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东南亚佛教文化论文范文英文版高中

发布时间:2024-07-08 10:43:43

东南亚佛教文化论文范文英文版高中

大把的,你在google上用英文关键词搜索就可以了。现在JIABS(国际印度佛教研究期刊)也开放2005年之前的论文下载了,都是关于佛教研究的英文论文。而且很多是藏传佛教的。你可以按图索骥。这是JIABS的网站-de/ojs/php/jiabs/index 这是JSTOR数据库里的资料+buddhism&Search=Search&gw=jtx&prq=tibetean+buddhism&hp=25&acc=off&aori=off&wc=on&fc=off 还有日本南山宗教研究所的网站里也提供论文下载。日文的和英文都有。哦,忘了说,豆瓣小组里也有”佛教文献“小组,也提供很多国外的学术研究论文下载的。

This paper elaborates the Chinese Buddhist music from the formation, development and stereotypes Modern until the popularization of the weakening of modern different stages, and presents preliminary arguments on the evolution process from early Buddhist music on the upper deck of "pop music” and then vulgarizing to nongovernmental and hope that the Buddhist music as one of the common non-material cultural heritage of Chinese nation will get further social attention, protection and Key words: history, types of forms, musical instruments, music features and functions

东南亚佛教文化论文范文英文版

Wuthering Heights as a Religious NovelWuthering Heights is not a religious novel in the sense that it supports a particular religion (Christianity), or a particular branch of Christianity (Protestantism), a particular Protestant denomination (Church of England) Rather, religion in this novel takes the form of the awareness of or conviction of the existence of a spirit-An overwhelming sense of the presence of a larger reality moved Rudolph Otto to call Wuthering Heights a supreme example of "the daemonic" in Otto was concerned with identifying the non-rational mystery behind all religion and all religious experiences; he called this basic element or mystery the The numinous grips or stirs the mind so powerfully that one of the responses it produces is numinous dread, which consists of awe or awe- Numinous dread implies three qualities of the numinous: its absolute unapproachability, its power, its urgency or A misunderstanding of these qualities and of numinous dread by primitive people gives rise to daemonic dread, which Otto identifies as the first stage in religious At the same time that they feel dread, they are drawn by the fascinating power of the Otto explains, "The daemonic-divine object may appear to the mind an object of horror and dread, but at the same time it is no less something that allures with a potent charm, and the creature, who trembles before it, utterly cowed and cast down, has always at the same time the impulse to turn to it, nay even to make it somehow his " Still, acknowledgment of the "daemonic" is a genuine religious experience, and from it arise the gods and demons of later It has been suggested that Gothic fiction originated primarily as a quest for numinous For Derek Traversi the motive force of Brontë's novel is "a thirst for religious experience," which is not C It is this spirit which moves Catherine to exclaim, "surely you and everybody have a notion that there is, or should be, an existence of yours beyond What were the use of my creation if I were entirely contained here? (C ix, 64) Out of Catherine's–and Brontë's–awareness of the finiteness of human nature comes the yearning for a higher reality, permanent, infinite, eternal; a higher reality which would enable the self to become whole and complete and would also replace the feeling of the emptiness of this world with feelings of the fullness of being (fullness of being is a phrase used by and about mystics to describe the aftermath of a direct experience of God) Brontë's religious inspiration turns a discussion of the best way to spend an idle summer's day into a dispute about the nature of Brontë's religious view encompasses both Cathy's and Linton's views of heaven and of life, for she sees a world of contending forces which are contained within her own She seeks to unite them in this novel, though, Traversi admits, the emphasis on passion and death tends to overshadow the drive for Even Heathcliff's approaching death, when he cries out "My soul's bliss kills my body, but does not satisfy itself" (C xxxiv, 254), has a religious Thomas John Winnifrith also sees religious meaning in the novel: salvation is won by suffering, as an analysis of references to heaven and hell For Heathcliff, the loss of Catherine is literally hell; there is no metaphoric meaning in his claim "existence after losing her would be hell" (C xiv, 117) In their last interview, Catherine and Heathcliff both suffer agonies at the prospect of separation, she to suffer "the same distress underground" and he to "writhe in the torments of hell" (XV, 124) Heathcliff is tortured by his obsession for the dead/absent C Suffering through an earthly hell leads Healthcliff finally to his heaven, which is union with Catherine as a The views of Nelly and Joseph about heaven and hell are conventional and do not represent Brontë's views, according to W2Jane has endured Indeed, most of this novel becomes a test of what she can Helen Burns and Miss Temple teach Jane the British stiff upper lip and saintly Then Jane, star pupil that she is, exemplifies the stoicism, while surviving indignity upon Jane’s soul hunkers down deep inside her body and waits for the shelling to Only at Moor’s End, where she teaches and grows, does her soul come She stops enduring and begins Jane begins to become an “I” in her 19th In the sentence, “Reader, I married ” Jane makes clear who is in charge of her life and her marriage; she That “I” stands resolutely as the subject of the sentence commanding the verb and attaching itself to the object, “” She is no longer passive, waiting and sitting for Rochester’s Rather, she goes out and gets She has gone a long way from the beginning of the At Gateshead, Jane tries to direct her Her little “I” scolds M Reed and chastises J Like the later Jane, she knows her mind and speaks Unlike the later Jane, however, she does not have the wherewithal to back up her She does not have the physical strength, the mental skills, nor the finances to stand on her As a result, she can be thrown into the Red Room to repent her sins and can be cast into L At Lowood, her pernicious saints, Helen Burns and Miss Temple, suppress the young ego under a blanket of will, religion, and self- Helen teaches Jane to blame herself for everything and blame others for Helen suffers depredation upon humiliation in the name of dirty fingernails and disorganized socks, all the while chanting “Thank you sir, may I have ” Jane internalizes this, so that she blames herself for Rochester’s faults and error and even forgives the unforgivable, M R For her part, Miss Temple teaches Jane to be subversive, but Rebellion is seed cake and a Rebellion is not keeping the students from the ten-mile forced march to Jane follows these dictates as well, manipulating Rochester for scraps and With one withering blast, Rochester dynamites these two icons into sanctimonious rubble and sends Jane back out into the Her soul, long buried or locked away in the attic, bursts forth and sends Jane for the escape Out in the moors, sucking on dirt, Jane chooses to live on and rebuilds First with the help of her cousins, then with the arrogantly humble Rivers S John, Jane rediscovers who she is and discards who she isn’ Ironically, her final self-definition comes from Rivers when he Helen Burns and Miss Temple would have knelt at the chance, but Jane lets the cup pass In her rejection, she sweeps the debris away and stands by So, when she returns to Thornfield, she comes with her own money and her own Reduced or not, Rochester can only stand with Jane, not tower over She comes with a skill, cash, and self- And under her own power, she submits herself to R She allows herself to be called Janet and to refer to him as “” She willingly and momentarily drops her But not for In the ultimate chapter, Jane directly addresses her “R” The final chapter takes place a year or two post-fire, as the mature Jane looks back on her By the act of writing, Jane has defined herself and stepped away from the saint-in- By writing the truth, in all of its ugliness, she separates herself from the The Jane in the first 38 chapters is not the final Jane that addresses the That Jane has had a child, has married a man, and has made a spot in the The great triumph of that line comes not from the man that she has married, but from the rediscovery and reaffirmation of the voice that once told off M R The girl lost her voice at Lowood has become the woman who can tell us the The novel itself is Jane’s final "I"

老弟这个给5分!会的人不会帮你的! 会中文的论文的我,也不愿意写。因为这是项正是工作了。

'Thrushcross Grange is my own, sir,' he interrupted, 'I should not allow any one to inconvenience me, if I could hinder it - walk in!' The 'walk in' was uttered with closed teeth, and expressed the sentiment, 'Go to the Deuce:' even the gate over which he leant manifested no sympathising movement to the words; and I think that circumstance determined me to accept the invitation: I felt interested in a man who seemed more exaggeratedly reserved than When he saw my horse's breast fairly pushing the barrier, he did put out his hand to unchain it, and then sullenly preceded me up the causeway, calling, as we entered the court, - 'Joseph, take M Lockwood's horse; and bring up some ' 'Here we have the whole establishment of domestics, I suppose,' was the reflection suggested by this compound 'No wonder the grass grows up between the flags, and cattle are the only hedge- '

东南亚文化论文范文高中英语版

In flat vast Yudong

东南亚历史沿革东南亚”指亚洲东南部,包括越南、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸、泰国、马来西亚、新加坡、印度尼西亚、 菲律宾、文莱、东帝汶等国家和地区。面积约448万平方千米。人口45000多万。地理上包括中南半岛和南洋群岛两大部分。 世界各国习惯把越、老、柬、泰、缅五国称之为东南亚的“陆地国家”或“半岛国家”;而将马、新、印尼、文、菲五国称之为东南亚的“海洋国家”或“海岛国家”。群岛区和半岛的南部属热带雨林气候,半岛北部山地属亚热带森林气候。矿物以锡、石油、天然气、煤、镍、铝土矿、钨、铬、金等为重要。东南亚是柠檬、黄麻、丁香、豆蔻、胡椒、香蕉、槟榔、木菠萝、马尼拉麻等热带栽培植物的原产地,盛产稻米、橡胶、香料、柚木 、木棉、金鸡纳霜及热带水果。 1967年8月,印尼、泰国、新加坡、菲律宾四国外长和马来西亚副总理在曼谷举行会议,发表了《曼谷宣言》,正式宣告东南亚国家联盟成立。这就是“东南亚国家联盟”(简称“东盟”)。发展至今已有10个成员国。除新加坡外,均属发展中国家。 东南亚各国都是多民族的国家。全区有90多个民族,东南亚地区又是世界上华侨、华人最多的地区。全区约有华侨、华人2000多万,另有200多万印度人,100多万其它国家的外来移民。 今天的东南亚是当今世界经济发展最有活力和潜力的地区之一。在未来新的世界政治、经济格局中,东南亚在政治、经济上的作用和战略地位将更加重要。 东南亚是中国的南邻,文化相通,自古以来就有密切的交往。近一二十年来,双方合作也是不断发展,已有很好的基础。广西处于中国走向东南亚的“门户地带”,具有承担起构建中国与东盟国家之间海陆空最便捷通道的基础和潜力;在经济上看,广西与东盟国家在资源结构、产业结构、市场需求、科学技术等方面具有不小的互补性,合作前景十分广阔。 近年来,广西与东南亚各国在经贸、投资以及技术方面的交流与合作发展态势良好。统计数据表明,去年广西与东盟各国贸易总额超过4.2亿美元,占广西对外贸易2成以上;截至2001年底,新加坡、马来西亚、越南、泰国等7个东盟国家到广西投资的项目累计达到293个,实际利用外资近6亿美元。

东南亚佛教文化论文范文大全

敦煌莫高窟,将佛教在各个历史时期(从凉至元代)的“面貌”都立体地呈现出来。这种呈现,让这个时代的出家人、文化人、修行人,乃至普通的观光客,都能与古人们进行超越时间的对话,而反观当下的我们“处在哪里”。

这里想与大家共同分享关于敦煌的写经文化。自汉代以来,敦煌成为丝绸之路上的交通枢纽,有“华戎所交,一大都会”的美誉。历史上,活动于此的有汉、栗特、吐蕃、于阗、西夏、回鹘等民族,敦煌写经是各民族共同创造的辉煌事业。来到敦煌,您可以在伴随敦煌及莫高窟有千年之久的雷音寺里礼佛写经,这是对写经这种佛教传统文化礼仪的传承与弘扬。礼佛写经,修一切善缘,得自在解脱。 敦煌写经文化希望能给您提供您的话题参考。 谢谢

东南亚佛教文化论文题目大全高中

关于1、在佛陀入般涅盘的那一年雨安居,摩诃迦叶长老在王舍城主持了有五百位大阿拉汉(阿罗汉)参加的第一次结集。在此次结集中,与会者们就什么是「杂碎戒」发表了不同的看法。於是,迦叶尊者在僧团中作羯摩,即僧团表决会议,重申了佛陀临终前的教导:尚未制定者不应再制,已经制定者不应废除,只应继续受持所制定的学处。此项决议获得全体与会者的一致通过。由於当时的与会者都是德高望重、诸漏已尽、所作已办的阿拉汉长老比库,因此,这项决议的精神也就在以上座比库为核心的原始僧团中保持下来。 佛灭一百年左右,印度东方一些比丘的行为引起戒律上的诤论,於是召集七百位上座比库进行裁决。经过讨论,宣布跋耆族比库所行的「十事」为非法,并会诵律法。这就是佛教史上的「第二次结集」,又称「七百结集」「韦沙离结集」。遭否决的大多数比库不满上座长老们的裁定,另外纠集一万朋党,会诵经律,自成一派。 从此,教团在戒律上产生了分歧。此后,又有比丘挑起教义上的争端,佛教遂分裂为保守传统的「上座部」和主张革新的「大众部」两大部派。此后,部派之间继续分裂,先后成立的部派相传有十八部或二十部之多,佛教史进入了「部派佛教时期」。 佛陀般涅盘后二百余年,孔雀王朝第三代阿育王统一了印度的绝大部分地区,成为印度史上最大的帝国。阿育王笃信佛法,为了淘汰外道、整顿僧团,从阿呼冈嘎山迎请了目犍连子帝须为上座,在华氏城召集精通三藏的一千名比库,举行第三次结集,历时九个月,会诵律经论三藏,并编纂了一部《论事》,广引经典,驳斥了上座部分别说系以外的252个非正统见解。 这次大会还作出决定,派出九个弘法使团到国内外各地去传播佛法。其中的第八使团到了金地,由阿育王的儿子马兴达( 又译摩哂陀、摩亨德、摩醯陀)长老组成的第九弘法使团就把佛教传入了师子国。 马兴达早年出家,师事目犍连子帝须大长老学习三藏圣典,博学多闻、戒行精严。于西元前247年渡海来到兰卡岛。当时兰卡的国王天爱·帝须王(西元前247~207年)和一批大臣首先皈依了佛教,接著又剃度了国王的侄儿阿利他等五十多位兰卡青年,弘法工作进展非常顺利。国王布施了御花园「大云林园」,修筑大寺供养僧团。这座大寺日后成为整个南传上座部佛教的发祥地和弘法中心。 不久,马兴达长老又邀请他的妹妹桑喀蜜妲长老尼从印度带领十位比库尼来到兰卡,为阿奴喇等五百位女子传授戒法,建立比库尼僧团。佛教迅速普及全岛各地,成为几乎是全民信仰的国教。

佛教为何能在东南亚盛行;自秋蓉;201251406213;2012级对外汉语;摘要:佛教在东南亚的盛行以及在东南亚盛行的原因;关键词:大小乘佛教、缅甸、泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、越;一、东南亚的佛教佛教传入东南亚,最早的地区应在今;公元10世纪以后,由于南传上座部佛教受到大部分东;二、东南亚佛教盛行的原因;东南亚佛教盛行局面的形成有长期的历史积淀;1、东南亚的地理佛教为何能在东南亚盛行自秋蓉2012514062132012级对外汉语摘要:佛教在东南亚的盛行以及在东南亚盛行的原因。关键词:大小乘佛教、缅甸、泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、越南等东南亚国家一、 东南亚的佛教 佛教传入东南亚,最早的地区应在今日下缅甸之卑寮或泰国中部之佛统。古代东南亚佛教,小乘和大乘彼此兴废交替,以南传上座部势力较大。西元七世纪末,下缅甸、泰国中部信仰上座部;爪哇、苏门答腊则在婆罗门教支配下。十二世纪,锡兰大力改革佛教,统归为大寺之上座部佛教。此后二百年,缅甸、泰国、高棉、寮国均弘扬以锡兰为传承之上座部佛教。越南受中国文化影响,受传大乘佛教。至于马来西亚、爪哇、苏门答腊则始终婆罗门教、大乘、小乘佛教并行。 东南亚佛教是以南传上座部为主的佛教。信教群众主要分布于老挝、柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸、印度尼西亚,以及越南中、南部的部分地区。据记载,公元纪年前后,南传上座部佛教已经在东南亚地区流行。公元2世纪到6世纪,南传上座部佛教已经成为东南亚地区最主要的宗教。但不可否认的是,比佛教传入更早的婆罗门教,在经过与佛教文字并存和融和的阶段之后,虽为佛教所取代,但对佛教的影响仍然存在。在东南亚佛教中,很多的佛教名胜和佛教仪式都带有一定的婆罗门教的影子,譬如婆罗浮屠、吴哥寺、薄甘王朝的塔寺等。公元10世纪以后,由于南传上座部佛教受到大部分东南亚国家封建领主的推崇和提倡,佛教也被尊为国教,上座部佛教流传的地区几乎都是全民信教的地区。同时,南传上座部佛教也为东南亚文化的发展做出了贡献,各地信教群众根据巴利语音序创立本民族文字,用以写定音译巴利三藏典籍。从公元18世纪到现代,以泰语、缅甸语、高棉语和老挝语为主的的巴利三藏音译编纂工作逐渐完备,使的东南亚佛教得以更加广泛地流传。二、东南亚佛教盛行的原因东南亚佛教盛行局面的形成有长期的历史积淀。1、东南亚的地理位置优势为佛教的传入提供了优越的条件。东南亚地区处在印度洋与太平洋的交接地带与印度半岛隔海相望,交通便利,经济文化交流来往密切。因而佛教得以从印度传入斯里兰卡,再从斯里兰卡传入缅甸、泰国、老挝、柬埔寨等国。东南亚的佛教以南传上座部佛教为主。越南的佛教以大乘佛教为主,佛教约于公元2世纪由中国传入越南,公元10世纪至14世纪是越南佛教发展史上的鼎盛期。公元初期,大乘佛教和婆罗门叫一度流行与老挝南部。14世纪中叶,柬埔寨的两名高僧将上座部佛教传入老挝,当时的老挝国王法昂王尊奉佛教为国教,老挝的佛教得到了广泛的流传。柬埔寨在公元前1世纪称为扶南国,而在公元初印度教和上不座佛教就已传入扶南。公元3世纪左右,从中印两国传入大乘佛教,到6世纪时,扶南已成为东南亚佛教中心。公元前3世纪前后,佛教传入缅甸、泰国等中南半岛地区。公元4至11世纪,大乘佛教在泰国北部、中部盛行。公元前7世纪至13世纪,大乘密教曾在泰国流传。公元11世纪,缅甸和斯里兰卡的上座部佛教先后传入泰国。11世纪中期,蒲甘王朝统的阿奴律陀统一缅甸后,从斯里兰卡引入了上座部佛教,并尊崇佛教为国教,缅甸开始成为清一色的上座部佛教的国家。2、历史上东南亚各国家统治阶级对佛教的推崇是其在东南亚兴盛的重要原因。例如,越南在公元16至17世纪,越南出现了南北封建割据的局面北方的郑氏与南方的阮氏试图重建佛教以赢得民心,佛教开始复兴。16世纪中期老挝,在国王昭塞塔罗多的扶持下,老挝成为东南亚佛教中心之一。17世纪中叶,国王苏里亚旺萨在位期间,老挝佛教进入全盛时期。13世纪泰国素可泰王朝第三代国王兰摩甘亨确立上部座佛教为国教。14世纪后,阿瑜陀耶王朝和曼谷王朝的历代统治者都笃信佛教,以不同的方式扶持佛教的发展。朱拉隆功国王执政后,继续推进宗教改革制度。1902年《佛教制度法》出台,新的佛教制度在泰国被正式的确定下来。缅甸,在11世纪至13世纪的蒲甘王朝是缅甸佛教发展的黄金时期。经过几代王朝的悉心护法,传教长老的竭力弘法上座部佛教在全面发扬光大。13世纪后期至19世纪中叶时期是缅甸佛教大发展的时期。上部座佛教经过蒲甘王朝的辉煌后继续蓬勃发展。13世纪后,佛教上部座在东南亚大陆确立为占主导地位的宗教表现形式,穿橘色袈裟的僧侣在缅甸、泰国、老挝、柬埔寨普遍存在。3、近代东南亚地区各国的民族解放运动推动了小乘佛教的发展。例如,20世纪初,尤其在1930年后,随着老挝民族解放运动高潮的到来,老挝佛教开始复兴。20世纪初期,柬埔寨人民在反抗法国殖民主义的解放运动中,虽然许多佛寺收到破坏,但佛教仍有一定的发展。成立于1933年的泰国佛家协议,现在全国已有70多个分会,该会以弘扬佛法为宗旨,专门成立自愿的弘法团,到全国各地宣扬佛法。综上所述,东南亚地区佛教的盛行并不是一帆风顺的,受到内外各因素的影响,但佛教最终还是在这一地区得以继续存在并发展。佛教在东南亚盛行也是诸多因素综合的结果。佛教文化也是东南亚人民传承下来的宝贵的文化遗产,同时也促进了佛教文化的传播。参考资料:《东南亚概论》中国出版集团 祁广谋、钟智翔主编三亿文库包含各类专业文献、外语学习资料、生活休闲娱乐、幼儿教育、小学教育、各类资格考试、文学作品欣赏、高等教育、专业论文、39佛教为什么能在东南亚盛行等内容。

很多人都说因果,什么是因果呢?简单的说就是一个人无论做什么事,不管是善事,恶事,都会有相应的,同等大小的事情回报这个人,只是一个时间的问题。短时期的回报是现世现报,长的便要穿越轮回了。 有的人这一生忙忙碌碌,因为某个机缘中终于能够听闻佛法,或者听闻轮回因果之学说。深感有理,便决定专心修练,修持自己。即便不能修行的也能够做好人,不会去有意伤害别人。但是不管怎样,他都在有意无意的受益。 其实这个问题不是特别想说,因为也没有什么可说的。但是有个师兄,他曾经遇到这样的问题。什么问题呢?就是他听闻因果学说后一直在做好人,从他的话语中能够看到他不去有意的伤害别人,语气和善,他已经尽自己的努力做了很多。但是在和他聊天的时候很埋怨的对我说,“我都这样做了,怎么还会生病呢?怎么还会有那么多的不快呢?怎么还会有那么多的麻烦呢?你说的都是骗人的。我还要做我原来的自己。想怎么就怎么。”他在怪我说的都是骗人的,呵呵,我只是想笑。其实人有多少恶业谁能够知道呢?生生世世的轮回是否有过杀人害命谁知道呢?即便是这一生因为矛盾,利益,口角,争斗,造下多少恶业谁又能够知道呢?谁又知道这些恶业要用什么样的代价来偿还呢?这都不是人所能知的。现在一些人因为知道因果少做了些错事,但是现在的人们道德沦丧的到了一个极致,人无善念,处处都在造业,步步都在偿还只是人不觉得。什么吸毒,乱性,黑社会,每一项都是罪不容恕啊。 现在人们亵渎神佛,以好为坏,不分是非,善恶不辨,造下恶业而不知。现在的怪病,癌症,瘟疫,天灾人祸几乎关系到每个人,但是谁又知道为什么呢?生活中遇到一些矛盾了,得点小病了受不了了,还要为所欲为,没有 善念 的约束,这样下去就面临可怕的结果!作为一个修行者对世人只能够劝善,不会强制任何人做什么,因为强制改变不了人心。强为那就是做坏事了。至于说被劝的人听与不听都是自己的事情,人要怎么做,选择什么也是人自己的事情。但是奉劝人们要好自为之,不要心无善念的为所欲为,那将遇到的就不只是小病小灾了,而是要命的事了。 天灾人祸人不知, 只觉无常似有常。 人生不快非坏事, 业尽甘来心舒畅。更多有缘到神智慧网看吧 (神州 智慧 网责任编辑:yingshi)

可以研究佛教的发展历史,这样是对自己帮助最大的。可以看《印度佛教史》英渥德尔

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