食品类的论文题目大全高中生英语作文

食品类的论文题目大全高中生英语作文

Food Safety In recent years ，more and more people pay attention to the food safety With the improvement of our living standards，people are increasingly concerned about their diet，but the food safety issues turn out frequently，like the Melamine There are several reasons accounting for this Among all the reasons， the preference of factories plays the more important In order to gain more benefits ，many factories ignore the safety of food but use the chemical Bisides， consumer konwledge about food safety lacking lead to the food safety In my opinion，our country should make relevant laws to specificate the food production At the same time ，our consumers should learn more knowledge about food

In the weekend， my friends and I decided to go to the park and have a picnic， to celebrate the end of We walked there since it wasn't very far and just as we were going to unpack the food， it started to So in the end we all decided to go to my house， and had our picnic food Then we watched some Japanese animes， though it was rather boring as we've seen it all a dozen But there was really nothing else to At 5 o' clock， my friends went home with their That weekend was the worst one in my Last weekend， I was about to go outside to play when I saw my mother is busy with housework She looked so tired， and I felt Therefore I made a determination to share housework with I was about to wash the clothes when my friend called me up and asked me to play with I told her that I would go on the condition that completing my Then I go on washing Only then did I realized it was such a tiring thing to wash clothes， and how tired my mother While my mother not only worked outside but also took the responsibility of our housework inside， however，she has never complainted about After washing I felt tired though ，my mother praised me ，and said that I was a good I felt

As we all known，food safety problems are more and more popular in our country，because more cases about food safety problem have Firstly，As the old saying goes，the food is what matters to the Food plays an important role in people's So food safety influences people's health and Secondly，some producers only think about earning money without thinking about ensuring food hey produce unqualified Thirdly，some food supervisory departpents don't perform their duty This behavior make some producer ignore the safety of If we want to solve problems that is illustrated former，we must call on the supervisory department to manage the food And the producers must paly their Lastly，we hope that there is law that punish illegal In recent years， China’s food industry occurs security issus frequently， which makes people worried and lose Food safety， related to the people’s health， safety and healthy development of economy， is the major issue of national stability and social Since the Sanlu Incident occurred in 2008， the entire society increasingly concerned about food safety It was in this context that the food safety issue was referred to an unprecedented 近几年，中国食品工业经常发生安全问题，这使得人们很担忧并失去了信心。食品安全与人们的健康，安全以及经济的健康发展息息相关，是国家稳定和社会发展的主要问题。自2008年三鹿事件发生以来，全社会对食品安全问题的关注越来越高。正是在这种情况下，食品安全问题被提到了一个空前的水平。There are the following main issues in food security: using poor quality raw materials in the food manufacturing process， adding toxic substances， excessive use of food additives， abusing of chemical additives and so There are many reasons to cause this problem， and regulators， producers and even consumers share The entire society should try effort to avoid food safety 食品安全主要存在以下问题：在生产食品过程使用劣质的原材料，添加有毒物质，过量使用防腐剂，滥用化学添加剂等等。引起这一问题的原因有很多，监管者，生产者甚至是消费者都有责任。全社会应该尽力避免食品安全问题。

the problem of food securityNowadays，there is an increasing number of problem in the food security aspect，such as the swill-cooked dirty oil and the milk Because of last year's Sanlun scandal， food safety become a hot topic and how can we prevent another milk scandal?In my opinion，it is the lack of credit that lead to the serious problem of food We should strengthen the propaganda and education so that we can enhance people's safety consciousness and change their moral Besides，we should strengthen the legal system and the supervision of food security Only in this way can we live a healthier and happier

食品类的论文题目大全高中生英语

Evaluation of solubilized proteins as an alternative to phosphates for meat enhancemen溶液化的蛋白质的评估作为对磷酸盐的一个选择肉改进的

Annex 3: Agricultural Policy and Food Security in China中国农业政策与食品安全--------------------------------------------------------------------------------IntroductionFood security and the performance of the agricultural sectorAgricultural development strategy， policies and food securityChina's food economy prospectsIssues and challengesConcluding RemarksReferences--------------------------------------------------------------------------------IntroductionChina's effort to produce enough to feed its growing population has long been It feeds over one-fifth of the world's population with only one-fifteenth of the world's arable In recent history， China has either exported food or imported relatively China was a net exporter of food， even of grain， in the Although China became a net importer of grain in the 1960s， the share of net imports to total domestic consumption was Net import shares reached approximately three percent in the early reform period (1978-84)， then declined to approximately one percent in the following period (1985-90) China has since become a net grain exporter， except in 1995 when it had a record level grain imports of nearly 20 million Net exports between 1992 and 1994 were over 5 million tons While China's grain imports may grow slightly in the coming decades， the nation has developed a strong position as a net exporter of food (both grain and non grain) in value terms by exporting high value-added foodstuff including livestock products and other processed foods during the reform Net food exports grew to 3 billion US dollars in 1985 and peaked at 3 billion dollars in 1993， from a state of balanced trade (in value terms) in 1980 (China Customs Statistics)China's future food security， however， is a subject of growing First， although China's food production has grown over the last several decades， year-to-year fluctuations of food supply and prices are Market stabilization and food price inflation have been among the major targets of government policy since the late The Chinese government considers maintaining a comparatively high level of food self-sufficiency， avoiding supply shocks， and stabilizing consumer prices， a matter of national security and stability:Only when the Chinese people are free from food availability and stability of food supply worries can they concentrate on and support the current reform， thus ensuring a sustained， rapid and healthy development of the economy (The State Council， 1996)To this end， the government recently adopted measures to stabilize domestic food supply and stabilize the market - these measures include administrative and economic intervention in food distribution and marketing systems， national and local food reserve schemes， price regulations， international trade， factor markets， and rural infrastructure Secondly， food security and access to food are mainly poverty Although national economic growth is strong， it is uneven across Farmer's incomes in the central and eastern regions of China continue to grow more rapidly than those in the west and Income inequality among regions， between rural and urban areas， and within regions continues to grow (MOA， 1997) In the early 1980s， tremendous progress was made in addressing China's poverty problem， mainly due to the government's rural reform However， this progress has slowed down over the past ten Finally， China's food supply availability could be a major food security issue in the coming decades if policies were not formulated in the right Worldwide， food production growth rates have outpaced population growth in recent decades， implying increased food availability per Furthermore， the decline of real food and feed grain prices internationally over the same period implies that supply increases have exceeded increased However， the situation differs from country to China faces the great challenge of feeding its growing population with declining land， water， and other food production resources， and increasing opportunity cost of labor and domestic food production Food supply availability in China is important not only because it concerns a large proportion of the world's population and consumption， but also because rapid industrialization has led to competition for resources between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors， strong income growth， rapid urbanization， and population All of these stimulate demand for agricultural Government officials and scholars have focused food economy and food security concerns on the grain economy because grain (both food and feedgrain) is a major component of China's food Historically， grain fundamentalism， the provision of adequate cereal grain supplies at low stable prices to urban residents， has been an overriding government Recurring food shortages， particularly the famine of the early 1960s， increased the official desire for assured and secure grain This concern， coupled with rapidly increasing urbanization， domestic infrastructure and transport constraints， domestic grain price spikes in 1994/1995， Brown's 1995 prediction that China will become an importer of massive amounts of grain in the next few decades， the weaknesses of the fiscal system in the provision of public goods (particular agricultural research and extension)， has attracted worldwide attention in the past 4 A number of recent studies conducted by both domestic and international organizations have led to a consensus that while the increases in China's grain imports will be marginal and the nation will remain at a high level of food self-sufficiency in the coming decades， China's long-term food security is an issue of both national and international The sheer size of China's economy and its rapid growth will make China a crucial influence in the future development of world markets for inputs and outputs of food and agricultural products， agribusiness， and Along with this growth is its gradual progress toward market-orientation and global integration， urbanization， the shift of comparative advantage from agriculture to other sectors， and dietary Small adjustments to China's food supply and demand， agricultural input demand shifts， and the Chinese government's selection of food security policy will each have large effects on world agricultural This paper evaluates China's food security situation， reviews the performance of the food and agricultural sector， considers the role of food policies， particularly the most recent price and marketing reform policies， in improving the food situation， and identifies key issues related to food security which require further The next section reviews previous achievements and sources of growth in agricultural production and food The third section analyzes current government policies and programmes and their impacts on agricultural production and food The fourth section predicts the shape of China's food economy over the next three decades; while the fifth section discusses the major challenges and constraints to agricultural production and food Concrete measures and options towards sustainable agricultural growth and food production are suggested in the final Food security and the performance of the agricultural sector--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Food security: an overviewSummary of China's approaches to improved food securityOther issuesChanging role of agriculture in the economyAgricultural production growth--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Food security: an overviewChina's ability to feed over one-fifth of the world's population with only seven percent of the world's arable land is widely China， with more than 23 billion people in 1997， is the world's most populous Its experience demonstrates the importance of technological development， institutional change， improved incentives， and rural development among other policies in improving food security with limited natural Availability of foodChina's per capita food availability and consumption have increased over the last several Average per capita food availability has grown from less than 1700 kcal in 1960 to 2570 kcal per day in 1995 (Table 1)[19] Increased domestic production is almost solely responsible for increased food Protein intake and fat consumption per capita per day increased over the same period， from 42 grams to 70 grams， and 17 grams to 45 grams， Both figures exceed average nutrient availability in countries with comparable per capita GNP Nutritional composition changes of Chinese diets are consistent with growing income (Table 1) Nutrient sources are a powerful indicator of the population's economic In low income countries， the average diet includes a high percentage of nutrients from crops， while a typical developed country diet includes a relatively high percentage of nutrients from animal In China， traditional diets were typically based on cereals， vegetables， and small quantities of meat and Consumption of relatively expensive non-cereal food items， particularly livestock products and fish， have increased with rapid increases in per capita income， urbanization， and market expansion (Huang and Bouis， 1996)Aggregate household food securityAggregate household food security has improved According to the FAO's WFS (1996)， Chinese household food security， as measured by the aggregate household food security index (AHFSI) and the level of food inadequacy， follow overall national The AHFSI increased from a low level of 70 percent in 1969-71 to a relatively high level of nearly 80 percent in 1990-92， while food inadequacy declined from slightly over 14 percent to approximately 3 percent in the same Table Nutrient availabilityYearEnergy(kcal)Protein(grams)Fat(grams)Crop ProductsAnimal ProductsEnergy(%)Protein(%)Fat(%)Energy(%)Protein(%)Fat(%)196016764217979376372419702087532396936747331980247064329490606104019902505683791865591445199525707045888151121949Table Per capita daily nutrient intake by income group in sample provinces， Income groupSichuanNingxiaHebeiZhejiangGuangdongBeijingEnergy intake (kcal)Average233524022227246024252309Poorest 10%18891819197019712129196010% - 25%20682142209322172174185525% - 50%22712319220123142191209150% - 75%24852480225625592583237175% - 90%260626422284271125322605Richest 10%285230742559298327972972Protein intake (g)A1Poorest 10%910% - 25%025% - 50%050% - 75%375% - 90%2Richest 10%5Fat intake (g)A5Poorest 10%510% - 25%425% - 50%150% - 75%575% - 90%6Richest 10%9Annual per capita income (yuan)Average55864365899110271270Poorest 10%25123020429943348810% - 25%34732134950862470525% - 50%443457499739809101250% - 75%57968669210581075134675% - 90%756975948145714331748Richest 10%111513951453216320332633Household food security by income groupTables 2， 3， and 4 show household nutrient intake and source by income group based on a food and nutrition survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Preventative Medicine (CAPM) and the State Statistical Bureau (SSB) in 1990， Tables 5 and 6 show the physical development of children and equity as well as poverty in the rural China based on a food consumption and expenditure survey conducted by the SSB for the years 1978- Nutrient intake varies greatly across income groups， although average per capita energy intake in all sample provinces topped 2200 kcal (Table 2) Daily energy intake of the 25% of the population with annual per capita income less than 500- 700 yuan (level varies by province) was below 2200 Energy intake of the poorest 10 percent was only 82 percent of the sample Protein and fat intakes decline as income falls in a similar Table Sources of energy by income group in China's sample provinces，

食品类的论文题目大全高中生英语版

这里有一个很不错的食品安全教育网站可供你参考（见参考资料链接）下面是一些相关的文章：_Sfm这些已经足够你看和参考了

你说的是西方的饮食资料吗？我这里有一些，不知道有没有用~餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。 这里简要从下面三个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。 一、两种不同的饮食观念 对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。这一饮食观念同西方整个哲学体系是相适应的。形而上学是西方哲学的主要特点。西方哲学所研究的对象为事物之理，事物之理常为形上学理，形上学理互相连贯，便结成形上哲学。这一哲学给西方文化带来生机，使之在自然科学上、心理学上、方法论上实现了突飞猛进的发展。但在另一些方面，这种哲学主张大大地起了阻碍作用，如饮食文化。在宴席上，可以讲究餐具，讲究用料，讲究服务，讲究菜之原料的形、色方面的搭配；但不管怎么豪华高档，从洛杉矶到纽约，牛排都只有一种味道，无艺术可言。作为菜肴，鸡就是鸡，牛排就是牛排，纵然有搭配，那也是在盘中进行的，一盘“法式羊排”，一边放土豆泥，旁倚羊排，另一边配煮青豆，加几片番茄便成。色彩上对比鲜明，但在滋味上各种原料互不相干、调和，各是各的味，简单明了。 中国人是很重视“吃”的，“民以食为天”这句谚语就说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要。由于我们这个民族几千年来都处于低下的生产力水平，人们总是吃不饱，所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的饮食文化，我想，这大概是出于一种生存需要吧。如果一种文化把吃看成首要的事，那么就会出现两种现象：一方面会把这种吃的功能发挥到极致，不仅维持生存，也利用它维持健康，这也就是”药补不如食补”的文化基础；另一方面，对吃的过份重视，会使人推崇对美味的追求。 在中国的烹调术中，对美味追求几乎达到极致，以至中国人到海外谋生，都以开餐馆为业，成了我们在全世界安身立命的根本！遗憾的是，当我们把追求美味作为第一要求时，我们却忽略了食物最根本的营养价值，我们的很多传统食品都要经过热油炸和长时间的文火饨煮，使菜肴的营养成分受到破坏，许多营养成分都损失在加工过程中了。因而一说到营养问题，实际上就触及到了中国饮食文化的最大弱点。民间有句俗话：“民以食为天，食以味为先”。就是这种对美味的追求，倒使我们忽略了吃饭的真正意义。 中国人在品尝菜肴时，往往会说这盘菜“好吃”，那道菜“不好吃”；然而若要进一步问一下什么叫“好吃”，为什么“好吃”，“好吃”在哪里，恐怕就不容易说清楚了。这说明，中国人对饮食追求的是一种难以言传的“意境”，即使用人们通常所说的“色、香、味、形、器”来把这种“境界”具体化，恐怕仍然是很难涵盖得了的。 中国饮食之所以有其独特的魅力，关键就在于它的味。而美味的产生，在于调和，要使食物的本味，加热以后的熟味，加上配料和辅料的味以及调料的调和之味，交织融合协调在一起，使之互相补充，互助渗透，水乳交融，你中有我，我中有你。中国烹饪讲究的调和之美，是中国烹饪艺术的精要之处。菜点的形和色是外在的东西，而味却是内在的东西，重内在而不刻意修饰外表，重菜肴的味而不过分展露菜肴的形和色，这正是中国美性饮食观的最重要的表现。 在中国，饮食的美性追求显然压倒了理性，这种饮食观与中国传统的哲学思想也是吻合的。作为东方哲学代表的中国哲学，其显著特点是宏观、直观、模糊及不可捉摸。中国菜的制作方法是调和鼎鼐，最终是要调和出一种美好的滋味。这一讲究的就是分寸，就是整体的配合。它包含了中国哲学丰富的辩证法思想，一切以菜的味的美好、谐调为度，度以内的千变万化就决定了中国菜的丰富和富于变化，决定了中国菜菜系的特点乃至每位厨师的特点。 二、中西饮食对象的差异 西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。 据西方的植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多六倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便有“菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。他们视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，主张素食主义。 西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好，故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮：高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉；而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。 三、饮食方式的不同 中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。 西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比，那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式宴会交谊的目的都很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之间的交谊。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是：将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。 所以，归根结底还是感性与理性之间的差异。但是，这种差异似乎在随着科学的发展而变的模糊。越来越多的中国人以不再只注重菜的色、香、味，而更注重它的卫生与营养了。尤其是在经历了非典以后。还有，人们因为越来越繁忙的工作，觉得中餐做起来太麻烦，不如来个汉堡方便等。这样一来在饮食上差异也就不太分明了。

食品类的论文题目大全高中英语

嚯嚯，现在的大学生啊！怪不得出来工作都难找，关键就是你们缺乏思考与创新。你应该自己去查找文献，自己思考问题和解决问题，必要时可以让同学和导师帮忙你。 其实真正的做好一篇毕业论文，让你的知识受益匪浅。加油！！！

毕业论文的题目主要涉及食品质量与安全食品检验。保证市流通消费领域食品安全现状及对策的研究，第三消费者，食品安心安全指数的编制，第四呢，我国食品安全问题原因及对策的分析，第5个是论警察全在食品安全管理中的运用，还可以写网络食品销售安全监管存在的问题和及时的对策。

食品类论文题目大全高中英语

可以去参考社会科学前沿或者食品与营养科学

食品营养学论文 在 轻风论文网 很多的哦，之前我就找上面的 老师帮忙指导的。相对于网上很多个人和小机构要好很多，我之前找的 轻风论文 王老师咨询的，非常专业的说这里还有些资 料，你看看小麦抗禾谷缢管蚜的生理机制研究生化特性是植物抗虫性的类重要基础，不但直接影响 昆虫的食物营养与消化性、昆虫取食定向性、栖居和产卵，还间接影响其他特征 。小麦体内的生 化物质是小麦品种抗蚜性的主要因素。在研究小麦的抗蚜性中，对于各种生化物质在品种抗蚜性 中作用的深入研究，无疑会给小麦抗蚜育种开辟更广阔的前景。本研以利用 不同抗性级别的材料做试材， 以小麦禾谷缢管蚜为生物刺激因子，人工建立小麦——蚜虫中 间小生态系统，通过对小麦不同品种接虫前后的几个生化指标(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、三种酶和总酚的初步测定分析，来探究小麦 被害初期小麦体内生化活性变化规律，以进一步探讨小麦对蚜虫的生化抗性反不同抗蚜小麦品种营养物质与抗蚜性的关系采用蒽酮比色法和考马斯亮蓝法测定了不同小品种可溶 性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。结果表明，在小麦禾谷缢管蚜刺吸为害小麦5d内5个品种营养物质变化如下:所有品种的可溶性糖含量比对照都有所下降，但品种抗性越低，可溶性糖含量下幅度越大The biochemical charateristic is a kind of important foundation to resist Not only affects food nutrition， the digest aility， the food directing propert， dwelling and spawning of insects， but also affects other characteristics All kids of biochemical material in wheat are primary factor of anti-aphis herefore during studying on wheat’s anti-aphis process， each biochemical substance whch affects in different anti-aphis varieties should be study It is no doubt those can ive anti-aphis breding on wheat a broader This research ses the different resistant rank the material as the experimental object不懂的你上 轻风论文网自己看吧

最好去学校图书馆或省市图书馆上网进论文库查询以往论文以作参考

略谈中西方饮食文化差异 餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。 这里简要从下面三个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。 一、两种不同的饮食观念 对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。这一饮食观念同西方整个哲学体系是相适应的。形而上学是西方哲学的主要特点。西方哲学所研究的对象为事物之理，事物之理常为形上学理，形上学理互相连贯，便结成形上哲学。这一哲学给西方文化带来生机，使之在自然科学上、心理学上、方法论上实现了突飞猛进的发展。但在另一些方面，这种哲学主张大大地起了阻碍作用，如饮食文化。在宴席上，可以讲究餐具，讲究用料，讲究服务，讲究菜之原料的形、色方面的搭配；但不管怎么豪华高档，从洛杉矶到纽约，牛排都只有一种味道，无艺术可言。作为菜肴，鸡就是鸡，牛排就是牛排，纵然有搭配，那也是在盘中进行的，一盘“法式羊排”，一边放土豆泥，旁倚羊排，另一边配煮青豆，加几片番茄便成。色彩上对比鲜明，但在滋味上各种原料互不相干、调和，各是各的味，简单明了。 中国人是很重视“吃”的，“民以食为天”这句谚语就说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要。由于我们这个民族几千年来都处于低下的生产力水平，人们总是吃不饱，所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的饮食文化，我想，这大概是出于一种生存需要吧。如果一种文化把吃看成首要的事，那么就会出现两种现象：一方面会把这种吃的功能发挥到极致，不仅维持生存，也利用它维持健康，这也就是”药补不如食补”的文化基础；另一方面，对吃的过份重视，会使人推崇对美味的追求。 在中国的烹调术中，对美味追求几乎达到极致，以至中国人到海外谋生，都以开餐馆为业，成了我们在全世界安身立命的根本！遗憾的是，当我们把追求美味作为第一要求时，我们却忽略了食物最根本的营养价值，我们的很多传统食品都要经过热油炸和长时间的文火饨煮，使菜肴的营养成分受到破坏，许多营养成分都损失在加工过程中了。因而一说到营养问题，实际上就触及到了中国饮食文化的最大弱点。民间有句俗话：“民以食为天，食以味为先”。就是这种对美味的追求，倒使我们忽略了吃饭的真正意义。 中国人在品尝菜肴时，往往会说这盘菜“好吃”，那道菜“不好吃”；然而若要进一步问一下什么叫“好吃”，为什么“好吃”，“好吃”在哪里，恐怕就不容易说清楚了。这说明，中国人对饮食追求的是一种难以言传的“意境”，即使用人们通常所说的“色、香、味、形、器”来把这种“境界”具体化，恐怕仍然是很难涵盖得了的。 中国饮食之所以有其独特的魅力，关键就在于它的味。而美味的产生，在于调和，要使食物的本味，加热以后的熟味，加上配料和辅料的味以及调料的调和之味，交织融合协调在一起，使之互相补充，互助渗透，水乳交融，你中有我，我中有你。中国烹饪讲究的调和之美，是中国烹饪艺术的精要之处。菜点的形和色是外在的东西，而味却是内在的东西，重内在而不刻意修饰外表，重菜肴的味而不过分展露菜肴的形和色，这正是中国美性饮食观的最重要的表现。 在中国，饮食的美性追求显然压倒了理性，这种饮食观与中国传统的哲学思想也是吻合的。作为东方哲学代表的中国哲学，其显著特点是宏观、直观、模糊及不可捉摸。中国菜的制作方法是调和鼎鼐，最终是要调和出一种美好的滋味。这一讲究的就是分寸，就是整体的配合。它包含了中国哲学丰富的辩证法思想，一切以菜的味的美好、谐调为度，度以内的千变万化就决定了中国菜的丰富和富于变化，决定了中国菜菜系的特点乃至每位厨师的特点。 二、中西饮食对象的差异 西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。 据西方的植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多六倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便有“菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。他们视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，主张素食主义。 西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好，故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮：高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉；而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。 三、饮食方式的不同 中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。 西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比，那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式宴会交谊的目的都很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之间的交谊。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是：将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。 所以，归根结底还是感性与理性之间的差异。但是，这种差异似乎在随着科学的发展而变的模糊。越来越多的中国人以不再只注重菜的色、香、味，而更注重它的卫生与营养了。尤其是在经历了非典以后。还有，人们因为越来越繁忙的工作，觉得中餐做起来太麻烦，不如来个汉堡方便等。这样一来在饮食上差异也就不太分明了。