英语谚语论文参考文献

发布时间：2024-07-03 03:09:10

英语谚语论文参考文献

谚语英语作文写作模板

英语作文写作常用励志英语谚语，那么谚语的英语作文要怎么写呢?以下是我整理的谚语英语作文写作的模板和范文，欢迎大家参考阅读!

【谚语类作文模板】

(一)常用开头模板

1. Have you ever thought of the famous proverb...?

你有没有想……这个谚语?

2. To me, it is meaningful and significant in three respects.

对于我来说，在这三个方面它看起来很意味深长并且意义重大。

3. When we talk of the famous proverb...

当我们讨论这个有名谚语的时候……

4. We should not simply label it as right or wrong, but explore it in depth.

我们不能只是看表面来说明它是对是错，而是应该更深刻的去体味它。

5. The well-known proverb …has long been accepted by all of us.

这个众所周知的谚语……已经被我们所流传和受用。

6. As the proverb says...

正如……(谚语)所说。

(二) 常用主题内容模板

1. In the first place,…In the second place, ".Finally."

第一……，第二……，第三…… ‘.

2. This proverb is especially true under several situations. First,

"•Second，".Third，...

这则谚语在很多情境下都是正确的。第一……，第二……，第三……

3. Let’s take …as an example.

让我们以……为例。

4. A case in point is…

一个例子为……

5. Nevertheless, there are some exceptions…

然而，还有很多例外……

(三) 常用结尾模板

1. We can learn a lot from this proverb and put it into practice-.• we should …

我们从中学到了很多并且应该应用到实践中去……我们应该

2. In a word, we can draw the conclusion that...

总之我们得到结论是……

3. In certain circumstances, ... is the right choice

在特定的`条件下，……是正确的选择。

4. Judging from the examples given above，we may safely

come to the conclusion that."

从以上的例子来看，我们可以得出……

【范文模板】

It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also

in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as

follows. ( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance

to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an

increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use

to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying,

the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

【范文示例】

A famous saying goes “Haste makes waste”, which means that one should do everything step by step. Even simple operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them, neglecting important stages in the process. One should make full preparations before beginning any task.

Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. The best illustration might be English study. Without a good command of pronunciation, we can never hope to speak in an understandable way. Similarly, if we do not learn to spell properly and to acquire a basic grasp of grammar, we will never succeed in writing good compositions.

(或Actually, history abounds with examples of haste making waste. A well-known Chinese fable goes that a farm tried to help the shoots grow by pulling them upward, only to find that they died soon. Another case in point is the so-called Great Leap Forward movement in China in 1950’s and 1960’s. At that time, the Chinese people were so eager to develop their economy that they took some improper measures, only to hinder the expansion of economy.)

(或Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than the experience of my own. At the age of 11 or 12, I began to learn to ride. Eager to ride as well as others, I started by sitting on the saddle at the very beginning. Predictably, I often fell from over the bike. Lots of time had been wasted before I realized that I should do it step by step. I tried to slide by standing on one pedal. Then I began to ride the bike from under the cross bar. Finally, I succeeded. )

In short, laying a solid foundation is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our lives. At every step, review what has been achieved and assess the problems ahead before moving to the next step. And remember, Rome was not built in a day.

一九二九莫伸手，三九四九冰上走朝霞不出门，晚霞行千里会插不会插，瞅你两只脚买种百斤，不如留种一斤七月秋，里里外外施到抽一季草，两季稻，草好稻好夏至后压，一担苗，一担薯会种种一丘，不会种种千丘花草田种白稻，丘丘有谷挑千处粪田，不如一处来粪秧立秋前早一天种，早一天收破粪缸，不用甩，壅田多餐饭种田不施肥，你它，它你荞不见霜不老，麦不吃风不黄要想多打粮，包谷绿豆种两样种种甘薯种种稻，产量年年高头麻见秧，二麻见糠，三麻见霜春插时，夏插刻，春争日，夏争时谷雨前后，种瓜点豆立了秋，麦不收今冬麦盖三层被，来年枕着馒头睡麦子不怕草，就怕坷垃咬春雷响，万物长。春雨贵似油，多下农民愁。立春三场雨，遍地都米。春雨漫了垅，麦子豌豆丢了种。雨洒清明节，麦子豌豆满地结。麦怕清明连夜雨。夏雨稻命，春雨麦病。三月雨，贵似油；四月雨，好动锄。春天三场雨，秋后不缺米。清明前后一场雨，豌豆麦子中了举。有钱难买五月旱，六月连阴吃饱饭。春得一犁雨，秋收万担粮。六月下连阴，遍地出黄金。春雨满街流，收麦累死牛。黑夜下雨白天晴，打的粮食没处盛。一阵太阳一阵雨，栽下黄秧吃白米。伏里无雨，谷里无米；伏里雨多，谷里米多。三伏要把透雨下，丘丘谷子压弯桠。伏里一天一暴，坐在家里收稻。秋禾夜雨强似粪，一场夜雨一场肥。立了秋，那里下雨那里收。立秋下雨万物收，处暑下雨万物丢。处暑里的雨，谷仓里的米。处暑下雨烂谷箩。

通常有两大类，常见格式如下：1、 ……, one of the renowned writers in …, once said that …… According to …, one of the renowned writers in …, ……. According to Francis Bacon, a renowned British writer and philosopher, "Money is a good servant and a bad master."2、There goes a saying that …. As a saying goes, …. As a proverb says, …. There goes a saying that he knows most who speaks least. As a proverb says, he laughs best who laughs last.备注：第一类最为正式，有名有姓还可说明其身份或主业所在，常见于引用当下或当代的名人；第二类适用于古代的尤其是记不住名字的名人，更常见于引用谚语、公理或俗语。

美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式，论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节。既要注意引述与论文的有机统一，即其逻辑性，又要注意引述格式（即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。具体如下：1、若引文不足三行，则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。2、被引述的文字如果超过三行，则应将引文与论文文字分开。这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格，即应从第十一格打起。二是引文不需加引号，末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。如需在引文中插注，对某些词语加以解释，则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。3、如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除，则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点，如出现在引文末，则用四个点，最后一点表示句号，置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来，应避免在引文开头使用省略号)。点与字母之间，或点与点之间都需空一格。4、若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。5、如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。

中英谚语对比论文参考文献

中英文谚语的相同点1、流传于民间。例如：活到老，学到老，一生一世学不了；只要功夫深，铁棒磨成针。2、通俗易懂而含义深刻。例如：天下乌鸦一般黑；春送千担粪，秋收万斤粮。3、口头用语。往往同一个谚语有多种说法。例如：合成一个诸葛亮。凑成一个诸葛亮三个臭皮匠凑个诸葛亮顶个诸葛亮。赛过诸葛亮。

1. A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart.做贼心虚。2. Accidents will happen.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。3. A clear conscience is a sure card.为人不做亏心事，半夜不怕鬼敲门。4. A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水。5. All your swans are geese.事与愿违。6. As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.自食其果。7. A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐。8. Count one's chickens before they are hatched.盲目乐观。9. Danger is next neighbor to security.塞翁失马，安知非福？10. Do in Rome as Romans do.入乡随俗。11. Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.顺其自然。12. Everybody's business is nobody's business.三个和尚无水吃。13. Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。14. He knows most who speaks least./Still water runs deep.大智若愚。15. Late fruit keeps well.大器晚成。16. Many kiss the baby by the name of the nurse's sake.醉翁之意不在酒。17. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises.祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。18. Names are debts.树大招风。19. Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。20. Rest breeds rust.生命在于运动。21. Rome was not built in a day.冰冻三尺非一日之寒。22. Save your breath to cool your porridge.各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。23. Short pleasure, long lament.一失足成千古恨。24. Stick together through thick and thin.患难与共。25. Take things as they come.既来之则安之。26. The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑一百步。27. The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。28. Things done cannot be undone.木已成舟。/覆水难收。29. True blue will never stain.真金不怕火炼。30. You cannot make a crab walk straight.江山易移，本性难改。只看不练假把式，下面的谚语究竟是什么意思呢？Common fame is a moon is not seen when the sun . A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart.做贼心虚。2. Accidents will happen.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。3. A clear conscience is a sure card.为人不做亏心事，半夜不怕鬼敲门。4. A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水。5. All your swans are geese.事与愿违。6. As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.自食其果。7. A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐。8. Count one's chickens before they are hatched.盲目乐观。9. Danger is next neighbor to security.塞翁失马，安知非福？10. Do in Rome as Romans do.入乡随俗。11. Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.顺其自然。12. Everybody's business is nobody's business.三个和尚无水吃。13. Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。14. He knows most who speaks least./Still water runs deep.大智若愚。15. Late fruit keeps well.大器晚成。16. Many kiss the baby by the name of the nurse's sake.醉翁之意不在酒。17. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises.祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。18. Names are debts.树大招风。19. Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。20. Rest breeds rust.生命在于运动。21. Rome was not built in a day.冰冻三尺非一日之寒。22. Save your breath to cool your porridge.各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。23. Short pleasure, long lament.一失足成千古恨。24. Stick together through thick and thin.患难与共。25. Take things as they come.既来之则安之。26. The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑一百步。27. The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。28. Things done cannot be undone.木已成舟。/覆水难收。29. True blue will never stain.真金不怕火炼。30. You cannot make a crab walk straight.江山易移，本性难改。只看不练假把式，下面的谚语究竟是什么意思呢？Common fame is a moon is not seen when the sun . A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart.做贼心虚。2. Accidents will happen.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。3. A clear conscience is a sure card.为人不做亏心事，半夜不怕鬼敲门。4. A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水。5. All your swans are geese.事与愿违。6. As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.自食其果。7. A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐。8. Count one's chickens before they are hatched.盲目乐观。9. Danger is next neighbor to security.塞翁失马，安知非福？10. Do in Rome as Romans do.入乡随俗。11. Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.顺其自然。12. Everybody's business is nobody's business.三个和尚无水吃。13. Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。14. He knows most who speaks least./Still water runs deep.大智若愚。15. Late fruit keeps well.大器晚成。16. Many kiss the baby by the name of the nurse's sake.醉翁之意不在酒。17. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises.祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。18. Names are debts.树大招风。19. Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。20. Rest breeds rust.生命在于运动。21. Rome was not built in a day.冰冻三尺非一日之寒。22. Save your breath to cool your porridge.各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。23. Short pleasure, long lament.一失足成千古恨。24. Stick together through thick and thin.患难与共。25. Take things as they come.既来之则安之。26. The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑一百步。27. The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。28. Things done cannot be undone.木已成舟。/覆水难收。29. True blue will never stain.真金不怕火炼。30. You cannot make a crab walk straight.江山易移，本性难改。只看不练假把式，下面的谚语究竟是什么意思呢？Common fame is a moon is not seen when the sun shines. Ⅰ.beat the dog before the lion.杀鸡给猴看Ⅲ.survival of the fittest.适者生存 Ⅳ.borrow trouble.杞人忧天，自找麻烦 Ⅴ.a watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐 Ⅵ.retort insult for insult.以牙还牙 Ⅶ.burn dayligt.白日点灯，徒劳无益 Ⅷ.burn one's boats.破釜沉舟，背水布阵 Ⅸ.burn oneself out.筋疲力尽 makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 friend indeed is known by sharing hardships. 患难是朋友的试金石。 living and high thinking. 生活要朴素，情操要高尚。 is done by night appears by day. 若要人不知，除非己莫为。 without knowledge is fire without light. 热情而无知，犹如无光之火。 never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。 in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 what you owe,and you'll know what's your own. 付清你所欠下的债，方知什么是属于自己的。 life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人若无友，犹如只有生命没有太阳。 good friend is my nearest relation. 好友如近亲。 hedge between keeps friendship green. 淡交使友谊长青。（君子之交淡如水） are not friends that speak us fair. 说我们好话的未必全是朋友。 an open enemy than a false friend. 虚伪的朋友比公开的朋友更可怕。 (be) alone than in bad company. 宁可独处，勿交坏友。 never notices what has been done;one can only see what remains to be done. ——Marie Curie 切不要注意已经做了哪些，而只能去考虑还有哪些有待去做。——居里夫人 aim for achievement and forget about success.——Helen Hayes 永远要争取去做出成就，别去多考虑成功。——海伦 makes the heart grow fonder. 久别情深。 speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 will happen in the best regulated families. 家规再严，事端难免。 good things must come to an end. 天下没有不散的宴席（好景不长）。 shall be well,and Jack shall have jill. 有情人终成眷属。 that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。 things are difficult before they are easy. 万事开头难。 prepare for a rainy day. 未雨绸缪。 you sow,so shall you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 have ears. 隔墙有耳。 not,want not. 不浪费，不愁缺。 is done cannot be undone. 生米已成熟饭／木已成舟。 there's a will,there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 there's smoke,there's fire. 无风不起浪。 attracts（或 draws）like. 意思是：相同的人吸引相同的人。 (like 指 similar people）这与另一句谬语「Birds of a feather flock together.」（相同羽毛的鸟在一起）意义相似。（a=same）也就是咱们常说的「物以类聚」或「同声相应，同气相求」。 2.(Too much) familiarity breeds contempt. 意思是说：相处过於亲密，就会产生侮慢之心（不尊重）（即 low opinion）（breed = create）这句话又与另一句俗语「Too thick does not stick.」（太稠或太浓反而黏不住）意思相近。也就是说：「closeness brings disagreement.」（亲不敬，熟生蔑）; 就是劝人：「君子之交淡如水」或「保持距离，以策安全」。 bitten（或 bit），twice shy. 就是说：一次被咬，下次胆小。或是一次上当，下次小心。（shy = avoid）动词时态：bite, bit, bitten（或 bit）这又与另一句俗语「A burnt child fears（或dreads）the fire.」（被灼伤的小孩怕火）相似。说白些，就是： When you have bad experience, you don't want to have the same experience again. 这不就是「一朝被蛇咬，见绳也心惊」或「一日被蛇咬，十年怕草绳」吗？ stitch in time save nine. 意思是：「一针及时省九针」。也是「一针不补，十针难缝」或「小洞不补，大洞叫苦」的味道。这句警语与「An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.」（一分的预防，胜於十分的治疗）意义相近。此外，还有：「Don't wait for a rainy day to fix the roof.（不要等到下雨时才去修补屋顶）; 或「Always prepare for a rainy day.」或「Prepare for the worst and hope for the best.」（做最坏的打算和最好的希望）这些警语，说的都是「未雨绸缪」。 habits die hard. 意思是说：改掉老习惯很不容易。「It is difficult to break an old habit.」这与另一句谚语：「You can not teach an old dog new tricks.」（你不能教老狗新把戏）。这就是所谓「江山易改，本性难移」。 makes the heart grow fonder. 意思是：一个人不在时，使人内心更想念。「When a person is absent, we may think of him／her more often.」与「久别情深」、「眼不见，心更念」、「人去情渐深」，或是「一日不见如隔三秋」的意味相近。 penny saved is a penny earned. 据说这是Ben Franklin 的引语。照字面意义是：能存一分钱，就是赚了一分钱。后来有人改口说： Take care of your pennies（=pence）and the pounds (=dollars）will take care of themselves. 说白些，就是： If you save small amount of money, you will eventually have a large sum of money. 就是中国人所谓「积少成多，集腋成裘」。（这句话也可指小事谨慎，大事自成。） in Rome, do as the Romans do.意思是说：当在罗马时，就照罗马人的（生活）方式去做。所以有人也改口说： When in America, do as the Americans do. 就是「入国问禁，入乡随俗。」 is done cannot be undone.意思是：做过的事，不能再还原。（动词时态：undo, undid, undone）。这与另一句谚语「Don't cry over spilt milk.」或「It is no use crying over spilt milk.」意义相似。也就是说：What is done is done或What has taken place, nothing can be done about it.（take place=happen）就是「覆水难收」、「往者已矣」。 't（或Never）cross a bridge till（或until）you come to it. 照字面的意义是：不等到桥边，就不必过桥。也有人说：We have to go across the bridge when we come to it. （it 指桥；bridge也指问题或困难），换句话说：不必为将来顾虑太多「Don't worry too much in advance.」劝人当问题出现时再设法解决不迟。「You have to face the problem or difficulty when the time comes.」这与所谓「船到桥头自然直」，颇有相似之处。

汉语言文化差异的对比一、英汉语句差异 (一 )英汉词汇现象对比 1 .意义差异“ 英语是综合型语言 ,词化程度相当高 ,即在英语词汇中存在大量分析型语言 (如汉语要用一个短语甚至一个句子才能表达单个词 )。 ” [ 2 ]译者熟练掌握英语的这种特点 ,就可以使译文简洁。英语中有不少单个动词隐含着“make +宾语 +补语 ” 的意思 ,“v . + adv” ,“v . + like” “v .+with” 这些复杂的意思。英语一个动词 ,汉语要用一个短语词组来表达。如果在汉译英中正确运用这种动词 ,就简洁多了。由于名词尤其是抽象名词大都是从动词或形容词派生来的 ,而很多动词或形容词都有自己习惯的主语或并与之搭配 , 因此单个抽象名词隐含一个主谓或动宾结构的内容。 2 .词类差异 “ 英汉语言的最大差异之一便是体现在动词的运用上 ” [ 3 ]。汉语动词灵活多变 ,表现力极强。沈家煊认为 ,汉语在句法上遵循时间顺序的相似原则 ,这是因为汉语缺乏形态变化而采用直接映照的方法。 [ 4 ]汉语句序体现认知次序 ,多述谓成分线性排列。因此“ 汉语中动词使用频率远比英语为高。 ” [ 5 ] 在表达一些复杂的思想时 ,汉语往往借助动词 ,按时间顺序逐步交待、层层铺开 ,给人以舒缓明快的感觉。从使用方法上来看 ,汉语动词的连用和叠用非常普遍 ,而在英语中习惯用非谓语动词形式。例如:他出去迎接妈妈。He went out t o meet hismother . (汉语后一个动词在英语中变成不定式 )英语句子中 ,主要采用主谓结构。由于句中的谓语动词受动词形态变化的约束 ,句子中一般只能有一个谓语 ,它是句子的轴心。然后借用名词来表达 ,而名词之间则使用介词加以串通。所以英语中名词与介词等词类占优势。下例中英语中的名词、介词等只能译成相应的汉语动词:He cried at the news . 听到这个消息他哭了。此外还有搭配方面的差异等。 (二 ) 英汉句法现象对比 1 .句型差异英语表达常呈“ 浓缩性现象 ” ,汉语表达常呈“ 展开性现象 ” 。 “ 由于英民族常取‘浓缩型 ’ 的思维方式 ,喜欢将众多的信息靠多种手段集中于一个单位加以思考 ,因而表达时往往倾向于取较低的句法单位。 ” “ 而汉民族往往更趋向于把问题层层铺开 ,用节节短句逐点交代。 ” [ 6 ]因此 ,英语多用长句 ,而汉语中短句占优势。例如:We have achieved an extraordinary technol ogical capabil2ity which enables us t o seek out uni maginably distant civiliza2ti on even if they are no more advanced than me . (我们已经具备了一种非凡的技术能力 ,这种技术能力使我们搜索到无比遥远的文明世界 ,即使他们和我们一样不先进。 )英语表达复杂的意思时 ,偏爱借助连接词 (如上句中的 which、 even if )用长句连贯地加以表达。而汉语言则相反 ,侧重于用短句。如上例中 ,把一个长句分解成三个短句 ,使整个句子节奏分明 ,脉络清楚 ,正所谓“ 大珠小珠落玉盘 ” 。因此长句和短句的习惯差异在我们平时的翻译中要加以注意。 2 . 英汉句序差异英语和汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序不完全相同。彭宣维统计表明 ,在主从关系上 ,英语中的因果、条件、假设以及时间状语从句的位置比较灵活 ,“ 在这一点上比汉语的表达手段多出近一倍。 ” [ 7 ]但是 ,“ 复合结构中从句在前 ,主句在后仍是汉语复合句的典型顺序。 ” [ 8 ]为此 ,彭宣维对汉语的主从复合句 (包括时间、方式、条件、原因等 )的分布进行了统计 ,结果表明 , 汉语基本上是按“ 从句 -主句 ” 的方式组织。如:Please tellme when you have a p r oblem. 如有问题 ,请给我打电话。二、英汉语言思维差异归根到底 ,上述词句间的差异源于语言主体间的思维差异。 “ 思维方式的差异 ,正是造成语言差异的一个重要原因。 ” [ 9 ]翻译的过程 ,不仅是语言形式的转换 ,更是思维方式的变换。 (一 ) 形合思维与意合思维 “ 英语句子结构比较紧凑 ,句子内部连接之处 , 一般都要用具体的词语来体现 ,也就是王力先生所说的‘形和 ’ 。 ” “ 汉语句子结构比较松散 , 连词用得不多 ,但意思是连贯的 ,这就是王力先生所说的‘意和 ’ 。 ” [ 10 ]形合和意合是分析思维和综合思维的各自具体表现。“ 形合 ” 就是主要靠语言本身的结构手段来表达意思;“意合 ” 主要靠句子内部逻辑关系来表情达意。英汉两种语言形合、意合思维的差异对翻译有着深远的影响。 (二 ) 抽象思维与形象思维的差异中运用抽象词的频率大大高于汉语。汉语用具体词表达的事情 , 英语中往往用抽象词:戴安娜代表了热情 ,责任 ,风度和美丽。Diana was theessence of compassi on, of duty, of style, of beauty .现代汉语中抽象词的使用也大增 ,如以“ 性 ” 、 “观 ” 、“ 化 ” 等结尾的词 ,例如:科学性、荣辱观、园林化等。 (三 )被动思维与主体思维的差异英语中凡是不必说出主动者 ,或者为了使方便、叙述客观、语气委婉等往往都是用被动语态 ,所以被动语态极其常见。相比之下 ,汉语的被动语态使用范围窄得多 ,而主动语态用得多。三、英汉文化差异沃尔夫的语言相对论认为语言类型的不同影响人们认识世界的方式。 [ 11 ]反过来说 ,一种语言的词语数量的多寡和语义所指往往因文化不同而异。在语言的形成发展过程中 ,由于语言客体的区别和语言主体心理思维的不同 ,表现在语言中必然出现某种差异甚至冲突对立 ,这种语言体现在心理上的差异即是文化差异。文化差异渗透在两个语言形式的各个方面 ,在语音、词汇、语句、篇章等方面都各有表现。 (一 )英汉文化有部分重叠 “ 语言的不同层次和相当层次的语言单位具有不同的文化蕴含内容 ,其中词是文化蕴含内容的核心。 ” [ 12 ]这种情况首先体现在概念词语上。英语在概念上加以明确区分的实体 ,在汉语文化可能不加区分 ,反之亦然。英汉两种语言概念划分很少有完全一致的 , 这就给翻译带来了很大困难。亲属称谓是一个典型的例子。英语的 uncle就可以指汉语的伯、叔、舅、姑父、姨父任何人。汉语的区分较英语细致得多。 (二 )英汉文化空缺“ 以别的语言为参照 , 任何一种自然语言的词汇场中都可能有‘ 词汇空缺 ’ 。 ” [ 13 ]所谓空缺 (文化上的 ) ,是指有些表达方式是一国所独有而别国没有。这种空缺在词语的使用上显得尤为突出。英语和汉语的俗语、谚语、成语、禁忌语、委婉语所呈现出来的文化差异就更大了。 (三 ) 中英文化冲突所谓文化冲突 ,有两种情况: (1)有些表达方式 ,一种语言有另一语言也有 ,但涵义刚好相反。 (2)含义相同的内容在两种语言表达方式上截然相反。正如柯平所说:“ 翻译理解中最大的危险在于原语和译语里有一些貌合神离的假朋友 ,它们的指称意义相同 ,但语用意义 (主要是喻义 )完全不同 ,甚至正好相反。 ” 众所周知的一个例子就是 pull one’ s leg (开玩笑 ) ,它的含义并不是“ 拉某人的腿 ”或“ 拖后腿 ” 。“ 观察事物的视点不同是造成英汉文化冲突的另一个原因 ” 。 [ 14 ] 如英语说 beat the enemy,汉语是战胜 (或战败 )敌人;英语 fight fires在汉语变成了“ 救火 ” 。由此可以看出 ,在互译中英文作品时一定要把握词语的文化内涵 ,出现文化冲突时切忌直译 ,否则 ,将严重损害原作的内容和精神。两种语言之间的文化差异影响翻译的准确与否 ,因此 ,在翻译中必须深度挖掘词句所要表达的真实意思 ,高度重视语言差异 ,包括语句差异、思维差异以及不同方面不同层次间的文化差异。

★ Talk much, and err much. [谚]言多必失。★ D-is the better part of valor. [谚]谨慎为勇敢之本; 好汉不吃眼前亏。★ Opportunity makes the thief. [谚]疏忽招盗贼。A bad workman always blames his tools.【谚】拙匠总怪工具差。Absence makes the heart grow fonder.【谚】别离情更深。A burnt child dreads the fire.【谚】一朝被蛇咬，三年怕草绳。A constant guest is never welcome.【谚】常客招人嫌。A contented mind is perpetual feast.【谚】知足长乐。A cracked bell can never sound well.【谚】破钟敲不响。Actions speak louder than words.【谚】百说不如一干。A drowning man will catch at straw.【谚】人快淹死时，稻草也要抓。Adversity makes man wise, not rich.【谚】逆境增才干，并不增财富。A fair death honors the whole life.【谚】死得其所，流芳百世。A friend in need is friend in indeed.【谚】患难识知已。A friend is easier lost than found.【谚】失友容易，交友难。After storm comes calm.【谚】否极泰来。After dinner sit while; after supper walk mile.【谚】饭后百步，延年益寿。A good beginning is half the battle.【谚】好的开端等于成功一半。A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.【谚】好书如挚友，情谊永不渝。A good husband makes good wife.【谚】夫善则妻贤。A good name is sooner lost than won.【谚】美名易失，不易得。A good wife is good prize.【谚】贤妻赛宝石。A good winter brings good summer.【谚】好冬必有好夏。A house divided against itself cannot stand.【谚】家庭不睦，万事不兴。A lazy youth, lousy age.【谚】少壮不努力，老大徒悲伤。A little is better than none.【谚】聊胜于无。A little learning is dangerous thing.【谚】浅学误人。A little pot is soon hot.【谚】壶小易热，量小易怒。A living dog is better than dead lion.【谚】死狮不如活狗。All his geese are swans.【谚】敝帚自珍。All lay loads on willing horse.【谚】好马重负。All roads lead to Rome.【谚】条条道路通罗马。All's well that ends well.【谚】结果好，一切都好。All that glitters is not gold.【谚】闪光的东西不一定是金子。All things are difficult before they are easy.【谚】凡事起头难。All work and no play makes Jack dull boy.【谚】只用功，不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。A man can only die once.【谚】人生只有一回死。A man is known by his friends.【谚】视其友，知其人。A man who has friends must show himself friendly.【谚】要想交朋友，就得有诚意。A merry heart goes all the way.【谚】心情愉快，万事顺利。A miss is as good as mile.【谚】失之毫厘，差之千里。Among the blinds the one-eyed man is king.【谚】山中无老虎，猴子称大王。An apple day keeps the doctor away.【谚】一日一苹果，胜过找医生。An empty sack cannot stand upright.【谚】空袋子，立不直。An Englishman's house is his castle.【谚】非经许可，不得进入。An evil lesson is soon learned.【谚】恶习易染。A new broom sweeps clean.【谚】新官上任三把火。An eye for eye and tooth for tooth.【谚】以眼还眼，以牙还牙。A penny saved is penny earned.【谚】省一文就得一文。A rolling stone gathers no moss.【谚】滚石不生苔。A secret between more than two is no secret.【谚】三人知，天下晓。A still tongue makes wise head.【谚】寡言为智。A stitch in time saves nine.【谚】一针及时省九针。A straw will show which way the wind blows.【谚】草动知风向。A tale never loses in the telling.【谚】故事越传越长。A thing of beauty is joy for ever.【谚】美好的事物，回味无穷。A thing you don't want is dear at any price.【谚】不需要的东西最贵。A true jest is no jest.【谚】真笑话并非笑话。A useful trade is amine of gold.【谚】一技在身犹如金矿在手。A willful man must have his way.【谚】只要人有恒，万事皆可成。A woman's work is never done.【谚】妇女的家务事，永远也做不完。A wonder lasts but nine days.【谚】什么新奇的事，也新不了几天。A word to the wise is enough.【谚】聪明人一点即明。A work ill done must be twice done.【谚】马虎干活，准得返工。Bad excuses are worse than none.【谚】狡辩比不辩护还糟。Barking dogs seldom bite.【谚】吠犬不咬人。Beauty and folly are often companions.【谚】美貌和愚蠢常结伴。Beauty is but skin-deep.【谚】美丽只是外表罢了。Beggars' bags are bottomless.【谚】乞丐不知足。Be just before you are generous.【谚】先还债，后慷慨。Best is cheapest.【谚】好货最便宜。Better buy than borrow.【谚】买比借好。Better early than late.【谚】宁早勿晚。Better go to heaven in rags than to hell in embroidery.【谚】宁可空而有志，不可富而失节。Better late than never.【谚】迟做总比不做好。Better lose the saddle than the horse.【谚】宁可丢鞍，不可失马。Better to wear out than rust out.【谚】与其锈坏，不如用坏。Between two stools you fall to the ground.【谚】脚踏两条船，两头要落空。Birds of feather flock together.【谚】物以类聚，人以群分。Blessed is he that expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed.【谚】无奢望者有福，因其永不失望。Blood is thicker than water.【谚】血浓于水。Books and friends should be few but good.【谚】买书如交友，必须少而精。Brevity is the soul of wit.【谚】言以简洁为贵。Cheats never prosper.【谚】靠欺，难发财。Children and fools tell the truth.【谚】孩子和傻子，口中无诈语。Children should be seen but not be heard.【谚】大人在讲话，小孩别插嘴。Choose wife by your ear rather than by your eye.【谚】择妻靠耳，不靠眼。Circumstances alter cases.【谚】具体情况具体分析。Cleanliness is next to godliness.【谚】整洁近于美德。Cloudy mornings give way to clear evenings.【谚】早晨云遮日，晚上星满天。Comfort is better than pride.【谚】舒适胜于虚荣。Coming events cast their shadows before.【谚】未来之事，必有前兆。Constant dropping wears away stone.【谚】滴水穿石。Content is better than riches.【谚】知足胜于财富。Courtesy costs nothing.【谚】彬彬有礼，惠而不费。Cowards die many times before their deaths.【谚】胆小鬼在真正断气之前要死许多次。Custom rules the law.【谚】风俗左右法律。Cut your coat according to your cloth.【谚】量布裁衣；量入为出。Dead men tell no tales.【谚】死人不会告密。Death is the great leveler.【谚】死亡面前人人平等。Death pays all debts.【谚】一死了百债。Delays are dangerous.【谚】事怕延误。Diamond cut diamond.【谚】棋逢对手，将遇良才。Diligence is the mother of good luck.【谚】勤力佳运之母。Dog does not eat dog.【谚】同类不相残。Doing nothing is doing ill.【谚】无所事事，必干坏事。Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.【谚】不要过早打如意算盘。Do not cry for the moon.【谚】海底捞月办不到。Do not cry out before you are hurt.【谚】没受伤，别乱喊。Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade.【谚】遮荫之树不可砍。Do not cut off your nose to spite your face.【谚】不要做害人害已的蠢事。Do not keep all the eggs in one basket.【谚】不要孤注一掷。Do not quarrel with your bread and butter.【谚】不要砸自己的“饭碗”。Do not rob Peter to pay Paul.【谚】不要挖肉补疮。Do not try to teach your grandmother to such eggs.【谚】不要班门弄斧。Don't put the cart before the horse.【谚】勿本末倒置。Dreams go by contraries.【谚】梦与现实常相反。Dumb dogs are dangerous.【谚】哑巴狗最危险。Dying is as natural as living.【谚】有生必有死。Early sow, early mow.【谚】早种早收。Early to bed, early to rise, make man healthy, wealthy, and wise.【谚】睡得早，起得早，聪明、富裕、身体好。Easier said than done.【谚】说来容易，做来难。East or west, home is best.【谚】东也好，西也好，还是家最好。Easy come, easy go.【谚】来的快，去得也快。Eat to live, but not live to eat.【谚】人为生而食，不为食而生。Empty vessels make the most noise.【谚】满瓶子不响，半瓶子晃荡。Envy never enriched any man.【谚】妒忌决不会致富。Even worm will turn.【谚】人急造反，狗急跳墙。Every bean hath its black.【谚】人孰无过。Every bird likes its own nest the best.【谚】金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。Everybody's business is nobody's business.【谚】众人的事儿没人管。Every cook praises his own broth.【谚】王婆买瓜，自卖自夸。Every dog has its day.【谚】凡人皆有得意日。Every little helps.【谚】涓涓细流汇成河，粒粒稻菽堆满箩。Every little makes mickle.【谚】积少成多，滴水成流。Every man hath his weak side.【谚】人皆有弱点。Every man is his won enemy.【谚】自贻伊戚。Everything comes to him who waits.【谚】耐心等待，万事皆成。Everything is good when new, but friends when old.【谚】物莫如新，友莫如故。Every why has wherefore.【谚】凡事必有因。Example is better than precept.【谚】身教胜过言教。Experience is the best teacher.【谚】经验是良师。Experience is the father of wisdom.【谚】经验是智慧之父。Experience must be bought.【谚】要取得经验，须付出代价。Extremes are dangerous.【谚】凡事走向极端是危险的。Face to face, the truth comes out.【谚】面对面，真相白。Facts speak louder than words.【谚】事实胜于雄辩。Failure teaches success.【谚】失败是成功之母。False friends are worse than bitter enemies.【谚】明枪易躲，暗箭难防。Far from eye, far from heart.【谚】眼不见，心不念。Far water does not put out near fire.【谚】远水救不了近火。Fast bind, fast find.【谚】藏得好，丢不了。Fine feathers make fine birds.【谚】佛要金装，人要衣装。Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters.【谚】水火是忠仆，也能成灾主。First come, first served.【谚】先到先招待。First impressions are most lasting.【谚】最初的印象最深刻。Fools build houses and wise men live in them.【谚】愚者造房，智才租房。Fool's haste is no speed.【谚】欲速则不达。Forbidden fruit is sweetest.【谚】禁果格外甜。Fortune favours fools.【谚】傻子有傻福。Fortune favours the brave.【谚】天佑勇者。Fortune favours those who use their judgment.【谚】智才天助。Fortune knocks once at everyone's door.【谚】人人都有走运的一天。Four eyes see more than two.【谚】四只眼睛总比两只眼睛看得清。Friendship should not be all on one side.【谚】友谊靠双方。Give him an inch and he will take yard.【谚】得寸进尺。Give him the dose of his own medicine.【谚】以其人之道还治其人之身。God helps those who help themselves.【谚】自助者天助。Gold will not buy everything.【谚】金钱并非万能。Good advice is harsh to the ear.【谚】忠言逆耳。Good counsel has no price.【谚】忠言无价。Good health is above wealth.【谚】健康胜过财富。Good words are worth much and cost little.【谚】好话不花钱，一句值千金。Go while the going is good.【谚】此时不走，更待何时。Grasp all, lose all.【谚】欲尽得，必尽失。Great minds think alike.【谚】英雄所见略同。Great trees keep down the little ones.【谚】大鱼吃小鱼，小鱼吃虾米。Habit is second nature.【谚】习惯是第二天性。Half loaf is better than no bread.【谚】半个面包总比没有好；聊胜于无。Harm watch, harm catch.【谚】害人反害已。Haste makes waste.【谚】忙中有错。Health is better than wealth.【谚】健康胜于财富。Hear all parties.【谚】兼听则明，偏听则暗。Hedges have eyes and walls have ears.【谚】篱笆有眼，墙壁长耳。He is rich that has few wants.【谚】无欲者为富。He knows most who speaks least.【谚】博学者寡言。He laughs best who laughs last.【谚】谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。He that begins many things , finishes but few.【谚】贪多嚼不烂。He that is full of himself is very empty.【谚】妄自尊大，腹中空空。He that runs fastest gets the ring.【谚】捷足先登。He that travels far knows much.【谚】远行者，见识广。He who has mind to beat dog will easily find stick.【谚】想要打狗，找棍何愁。He who is ashamed of asking is ashamed of learning.【谚】耻于问即耻于学。He who plays with fire gets burnt.【谚】玩火者必自焚。He who rides on tiger can never dismount.【谚】骑虎难下。Home is where the heart is.【谚】哪里最欢乐，那里就是家。Honesty is the best policy.【谚】诚实乃上策。Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.

英语谚语翻译论文答辩

1、A merry heart goes all the e.

处处有路通长安。

4、An apple a day keeps the doctor a is like a good cake, better broken than kept.

蛋糕莫保留，坏习气要除掉。

8、A life es fair ter than none.

有一点总比没有好。

29、A good medicine tastes bitter.

良药苦口，忠言逆耳。

30、A little help is .

书是随时携带的花园。

33、A friend is a second self.

朋友是第二个自我。

34、A candle lights others and consumes itself.

蜡烛照亮了别人，燃尽了自己。

35、All ter than riches.

好名誉胜过有财富

38、A bad workman always blames his tools.

劣工咎器。

39、A snow year, a good year.

瑞雪兆丰年。

40、An evil lesson is soon learned.

学坏容易。

41、A lazy youth, a lousy age.

少年懒惰，老来贫苦。

42、A work ill done must be twice done.

工作未干好，只得重返工。

43、After supper walk a mile.

饭后百步走，活到九十九。

44、An empty bag cannot stand upright.

空袋子放不真。

45、A tree is known by its fruit.

观其行而知其人。

46、All things are difficult before they are easy.

万事开头难。

47、A good medicine tastes bitter.

良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。

49、All men can't be first.

并非所有的都能获第一。

50、A thousand mile trip begins with one step.

千里之行，始于足下。

51、A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.

美好的事物永远是一种快乐。

52、Actions speak louder than words.

事实胜于雄辩。

53、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

一知半解，害已误人。

54、A man is known by his friends.

什么人交什么朋友。

55、A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

两鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。

56、A good conscience is a soft pillow.

问心无愧，高枕无忧。

57、All are not friends that speak us fair.

说好话的不一定都是朋友。

高考经典高中英语句子常用谚语大全带汉语

高中是要奔着高考去冲刺的，自然要好好努力一番，英语作为主课千万不能落下，每天多背一些吧。欢迎大家学习参考。

1、Diligence is the mother of success.

成功来自勤奋。

2、God helps those who help themselves.

自助者天助。

3、Gold will not buy anything.

黄金并非万能。

4、No man can do two things at once.

一心不可二用。

5、Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.

世上无难事，只要肯登攀。

6、Wealth is nothing without health.

失去健康，钱再多也没用。

7、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.

今日事，今日毕。

8、Two heads are better than one.

三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。

9、Actions speak louder than words.

事实胜于雄辩。

10、A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难见真情。

11、All things are difficult before they are easy.

万事先难后易。

12、An idle youth, a needy age. / A young idler, an old beggar.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

13、Well begun is half done.

良好的开端是成功的一半。

14、Health is happiness.

健康就是幸福。

15、He laughs best who laughs last.

谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

16、Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

17、Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者事竟成。

18、practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧。

19、An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

一天一个苹果，医生远离我。

20、Health is above wealth.

健康胜于财富。

21、Kill two birds with one stone.

一箭双雕。

22、All beginnings are hard.

万事开头难。

23、The early bird catches the worm.

早起的鸟儿有虫吃。

24、Easier said than done.

说起来容易做起来难。

25、Think twice before you do、/Look before you leap.

三思而后行。

26、Do as the Romans do.

入乡随俗。

27、A good beginning is half done.

良好的开端是成功的一半。

28、Knowledge is power.

知识就是力量。

29、Facts speak plainer than words.

事实胜于雄辩。

30、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.

自信是走向成功的第一步。

31、A thousand mile trip begins with one step.

千里之行，始于足下。

32、Unity is strength.

团结就是力量。

33、Time and tide wait for no man.

时不我待。

34、Do nothing by halves.

不可半途而废。

35、Business before pleasure.

先工作，后娱乐。

36、Nothing is too difficult in the world if you set your mind into it.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

37、Dont judge by appearance.

不可以貌取人。

38、Time flies.

光阴似箭。

39、Time is money.

时间就是金钱。

40、Nothing seek, nothing find.

没有追求就没有收获。

41、A life without a friend is a life without a sun.

人生没有朋友，犹如生活没有阳光。

42、A life without a friend is a life without a sun.

活到老，学到老。

43、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只工作而无娱乐会使人愚钝。

44、Every advantage has its disadvantage.

有利必有弊。

45、Every advantage has its disadvantage.

光阴一去不复返。

46、All roads lead to Rome.

条条大路通罗马。

47、Do it now.

机不可失，时不再来。

48、As one door closes, another door opens.

无绝人之路。

49、Honesty is the best policy.

做人诚信为本。

1、

魔鬼高兴，也发善心。 The devil is good ething for nothing.

5、

不要谋之过早。 Dont jump the gun.

6、

不劳动者不得食。 He that ails.

10、

东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。 Everything is good .

13、

千里之行，始于足下。 A journey of a thousand miles begins y.

64、

说是一回事，做是另一回事。 Saying is one thing, doing is another.

65、

工作出工匠。 placency.

77、

人不贵妻，自我丢脸。 He that dishonors his ter wear out than rust out.

93、

活到老，学到老。 Never too old to learn.

94、

伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿。 Feed a cold and starve a fever.

95、

勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。 Every brave man is a man of his word.

96、

停止须生锈。 Stop rust.

97、

趁风扬帆。 Sail before the wind.

98、

求学的三个基本原则是∶多观察、多吃苦、多钻研。 The three foundations of learning: seeing much, suffering much, and studying much.

99、

生活得好的等于生活了两次。 He lives twice who lives well.

100、

玫瑰花没有不长刺的。 There is no rose without a thorn.

1、

白日不做亏心事，夜半不怕鬼敲门。 A clear conscience laughs at false accusations.

2、

危险本身就是对付危险的最好办法。 Danger itself is the best remedy for danger.

3、

权高树敌多。 Great pos.

20、

善言是世上的音乐。 Kind here to there.

39、

欲擒龙王，就得下海。 If you an can keep is her age.

49、

好马常要好靴刺。 A good horse often needs a good spur.

50、

虎父生犬子。 Like father, like son.

51、

记得青年时所做的愚笨事的人是幸福的。 Happy is he are none the better.

56、

药补不如食补。 Food is better than medicine.

57、

行胜于言。 Actions speak louder than .

61、

不尝黄连苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。 e easy.

65、

真理不些要色彩，美丽不需涂饰。 Truth needs no colour; beauty, no pencil.

66、

自由不是放纵。 Liberty is not licence.

67、

天下的狗都要咬人。 All dogs bite.

68、

人人都讲话，无人去听它。 other countries are the most beautiful.

84、

爱是人生最大的乐趣。 Love is the greatest pleasure in life.

85、

反败为胜。 Turn the tables.

86、

熟得快，烂得快。 Soon ripe, soon rotten.

87、

舍本逐末。 Cut the chase.

88、

不可以貌取人。 Dont judge a book by its cover.

89、

心情愉快，办事痛快。 A merry heart makes a merry ter than two oaths.

100、

同室不操戈。 No man is worth your tears, and the one who is, wont make you cry.

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

英语论文参考文献英语

英语论文参考文献格式如下：

1、引用中的省略。原始资料的引用：在正文中直接引用时，应给出作者、年份，并用带括号的数字标出页码。若有任何资料省略，使用英文时，应用3个省略号在句中标出……，中文用6个若两句间的资料省略，英文应用4个省略号标出‥‥，中文用6个……。

2、大段落引用。当中文引用超过160字时，不使用引号，而使用“块”的形式引用起于新的一行，首行缩进4个空格，两端对齐，之后每行都缩进。

3、基本格式。同作者在同一段中重复被引用时，第一次必须写出日期，第二次以后则日期可省略。英文文献：In a recent study of reaction times, Walker (2000) described the method…Walker also found…。

4、单一作者，英文文献：姓氏出版或发表年代或姓氏，出版或发表年代。例如：Porter 2001…或…Porter，2001。

英语专业毕业论文参考文献精选

Cook,G. The Discourse of Advertising (Second edition).Routledge,2001

Coulthard, M. An Introduction to Discourse

Dyer,G. Advertising as

Simons,. Persuasion. Understanding, Practice, and Analysis, Random

Swales,M. Genre Analysis. English in Academic and Research Setting. Cambridge University .、K. Schroder. The Language of Adertising.

刘海平，王守仁国际商务英语教程(2)南京：南京大学出版社，2000

吕煦实用英语修辞北京：清华大学出版社，2004

秦秀白文体学概论长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988

石定乐，彭春萍商务跨文化交际武汉：武汉大学出版社，2004

梭伦实用商务英语北京：中国纺织出版社，2002

王蕾新闻英语杭州：浙江大学出版社，2003

王燕希广告英语一本通北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社，2004

徐琴嫒，张开新闻英语与媒介研究北京：北京广播学院出版社，2004

张梅岗科技英语修辞长沙：湖南科技出版社，1998

赵静广告英语北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1993

曹志耘广告语言艺术长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，1992

陈定安科技英语与翻译台北：书林出版有限公司，1999

方薇现代广告英语进程南京：南京大学出版社，1997

侯维瑞英语语体上海：上海外语教育出版社，1988

胡文仲，吴祯福实用英语写作北京：北京外语教学与研究出版社，1998

胡壮麟语篇的衔接与连贯上海：上海外语教育出版社，1994

黄国文语篇分析概要长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988

李中行，戚肖山，张惠广告英语长沙：湖南教育出版社，1986

英语谚语论文开题报告模板

附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考)“it is therefore pointless to try to make tc more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(wilss, 1982: 217)‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧？你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦？真够呛的！费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧！”’（张南峰，1990：59-60）附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)wilss, wolfram. the science of translation – problems and methods. gunter narr verlag tubingen,, peter. a textbook of translation. new york: prentice hall, , dirk. translating puns: a false opposition in translation studies. target, 1991(3:2):137-152. 专业：研究方向：作者：导师：写作时间： — 对外经济贸易大学英语学院（英文）school of international studiesuniversity of international business and economicspragmatic strategies in advertising: implicatureswang yinga thesis submitted to school of international studies of university of international business and economicsin partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of artsapril 2002beijing, china参考资料:

论文开题报告基本要素

各部分撰写内容

论文标题应该简洁，且能让读者对论文所研究的主题一目了然。

摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：

目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题，副标题应缩进。

这部分应该从宏观的角度来解释研究背景，缩小研究问题的范围，适当列出相关的参考文献。

这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。

这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。

英语专业写起来比较麻烦，不可能有人给你白写的，还是自己动动脑筋写吧，如写作实在有困难可以找人帮忙，是我同学介绍我的，找的【天下文库】，她们帮我做的。还不错，希望你也都能顺利通过。☆论文的选题撰写毕业论文，首先是选择课题。选题是完成毕业论文撰写成败的关键。因为，选择题是完成毕业论文撰写的第一步，它实际上就是确定“写什么”的问题，亦即确定科学研究的方向。要坚持选择有科学价值和现实意义的课题。[详细内容]☆论文的格式(一)论文标题。(二)作者姓名。(三)内容摘要。一般为中文摘要，如有英文要求则要附上英文摘要。摘要应该以研究目的、研究方法、研究结果和结论，围绕主题展开，明确介绍重点。一般用200-300字高度概括全篇论文的精华。(四)关键词。又称主题词，从论文中选出用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。一般以3-8个词以显著的字体另起一行，排在摘要的左下方。(五)正文:1、绪论;2、本论;3、结论。(六)参考文献。在论文主体的后面列出参考文献，目的在于表明作者的科学态度和对前人劳动成果的尊重，并方便读者去查阅参考文献之前专门列出一项“致谢”。☆论文的撰写论文的正文一般包括三大部分:绪论、本论和结论。绪论是论文的开头部分。主要讲清研究的动机、写作的理由、目的和意义、提出问题、概述内容、明确中心论点等。一般要求语言简洁扼要，开门见山，引人注目。也可以简要交代确定选题的过程和有关背景材料，目的是为了使读者更好地了解全文的旨要...☆论文的指导在与指导教师第一次见面后，考生将根据指导教师的要求，对已有的写作思路进行丰富或修正并形成论文写作提纲。对于写作者来说，提纲质量的高低，直接关系到论文写作的成效。豪不夸张地说，写好了论文提纲，也就等于完成了论文写作任务的一半。

那么，不同国家的文化差异，究竟应该怎样来表示呢？霍夫斯坦特从其调查数据的分析中，得出了以下描述各种文化差异的指标：（一）权力距离(power distance) 权力距离即在一个组织当中，权力的集中程度和领导的独裁程度，以及一个社会在多大的程度上可以接受组织当中这种权力分配的不平等，在企业当中可以理解为员工和管理者之间的社会距离。一种文化究竟是大的权力距离还是小的权力距离，必然会从该社会内权力大小不等的成员的价值观中反映出来。因此研究社会成员的价值观，就可以判定一个社会对权力差距的接受程度。例如，美国是权力距离相对较小的国家，美国员工倾向于不接受管理特权的观念，下级通常认为上级是“和我一样的人”。所以在美国，员工与管理者之间更平等，关系也更融洽，员工也更善于学习、进步和超越自我，实现个人价值。中国相对而言，是权力距离较大的国家，在这里地位象征非常重要，上级所拥有的特权被认为是理所应当的，这种特权大大地有助于上级对下属权力的实施。这些特点显然不利于员工与管理者之间和谐关系的创造和员工在企业中不断地学习和进步。因而要在中国的企业当中采纳“构建员工与管理者之间和谐的关系”以及“为员工在工作当中提供学习的机会，使他们不断进步”这两项人本主义政策，管理者有必要在实践当中有意识地减小企业内部权力之间的距离，才会更好地实现管理目标。（二）不确定性避免(uncertainty avoidance index)

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