）。

鉴于目标语读者文化背景知识的差异性，以及英汉旅游文本本身的差异性，如果译者不针对文化缺省现象进行翻译补偿，游客就不能完全理解原意，将无法达到旅游文本预期的目标。所以，译者在对旅游文本进行翻译时，要充分挖掘文本内文化缺省现象的深层含义，以采取相应的翻译补偿策略。

三、翻译补偿策略

针对英汉旅游文本的差异性以及东西方文化背景下读者的理解差异，翻译补偿策略是解决文化缺省现象的理想方法。Newmark认为，补偿是翻译的一种手法，补偿主要是用来弥补译文在语义、声音效果、修辞及语用效果等方面的缺省，而且译文可以在不同于原文的语句中再现这种效果。在英译旅游文本时，译者通过运用多种补偿策略将缺省的背景知识恰当地传递给译语读者，同时又可以保持原文的真实性。通过分析江西省的几处景点和文化人物简介的英译文本，得出具体策略如下：

归化法

文化在输入时，应该倾向于归化，以保护本族文化的纯洁性；但文化的输出应该倾向于异化，以促使本族文化的外介，扩大本族文化的影响（李建军，2012：107）。英译旅游文本，属于文化的输出，在翻译具有中国特色的词汇和社会风俗上，应该在简单易懂的基础上积极采取归化法。例如：

（1）江西历史悠久，有着深厚的文化积淀，加上地处南方，处处山清水秀，是一个典型的“鱼米之乡”。

译文：Jiangxi，the province with a long history and profound culture；it is located in the south of China with picturesque scenery。Thus it has been aptly termed：“the land of rice and fish”。

该例句中的“鱼米之乡”直接将“鱼米”等文化意象移植到了目[文秘站－您的专属秘书！]的语文本中。实际上，在英语表达中，“a land of honey and milk”同样具有“鱼米之乡”的意思。但为了更好地传播源语文化，“the land of rice and fish”更能真实地反映中国文化，更有利于外国游客体会到中国文化的奇特之处。随着跨文化交流的进一步发展，越来越多的外国游客会理解并接受中国文化。

（2）龙虎山，位于江西鹰潭，道教发源地，中国道教四大名山之一。

Summary:Investigated the content of the ecosystem tour loading dint, load ecosystem dint theories to apply to travel in the ecosystem, built up environment a loading dint valuation model, to national nature reserve area existing view area ecosystem tour environment loading the dint carry on a tour;The ecosystem loads dint 要选我哦！？；来了；

旅游英语翻译论文英语文献

Travel A succession of beautiful scenery makes one feel delighted. A long stay in the same surroundings to make everything the same. Routine work often makes one feel bored But if you take a trip or a long journey on your holidays to some scenic spots or historic sites, that will make great difference. Travel can widen one’s knowledge. The farther you go, the more you will learn about different politics, economics, customs as well as geography. If you travel the whole world some day, you will fully understand the globe on which we live. However, too much travel causes tiredness. You get on a bus or a taxi, you travel on the train or in a plane, being patient with the hours needed on your mute from one place to another, that will make you exhausted after a while. 旅游 看不完的美景使人感到愉快。长期呆在一个地方令人乏味。日常工作常使人感到厌倦。假如你在假期中去名胜古迹旅游，情况就不同了。 旅游可以增长人们的知识。你走得越远，你就会学到不同的政治、经济、风俗和地理知识。如果有朝一日你周游世界，你就会完全懂得我们所生活的这个地球。 然而，过多的旅游会使人感到疲劳。不管你乘坐公共汽车或出租车，还是乘坐火车或飞机从一个地方到另一个地方，你得耐心的坐着熬时间，这很快就会使你疲劳。 Travel "People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possibly have. Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money walking while seeing sights often tires you. In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If you finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and thing that you will probably grow to like and love. "有些人喜欢旅行旅行有他们的原因的."他们主张, 旅行可能帮助他们扩展他们的范围知识, 特别地理和历史学会。他们指出, 游览为他们将提供更多机会享用食物和尝试他们无法可能否则有的衣裳。那些烦恶旅行有他们的原因。他们会争辩说, 旅行意味可观的相当数量金钱和能量。例如, 交通和适应要求金钱走当看见看见经常疲倦您。实践上, 旅行做好比害处。如果您提供经费和健康许可证, 您不妨做一些时常旅行。它至少将使您得到熟悉您大概将学会成长和爱. I Love Traveling I like travel very much. I often go to travel. It meets a lot of people when traveling. It can touch not only the person but also the region. Therefore, it comes to want to go even times how many. I was traveling and all the people met had a very warm mind. It was very kind. There is a person who taught variety of land, too. I do not think meeting with two another degrees in the person. However, I do not think that I forget. Because, The reason is that there are a lot of very good memories. Therefore, travel is not stopped. It went to not only the country but also foreign countries. The communication of the intention can have been done with the person in the country though the word did not run well. However, I thought that the handicap of the word was large. I thought it was good if the word could be understood more many times. Therefore, I think that I should study the language study more. It can meet the one different according to the land when traveling. The tourist spot is, and there is a lot of one not so either. There are a lot of very good points of the place taught to the person in local. Therefore, it is always made to speak. I have not traveled still alone. I want to go out to travel alone sometimes. How about you? Traveling with someone is also good. However, I yearn to the solitary journey very much. It is not, and yearns for the destination to free travel. I want to go out to unrestrained travel some time. Finally, I yearn to the solitary journey. However, I do not hate tour travel. I think that there is a merit also in the tour. I think that traveling with the person who does not know also has the enjoyment. However, I like independent tour more. Which do you like? 我非常喜欢旅行。我经常去旅行。它遇见很多人民当旅行。它可能接触不仅人而且区域。所以, 它来想要是均匀时期多少。我旅行并且所有人民遇见有一个非常温暖的头脑。它是非常亲切的。有教土地品种的人, 也是。我不认为会议以二其它度在人。但是, 我不认为, 我忘记。由于, 原因是有很多非常好记忆。所以, 旅行不被停止。它去不仅国家而且外国。意图的通信可能完成与人在国家虽然词很好没有运行。但是, 我认为, 词的障碍是大的。我认为它是好的如果词能被了解更多许多时期。所以, 我认为, 我应该学习语言研究更。它可能遇见那个不同根据土地当旅行。旅游胜地是, 并且有很多一个不那么或者。有地方的很多非常好观点被教对人在本机。所以, 它总被做讲话。我单独仍然未旅行。我想要出去有时单独旅行。您怎么样? 旅行与某人是还好的。但是, 我非常盼望对孤零零旅途。它不是, 和盼望目的地释放旅行。我想要出去对无限制的旅行某个时候。终于, 我盼望对孤零零旅途。但是, 我不恨游览旅行。我认为, 有并且优点在游览。我认为那旅行与并且不知道有享受的人。但是,我喜欢独立游览更。哪些您喜欢? Travel to the forest Have you ever been fed up with the boring life in the city? Should you be tired of the crowded roads and endless noises, you might want to have a glimpse of the primary forest with me. As soon as you open the mysterious door of the forest, you may ask,“ Have I entered the palace or the paradise?” The breath-taking scenery makes you forget everything but exploring what the forest has to offer. With tens of thousands of trees surrounding you, straight or winding, tall or short , you feel like floating on the ocean of green. All kinds of fragrant flowers lie peaceful and shy under the leaves. Take a close look at them , and you can even see the fresh drops of water ,which makes the flowers look like beautiful girls who have just had a bath. The most enjoyable thing is to feel the thick fog among the whole forest, which makes the view of the living creatures disappear at times. When the sun comes up, the fog rises at once .The dreaming image is then replaced by the lively scene. A wide variety of birds are singing happily in the trees. Lots of little animals are running busily across the paths. Wander in the forest, you will have the feeling of returning to nature. Well, in addition to enjoying the scenery on the ground, keep an eye out for the sky! The clear blue with pure white will give your eyes a feast . 旅行对森林您曾经厌烦乏味生活在城市吗? 如果您对拥挤路和不尽的噪声会是疲乏, 您也许想要有原始森林的瞥见与我。当您打开森林的神奇门, 您可以要求, "有我进入了宫殿或天堂?" 惊人的风景牌子您忘记一切但探索什么森林必须提供。用成千上万棵树围拢您, 直接或包缠, 高或短, 您感觉象漂浮在绿色海洋。各种各样的芬芳花谎言平安和害羞在叶子之下。采取仔细的审视在他们, 并且您能甚而看水新滴, 做花看起来象美丽的女孩有浴。最令人愉快的事是感觉厚实的雾在整个森林之中, 做景色的生存生物时常消失。当太阳过来, 雾上升The 作图象由活泼的场面然后立即替换。各种各样的鸟愉快地唱歌在树。许多小的动物繁忙地运行横跨道路。漫步在森林里, 您将有返回的感觉到自然。很好, 除享受风景之外在地面, 保留一只眼睛为天空! 清楚的蓝色以纯净的白色将给您的眼睛一个宴餐。 Train Travel Air Travel Air travel has two advantages over train travel. First, it can save much can fly from Beijing to Guangzhou jusi in two hours, but by train, we have to spend 24 hours or more. Second, air travel is more comfortable, because the plane flies so smoot qly that we can rest well during the trip, while the train is crowded sometimes and passengers have to sit for a long time, which makes them tired. But train travel also has its advantages. For example, traveling by train costs only 250 yuan while traveling by air will cost 900 this, outside of the train’s windows, we can enjoy the views of many big cities, such as Zhengzhou, Wuhan,ad Changsha. So I think different people like different ways of traveling. 坐火车旅行还是乘飞机旅行 乘飞机旅行比坐火车旅行有两大优点。第一，可以节约时间。从北京到广州乘飞机只用两个小时，而坐火车需要二十四个小时甚至更多。第二，乘飞机更舒适。飞机飞得很平稳，我们可以休息得很好；而火车有时很拥挤，而且要坐好长时间，容易疲劳。但是坐火车旅行也有它的优点。例如，坐火车旅行只花250元而乘飞机则需900元。除此之外，透过火车的窗口，我们可以欣赏郑州、武汉和长沙等大城市的风光。

买张cnki卡，可以下载所有的中文学术论文在里面查：旅游学可以得到大量你想要的可以得到足够充分的来龙去脉根据这些中文论文的英文参考文献，你可以到google上立即找到所要的

活动名称：探寻瑶族发源地—灌阳千家峒（级别2：美景+艰难+技巧）活动时间：五月二日到五月五日（四天）活动目的地：千家峒原始森林活动内容：观赏自然美景、摄影、野外露营、登山、挑战自我千家峒的传说：传说瑶族的始祖盘瓠是一只龙犬，帮助皇帝打败了对手，娶了三公主为妻，来到这里过起了世外桃源的生活。他们生下6男6女，皇上赐姓为：盘沈郑黄李邓周冯赵胡雷蒲。数百年后,这里发展到几千户人家、数万亩良田，生活富足。元朝年代，有人偶然路过这里，当作美事传说，不料竟招来灭顶之灾――官府进山收税。热情好客的瑶民家家轮流做东，款待官员，三年过去了，收税的还没走遍千家峒。官府以为他们被抗税瑶民杀了，进军围剿，血流成河……幸存者不得不逃离家园。临走时，千家峒的族人拿出一只牛角，锯成12节，每姓一节，发誓500年后，要让12节牛角重新接拢，返回千家峒团聚。然而，岁月流逝，历史变迁，千家峒的具体位置已被人淡忘。700年过去了，无数瑶民仍在寻找千家峒……1998年，据武汉大学宫哲兵教授及国家有关部门考证，这块位于都庞山脉广西灌阳县东部、湖南道县西部、江永县西北部的神秘土地就是瑶族同胞的发源地――千家峒。海拔2009米，从地形图上看，掩隐在茫茫原始森林中的千家峒是一个高山环抱的小小盆地；通往千家峒的山路，像高空摄影中的万里长城，绵延曲折，绕了半个灌阳县境。千家峒是一个神秘而又神圣的地方，古迹斑斑，田园犹在。放眼望去，夹在原始森林中的上万亩只长青草不长树木的土地，犹如正在耕种的田园，阡陌纵横，芳草青青，踏进这里，顿时有一种到家的感觉。第一天早上九点在桂林汽车站集中，乘车去灌阳，午餐，采购上山油盐柴米酱醋茶--4天晚餐需要的食品。到达千家峒自然保护区，开始徒步登山，傍晚到达原始森林边缘的最后一户人家，扎营，埋锅造饭，饮山泉吃野餐，艰难行程前的最后Fb。第二天早餐后，赏“牛鼻子出水”瀑布，黄泥江瀑布，开始艰难行程。傍晚扎营黑山漕，晚餐，品尝山村野味--腊肉土鸡野菜第三天早餐，整理装备，全力登顶，穿原始森林，渡道江河，攀古怪冲，抵达千家峒。赏高山草甸，观石山猴群，吃原汁原味都庞岭顶峰韭菜岭的野生韭菜！做一回真正与世隔绝的原始人：）第四天早餐，开始下撤，傍晚回到灌阳县城，腐败一顿以弥补多日的艰苦生活，乘车返回桂林。全程预计AA费用：200元左右/人（四天，多退少补）包含如下：交通费、向导费、森林保护费、山中四天野外晚餐及烧烤食品（如队员需要另请山民挑行装，费用由队员自负，约45元/天）俱乐部收取费用：公共器材费：5元/人/天活动组织费：非会员30元/人/天 会员10元/人/天领队工资： 非会员15元/人/天 会员5元/人/天说明：公共器材费及活动组织费、领队工资为俱乐部收取的经营成本费用。领队的AA费用由全体队员共同分担，原则上8个队员配一个领队个人自带物品：45升以上背包、野外食品8餐、登山鞋及备用鞋、睡袋、保暖衣物、防潮垫、帐篷，防雨服装、手电（建议使用头灯）、水壶（1升以上）、哨子、小刀、替换内外衣袜、个人常用药品、防晒用品、个人卫生用具、娱乐用品、防水袋、蛇药、个人餐具个人如需防潮垫及帐篷、睡袋，可向俱乐部租用，具体价格见装备出租价格单。俱乐部提供：防水天盖、营灯、备用炉具、垃圾袋、医药用品、烧烤用具考虑到山中实际情况，若全部吃自带干粮太过艰苦，准备每日晚餐时埋锅做饭，佐以腊肉土鸡野菜为食，充分补充体能，以便第二天能挑战新的艰苦环境，所以请大家携带好个人餐具。四天时间每日以坡度较大的狭窄山路为主，所以大家可以根据自己体力情况尽量携带轻便实用的物品。众所周知户外探险活动潜藏有不可预见的意外情况发生，请准备参加活动的人员充分了解这一危险性，在决定参加活动前参照自身情况综合考虑清楚。本俱乐部组织的户外活动只是一种自愿性质的AA制活动，并不能保证参加人员不会因突发情况意外受伤，建议个人向保险公司购买相应保险，当发生意外时，保险公司将按不同情况的理赔标准给予赔付，本俱乐部不另外承担赔付责任，但本俱乐部将尽一切努力进行救护与援助。每位队员必须与俱乐部签订自愿参加协议书，才能参加活动。

我教你一个办法吧1.到网上找篇中文的旅游论文，当然，你自己写一篇更好2.下载安装金山快译，然后将你的中文论文进行软件翻译3.找个本校英语专业的高手帮你校正软件翻译中的错误注：以前我的论文就是这样搞完滴补充：如果有铁哥们是英文专业滴那你就享福了！这里给你一篇中文滴