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跨文化交际论文3000字英文版读后感

发布时间:2024-07-06 02:51:41

跨文化交际论文3000字英文版读后感

中文:文化差异影响跨文化交际  随着价值观与道德标准、社会关系、社会礼仪和社会风俗等方面,即西方文化主张个人荣誉、自我中心、创新 精神和个性自由,而中国文化主张谦虚谨慎、无私奉献、中庸之道和团结协作;西方人平等意识较强、家庭结 构简单,由父母以及未成年子女组成核心家庭;而中国人等级观念较强,家庭结构较复杂,传统的幸福家庭多 为四代同堂等。  在跨文化交际中,由于文化障碍而导致的信息误解,甚至伤害对方的现象屡见不鲜。有时善意的言谈会使 对方尴尬无比,礼貌的举止会被误解为荒诞粗俗。因此,研究文化差异,研究正确的跨文化交际行为已成为不 可忽视的问题。  在中国,对别人的健康状况表示关心是有教养、有礼貌的表现。但对西方人的健康表示关心,就不能按中 国的传统方式了。一个中国学生得知其美籍教师生病后,会关切地说“you should go to see a doctor!(你 应该到医院看看)”。不料,这句体贴的话反而使这位教师很不高兴。因为在这位教师看来,有病看医生这种 简单的事情连小孩都知道,用不着任何人来指教。如果就某种小事给人以忠告,那显然是对其能力的怀疑,从 而大大伤害其自尊心。  中国人在饭桌上的热情好客经常被西方人误解为不文明的行为。因西方人认为:客人吃多吃少完全由自己 决定,用不着主人为他加菜添酒;而且饮食过量是极不体面的事情,因此客人吃饭后,主人不必劝他再吃。一 位美国客人看到中国主人不断地给他挟菜很不安,事后他抱怨说“主人把我当猪一样看待”。  中国人路遇熟人时,往往会无所顾忌地说:“啊呀,老兄,你近来又发福了!”或者以关切的口吻说:“ 老兄,你又瘦了,要注意身体啊!”而西方人若听你说“you are fat”或“you are so thin”,即使比较熟 悉,也会感到尴尬和难以答。  从以上例子不难看出:文化障碍的确会影响跨文化交际。因此有必要研究不同文化间的差异。  Cultural differences affect cross-cultural communication  With values and ethical standards, social relations, social etiquette and social customs, and other aspects, that is, Western culture advocated personal honor, self-centeredness, innovative spirit, and individual freedom, and Chinese culture advocates modest and prudent, selfless dedication, and the doctrine of the mean and unity, cooperation ; Westerners strong sense of equality, the family structure is simple, by the parents and minor children of the nuclear family, while the Chinese hierarchy and stronger family structures more complicated, more traditional happy families for four generations, and so   In cross-cultural communication, because of cultural barriers and lead to misunderstanding of information, or even hurt each other's are common Sometimes goodwill remarks will embarrass the other side incomparable, appearance will be misunderstood as absurd Therefore, the study of cultural differences on the right of cross-cultural communication has become a problem that can not be   In China, others expressed concern about the health status of the cultured, polite But Westerners expressed concern about the health, we can not by the traditional Chinese A Chinese-American students know their teachers became ill, will concern, saying: "you should go to see a doctor! (You should see to the hospital)" Unexpectedly, this considerate words to the contrary, the teachers very Because in the view of teachers, sick to see a doctor this simple matter even children know, do not need anyone to If on some trivial advice to people it is clearly doubt their ability, thus greatly hurt their self-  Chinese people at the dinner table and the hospitality of Westerners often misunderstood as uncivilized For Westerners think: eat fewer guests to eat their own decision entirely, there is no need for him加菜Tim masters of wine; and excessive diet is extremely shameful thing, so after dinner guests, the owner advised him not A master of American guests to see China continue to Jiacai very disturbing to him after he complained that "the masters, like pigs when I look "  Chinese路遇acquaintances, often unscrupulous and said: "啊呀,老兄, you recently made a further blessing!" Or to the tone of concern, said: "老兄, you lost, we should pay attention to physical ah!" And the West if you listen to people say "you are fat" or "you are so thin," even more familiar with, will feel awkward and difficult FOR  It is easy to see from the above examples: cultural barriers will truly affect cross-cultural It is therefore necessary to study the differences between different

The Humor of Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见:Of all the novels that Jane Austen has written, critics consider Pride and Prejudice to be the most Humor can be found everywhere in the book; in it's character descriptions, imagery, but mostly in it's conversations between Her novels were not only her way of entertaining people but it was also a way to express her opinions and views on what surrounded her and affected Her novels were like Austen uses a variety of comic techniques to express her own view on characters, both in her book and in her society that she lived We, the readers are often the object of her ridicule, and Austen makes the readers view themselves in a way which makes it easy for the reader to laugh at She introduces caricatures and character foils to further show how ridiculous a character may Pride and Prejudice has many character foils to exaggerate a characters faults or Austen also uses irony quite often to inform the readers on her own personal The comic techniques caricatures, irony, and satire, not only helped to provide humor for Austen's readers, but they also helped Austen to give her own personal opinion on public When an action is exaggerated on stage by an actor, it becomes all the more noticeable to the An author can exaggerate a character in order to make fun of Austen exaggerates many of her characters and therefore makes caricatures of them in order to emphasize their M Bennet is such a Her extremely unpleasant manner and reactions causes readers to delight in the situations which M Bennet places herself M Bennet's harsh tongue and simple mind causes the reader to laugh, because it is so exaggerated that the reader thinks that such a person cannot M Collins is another exaggerated character in the But would such characters seem humorous without somebody to react to them? Not at Such exaggeration works only when you place them besides another character who seems very M Bennet is placed besides her husband to make her look all the more ridiculous and M Collins, when placed especially by Elizabeth, seems to be unbelievable at His proposal to Elizabeth would not be as humorous without Eliza's reaction and response to Therefore, caricature, the exaggeration of character is an essential tool to Austen as means of portraying irony in the Irony is an excellent way for authors to combine wit and drama at the same It works well in many parts of Pride and P Irony can be found in the gradual revelation of Darcy and Elizabeth's feelings for each It provides humor for the readers, yet at the same time, it revolves around the basic plot of the It is a great balance between ironic dialogue and movement towards the scenes in the climax of the novel, when the relationship is Another great example of her ironic wit can be found in the first chapter of the novel, when M Bennet and M Bennet discuss the new tenant of Netherfield Park, M B Every sentence of that conversation can come back to the opening line of the novel: "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a " (1) Now for this sentence, M Bennet begins by giving one definition of 'universally', while M Bennet gives "Is he married or single?" "Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune of four or five thousand a What a fine thing for our girls!" "How so? how can it affect them?" "My dear M Bennet," replied his wife, "how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of " "Is that his design in settling here?" "Design! nonsense, how can you talk so!" (2) MBennet's conversation is quite ironic and very satirical, because of his extreme politeness and playful innocence, which in result, upset M B That provides humor for the reader as a result of her dramatic M Bennet's character is not ironic in the least, but it is the blending of both characters that bring about the Such foils points out to the readers the ridiculousness of human Pride in Prejudice is also very rich in Satire, in it's simplest form, is a "wit, irony, or sarcasm, used for the purpose of exposing or discrediting vice or folly" Satire is commonly used for many reasons, including ridiculing public Austen disapproves of the way that public opinion always considers itself to be above all other She demonstrates the arrogance of public opinion in the matter with Darcy and the Darcy "drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien; and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared that he was much handsomer than M B"(7) The reasons which cause the ladies to consider him much handsomer than M Bingley is because his income is much more handsome as Public opinion considers Darcy to be a great man, simply on account of his large However, once public opinion hears of Darcy's pride and supposed arrogance, it immediately states that it knew M Darcy was a horrible man, and that it always assumed Elizabeth, throughout the majority of the novel, follows public opinion on the view of D She's simply a sheep, following the rest of the Austen demonstrates that public opinion is so quick to change minds that it often develops an opinion without informing itself of all the details or This becomes, to the readers, something to laugh at, although most readers do follow public opinion, one way or The great display caricatures, character foils, irony, and satire of provides humor for Austen's Many of the characters that Austen writes about are often subjects of The characters and situations that Austen enjoys satirizing were real for her in her time as However, the ultimate irony falls on us, Austen's readers, who laugh at Austen's We are the characters in the novel to Jane A We recognize ourselves in the characters that Austen enjoys It's that recognization of ourselves that we laugh at and what we find amusing is the fact that Austen makes us view ourselves this We laugh at our own

写作思路:首先提出跨文化交流的意义,提出跨文化交流的重要性,写到跨文化交流的解决办法与做法。跨文化交际是指将跨文化、商务、交际三个要素结合在一起, 进而演变成一个全新的文化领域。在当前的商务活动中, 跨文化交际通常包括跨文化的商务交际礼仪及商务人员的跨文化交际能力等, 其中商务人员的跨文化交际能力直接会影响到国际商务活动的开展, 面对的当前在国际商务中存在的跨文化交际问题需要国家有针对性的培养商务人员的跨文化商务交际能力, 保障商务活动的顺利开展。1、 跨文化交际在国际商务中的重要性国际商务是指在整个世界范围内的各种贸易交流的总和, 随着经济全球化趋势的不断加强以及国际市场的不断完善, 国际商务活动的开展在促进世界范围内经济共同发展上起到了巨大的作用。而且国际商务活动的开展给不同文化背景的国家和人们都提供了交流平台, 这种跨文化交流在实施过程中又进一步的促进了全国范围内的经济发展, 使其现代企业能够突破国内市场的桎梏, 继而在国际市场的舞台上大显身手, 实现自身企业的规模化发展以及可持续发展。同时, 现代企业在跨文化交流过程中也需要从同文化背景下的人们思想观念和行为方式出发, 全面提高跨文化交际能力, 为国际商务活动的开展奠定基础。国际商务跨文化交际问题与解决建议2、 在国际商务中存在的跨文化交际问题2。1、 跨文化交际中的语言差异问题。在国际商务的跨文化交际中, 各国之间的文化差异就是交际过程中面临的最大问题, 其中语言是国家文化的代表, 也是文化得以继续传承的重要载体, 其在跨文化交际中还承担着实现人们交流的重要功能, 可以说, 国际商务中的任何一项活动得到开展都需要语言作为依托, 同样, 语言的差异存在的交际问题也是当前跨文化交际中存在的最重要的问题。以中文和英文为例, 虽然在国际商务中翻译可以为交易双方提供方便, 但是中文的表达往往会比较委婉, 翻译并不能就中文所表达出的内涵意义进行分析, 相反的英文就会比较直接简单, 这就使得双方在交流过程中往往只会了解字面意思, 容易使双方对彼此表达的意思产生误解, 从而影响跨文化商务交际的顺利进行。2。2、 跨文化交际中的思维方式差异问题。思维方式是人们看待事物的角度、方式和方法的总和, 决定着人们思考问题的根本方法, 而在国际商务的跨文化交际中, 思维方式往往会直接影响交易者的行为方式。由于东、西方文化的差异较大, 其思维方式也存在较大的差异, 以中国为代表的东方文化主要是以形象思维为主体, 注重综合思维, 尤其喜欢迂回的方式, 而西方国家会比较注重分析思维, 偏向理性、逻辑和实证, 因而东方思维会偏向模糊, 西方则是偏向精确, 以上思维方式的差异会使得国际商务的开展存在交易上的阻碍。2。3、 跨文化交际中的价值观念差异问题。价值观念的不同会影响人们对同一商品的价值判断, 这也是影响国际商务活动的重要因素, 而且价值观念的不同使得交易双方极易在针对商品价值的制定以及合同的签订上出现分歧, 影响下一步的商务合作。2。4 、跨文化交际中的习俗差异问题。风俗习惯的差异不仅存在于各国之间, 同一国中也会因风俗习惯产生争议。而在国家上午中的跨文化交际中, 风俗习惯的不同极有可能会引发交易矛盾, 影响商务活动的开展, 不利于跨文化交际的顺利开展。3、 解决国际商务跨文化交际问题的建议在国际商务中, 各国之间由于政治背景、文化背景、经济背景等方面存在的差异导致跨文化交际出现各种各样的问题, 尤其是现代企业要想在国际市场上占据有利地位就必须要提高自身的跨文化交际能力, 商务人员的跨文化交际是国际商务活动开展得基础, 因而需要企业有针对性的培养商务人员的跨文化商务交际能力, 保障企业的国际商务活动顺利开展。3。1 、培养商务人员对不同国家文化的理解能力。国际商务中的跨文化交际问题无一例外都是因为国家所具备的不同文化, 因而在对上午人员的培养过程中首先就是要培养其对不同国家文化的理解能力, 使其能够理解并接受不同国家文化的差异。因而在培养过程中需要商务人员对不同的文化现象、模式及不同国家的文化差异有一定的观察力和理解力, 要求商务人员能熟练掌握不同国家的生活习俗、思维模式及社会价值观等。以便商务人员在国家商务的跨文化交际中能够根据不同国家不同地区的其文化背景适当的调节交际方法, 从而从实际出发去分析并解决问题。3。2、 提高商务人员对跨文化交际问题的解决能力。当出现跨文化交际问题时, 如果能够及时有效的解决问题也有可能力挽狂澜、扭转战局, 因而还需要提高商务人员对跨文化交际问题的解决能力。这就需要商务人员具有较好的应变能力, 根据实际情况采用妥协、竞争、回避等方法, 审时度势, 确保际商务跨文化交际能顺利的进行, 促进商务合作和交易。结语:综上所述, 跨文化交际是当前积极融入国际市场得重要手段, 在国际商务中所出现得跨文化交际问题在一定程度上阻碍了国际商务活动的开展, 不利于世界经济范围内的共同发展, 因此我国现代企业需要认清形势, 加大投入, 有针对性的提高商务人员的跨文化交际能力, 以便促进国际商务的顺利开展, 实现企业自身的可持续发展。

跨文化交际论文3000字英文版

我刚交了一篇,就给你吧,我们老师不怎么看的,采纳吧

年终评审就靠它了。。。。。

中文:文化差异影响跨文化交际  随着价值观与道德标准、社会关系、社会礼仪和社会风俗等方面,即西方文化主张个人荣誉、自我中心、创新 精神和个性自由,而中国文化主张谦虚谨慎、无私奉献、中庸之道和团结协作;西方人平等意识较强、家庭结 构简单,由父母以及未成年子女组成核心家庭;而中国人等级观念较强,家庭结构较复杂,传统的幸福家庭多 为四代同堂等。  在跨文化交际中,由于文化障碍而导致的信息误解,甚至伤害对方的现象屡见不鲜。有时善意的言谈会使 对方尴尬无比,礼貌的举止会被误解为荒诞粗俗。因此,研究文化差异,研究正确的跨文化交际行为已成为不 可忽视的问题。  在中国,对别人的健康状况表示关心是有教养、有礼貌的表现。但对西方人的健康表示关心,就不能按中 国的传统方式了。一个中国学生得知其美籍教师生病后,会关切地说“you should go to see a doctor!(你 应该到医院看看)”。不料,这句体贴的话反而使这位教师很不高兴。因为在这位教师看来,有病看医生这种 简单的事情连小孩都知道,用不着任何人来指教。如果就某种小事给人以忠告,那显然是对其能力的怀疑,从 而大大伤害其自尊心。  中国人在饭桌上的热情好客经常被西方人误解为不文明的行为。因西方人认为:客人吃多吃少完全由自己 决定,用不着主人为他加菜添酒;而且饮食过量是极不体面的事情,因此客人吃饭后,主人不必劝他再吃。一 位美国客人看到中国主人不断地给他挟菜很不安,事后他抱怨说“主人把我当猪一样看待”。  中国人路遇熟人时,往往会无所顾忌地说:“啊呀,老兄,你近来又发福了!”或者以关切的口吻说:“ 老兄,你又瘦了,要注意身体啊!”而西方人若听你说“you are fat”或“you are so thin”,即使比较熟 悉,也会感到尴尬和难以答。  从以上例子不难看出:文化障碍的确会影响跨文化交际。因此有必要研究不同文化间的差异。  Cultural differences affect cross-cultural communication  With values and ethical standards, social relations, social etiquette and social customs, and other aspects, that is, Western culture advocated personal honor, self-centeredness, innovative spirit, and individual freedom, and Chinese culture advocates modest and prudent, selfless dedication, and the doctrine of the mean and unity, cooperation ; Westerners strong sense of equality, the family structure is simple, by the parents and minor children of the nuclear family, while the Chinese hierarchy and stronger family structures more complicated, more traditional happy families for four generations, and so   In cross-cultural communication, because of cultural barriers and lead to misunderstanding of information, or even hurt each other's are common Sometimes goodwill remarks will embarrass the other side incomparable, appearance will be misunderstood as absurd Therefore, the study of cultural differences on the right of cross-cultural communication has become a problem that can not be   In China, others expressed concern about the health status of the cultured, polite But Westerners expressed concern about the health, we can not by the traditional Chinese A Chinese-American students know their teachers became ill, will concern, saying: "you should go to see a doctor! (You should see to the hospital)" Unexpectedly, this considerate words to the contrary, the teachers very Because in the view of teachers, sick to see a doctor this simple matter even children know, do not need anyone to If on some trivial advice to people it is clearly doubt their ability, thus greatly hurt their self-  Chinese people at the dinner table and the hospitality of Westerners often misunderstood as uncivilized For Westerners think: eat fewer guests to eat their own decision entirely, there is no need for him加菜Tim masters of wine; and excessive diet is extremely shameful thing, so after dinner guests, the owner advised him not A master of American guests to see China continue to Jiacai very disturbing to him after he complained that "the masters, like pigs when I look "  Chinese路遇acquaintances, often unscrupulous and said: "啊呀,老兄, you recently made a further blessing!" Or to the tone of concern, said: "老兄, you lost, we should pay attention to physical ah!" And the West if you listen to people say "you are fat" or "you are so thin," even more familiar with, will feel awkward and difficult FOR  It is easy to see from the above examples: cultural barriers will truly affect cross-cultural It is therefore necessary to study the differences between different

跨文化交际论文3000字英文版翻译

Western cross-cultural communication often appear in the cultural conflict Cross-cultural communication in the Central and Western appears in the culture there are many kinds of conflicts, and here we have only listed the more common of 1 privacy conflict China's concept of privacy has been relatively weak, and that the individual should be vested in the collective, with the stress unity, fraternity, mutual concern, therefore often very willing to understand other people's mixed, the other side is also willing to frankly相告 And the only way to show how care about each other when the other side real friends to Westerners, by contrast, they are very focus on privacy, and emphasize personal space, a strong sense of personal, not too many others to mention their own affairs, even more reluctant to let others Even more are close friends, they would talk Enough is Therefore, in both Chinese and Western on the issue of privacy often conflicts, such as: China's first meeting will often asked each other's age, marital status, children, occupation, income and even in the eyes of the Chinese people is an act of courtesy, but in the West think that the eyes of these issues a violation of their 2 hours of the conflict Western concept of time is very, very cherish their time in life tend to advance on the time made careful arrangements and plans, and develop a good habit of flying In the West, to visit someone, prior notice or agreement, and indicate the purpose of visit, time and place, the business will be conducted China's people are more accustomed to the time of the countries in the use of time is very arbitrary, as Westerners generally not as strict accordance with the plan, sometimes even met with others may be just a temporary decision or early half only hours, flying in the punctuality extent, the less stringent, a few minutes late is very common And the reason is a pretext for the sale, any traffic jam ah, what is happening at home from the provisional body can not ah, and so This area vary greatly with Westerners, Westerners are often able to meet this, it is difficult to However, the Chinese people have taken for granted, do not feel there is any 3 courtesy of the phrase conflict China has always been a more traditional areas of the China also has been modest attention in communication with the people, emphasizes "Belcher own statue," see this as a virtue, which is a rich Chinese cultural heritage, courtesy We commend the people, we tend to a self-criticism to show modest and This is particularly prominent in the name, such as on their own to others will be introduced his wife: "This is Jianna!" My son will be "Quanzi" and said that he is "I" and so But others call it is a light put words: your father's parents are Liantang, and the other is the son of the son, and so Them to as a courtesy, a courtesy, others under their own In particular, by praise or recognition, the Chinese people always like this sentence: "Where where your winning! When not afraid!" On the contrary, the Western countries have no such cultural practices, when they are praised, the Association is pleased to say "Thank you" acceptance of other people's Initial contact with the Chinese people may also think that this is a narcissism what? Westerners call expression and the Chinese seem to the contrary, the more intimate relationship, the more accustomed am having its Traveled around the United States in the "Family album USA," the grandson Robbie see Grandpa, called the "Voice of Grandpa," Grandpa immediately corrected to "Call me Malcolm" appears briefly Duida, yet they Jiesunlia to narrow the gap between the In the eyes of Chinese people, this is kind of great disrespect is absolutely not The difference between Chinese and Western cultures, we believe that the West is too self-confident, without modesty, and when Westerners have heard that the Chinese people to deny others their own tribute or hear their denial of their own achievements, even when their criticism of worthless , would be very surprised that the Chinese people

American culture The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓, 经营) and competition and the need of realistic and Its core is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self- This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect They have great sense in their hearts to praise success and Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans Americans have very strong senses of Success is the pursuit of most Americans, it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of super starts became modern The process and result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social cul ture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their American society has great movements within These movements are shown in two aspects: movements amongst locations and movements inside the The United States are relatively more open and have more Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty makes a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities, from downtown to uptown; and from north to the southern sunny land, from one city to

写作思路:首先提出跨文化交流的意义,提出跨文化交流的重要性,写到跨文化交流的解决办法与做法。跨文化交际是指将跨文化、商务、交际三个要素结合在一起, 进而演变成一个全新的文化领域。在当前的商务活动中, 跨文化交际通常包括跨文化的商务交际礼仪及商务人员的跨文化交际能力等, 其中商务人员的跨文化交际能力直接会影响到国际商务活动的开展, 面对的当前在国际商务中存在的跨文化交际问题需要国家有针对性的培养商务人员的跨文化商务交际能力, 保障商务活动的顺利开展。1、 跨文化交际在国际商务中的重要性国际商务是指在整个世界范围内的各种贸易交流的总和, 随着经济全球化趋势的不断加强以及国际市场的不断完善, 国际商务活动的开展在促进世界范围内经济共同发展上起到了巨大的作用。而且国际商务活动的开展给不同文化背景的国家和人们都提供了交流平台, 这种跨文化交流在实施过程中又进一步的促进了全国范围内的经济发展, 使其现代企业能够突破国内市场的桎梏, 继而在国际市场的舞台上大显身手, 实现自身企业的规模化发展以及可持续发展。同时, 现代企业在跨文化交流过程中也需要从同文化背景下的人们思想观念和行为方式出发, 全面提高跨文化交际能力, 为国际商务活动的开展奠定基础。国际商务跨文化交际问题与解决建议2、 在国际商务中存在的跨文化交际问题2。1、 跨文化交际中的语言差异问题。在国际商务的跨文化交际中, 各国之间的文化差异就是交际过程中面临的最大问题, 其中语言是国家文化的代表, 也是文化得以继续传承的重要载体, 其在跨文化交际中还承担着实现人们交流的重要功能, 可以说, 国际商务中的任何一项活动得到开展都需要语言作为依托, 同样, 语言的差异存在的交际问题也是当前跨文化交际中存在的最重要的问题。以中文和英文为例, 虽然在国际商务中翻译可以为交易双方提供方便, 但是中文的表达往往会比较委婉, 翻译并不能就中文所表达出的内涵意义进行分析, 相反的英文就会比较直接简单, 这就使得双方在交流过程中往往只会了解字面意思, 容易使双方对彼此表达的意思产生误解, 从而影响跨文化商务交际的顺利进行。2。2、 跨文化交际中的思维方式差异问题。思维方式是人们看待事物的角度、方式和方法的总和, 决定着人们思考问题的根本方法, 而在国际商务的跨文化交际中, 思维方式往往会直接影响交易者的行为方式。由于东、西方文化的差异较大, 其思维方式也存在较大的差异, 以中国为代表的东方文化主要是以形象思维为主体, 注重综合思维, 尤其喜欢迂回的方式, 而西方国家会比较注重分析思维, 偏向理性、逻辑和实证, 因而东方思维会偏向模糊, 西方则是偏向精确, 以上思维方式的差异会使得国际商务的开展存在交易上的阻碍。2。3、 跨文化交际中的价值观念差异问题。价值观念的不同会影响人们对同一商品的价值判断, 这也是影响国际商务活动的重要因素, 而且价值观念的不同使得交易双方极易在针对商品价值的制定以及合同的签订上出现分歧, 影响下一步的商务合作。2。4 、跨文化交际中的习俗差异问题。风俗习惯的差异不仅存在于各国之间, 同一国中也会因风俗习惯产生争议。而在国家上午中的跨文化交际中, 风俗习惯的不同极有可能会引发交易矛盾, 影响商务活动的开展, 不利于跨文化交际的顺利开展。3、 解决国际商务跨文化交际问题的建议在国际商务中, 各国之间由于政治背景、文化背景、经济背景等方面存在的差异导致跨文化交际出现各种各样的问题, 尤其是现代企业要想在国际市场上占据有利地位就必须要提高自身的跨文化交际能力, 商务人员的跨文化交际是国际商务活动开展得基础, 因而需要企业有针对性的培养商务人员的跨文化商务交际能力, 保障企业的国际商务活动顺利开展。3。1 、培养商务人员对不同国家文化的理解能力。国际商务中的跨文化交际问题无一例外都是因为国家所具备的不同文化, 因而在对上午人员的培养过程中首先就是要培养其对不同国家文化的理解能力, 使其能够理解并接受不同国家文化的差异。因而在培养过程中需要商务人员对不同的文化现象、模式及不同国家的文化差异有一定的观察力和理解力, 要求商务人员能熟练掌握不同国家的生活习俗、思维模式及社会价值观等。以便商务人员在国家商务的跨文化交际中能够根据不同国家不同地区的其文化背景适当的调节交际方法, 从而从实际出发去分析并解决问题。3。2、 提高商务人员对跨文化交际问题的解决能力。当出现跨文化交际问题时, 如果能够及时有效的解决问题也有可能力挽狂澜、扭转战局, 因而还需要提高商务人员对跨文化交际问题的解决能力。这就需要商务人员具有较好的应变能力, 根据实际情况采用妥协、竞争、回避等方法, 审时度势, 确保际商务跨文化交际能顺利的进行, 促进商务合作和交易。结语:综上所述, 跨文化交际是当前积极融入国际市场得重要手段, 在国际商务中所出现得跨文化交际问题在一定程度上阻碍了国际商务活动的开展, 不利于世界经济范围内的共同发展, 因此我国现代企业需要认清形势, 加大投入, 有针对性的提高商务人员的跨文化交际能力, 以便促进国际商务的顺利开展, 实现企业自身的可持续发展。

跨文化交际论文3000字英文版怎么写

With the further development of globalization, exchanges between countries are getting closer and In order to overcome these obstacles, people from different cultural backgrounds will inevitably encounter As an English majors, we must improve our own cultural literacy and learn cross-cultural communication in

好的,具体的论文要求。

跨文化交际论文英语3000字

年终评审就靠它了。。。。。

写作思路:首先提出跨文化交流的意义,提出跨文化交流的重要性,写到跨文化交流的解决办法与做法。跨文化交际是指将跨文化、商务、交际三个要素结合在一起, 进而演变成一个全新的文化领域。在当前的商务活动中, 跨文化交际通常包括跨文化的商务交际礼仪及商务人员的跨文化交际能力等, 其中商务人员的跨文化交际能力直接会影响到国际商务活动的开展, 面对的当前在国际商务中存在的跨文化交际问题需要国家有针对性的培养商务人员的跨文化商务交际能力, 保障商务活动的顺利开展。1、 跨文化交际在国际商务中的重要性国际商务是指在整个世界范围内的各种贸易交流的总和, 随着经济全球化趋势的不断加强以及国际市场的不断完善, 国际商务活动的开展在促进世界范围内经济共同发展上起到了巨大的作用。而且国际商务活动的开展给不同文化背景的国家和人们都提供了交流平台, 这种跨文化交流在实施过程中又进一步的促进了全国范围内的经济发展, 使其现代企业能够突破国内市场的桎梏, 继而在国际市场的舞台上大显身手, 实现自身企业的规模化发展以及可持续发展。同时, 现代企业在跨文化交流过程中也需要从同文化背景下的人们思想观念和行为方式出发, 全面提高跨文化交际能力, 为国际商务活动的开展奠定基础。国际商务跨文化交际问题与解决建议2、 在国际商务中存在的跨文化交际问题2。1、 跨文化交际中的语言差异问题。在国际商务的跨文化交际中, 各国之间的文化差异就是交际过程中面临的最大问题, 其中语言是国家文化的代表, 也是文化得以继续传承的重要载体, 其在跨文化交际中还承担着实现人们交流的重要功能, 可以说, 国际商务中的任何一项活动得到开展都需要语言作为依托, 同样, 语言的差异存在的交际问题也是当前跨文化交际中存在的最重要的问题。以中文和英文为例, 虽然在国际商务中翻译可以为交易双方提供方便, 但是中文的表达往往会比较委婉, 翻译并不能就中文所表达出的内涵意义进行分析, 相反的英文就会比较直接简单, 这就使得双方在交流过程中往往只会了解字面意思, 容易使双方对彼此表达的意思产生误解, 从而影响跨文化商务交际的顺利进行。2。2、 跨文化交际中的思维方式差异问题。思维方式是人们看待事物的角度、方式和方法的总和, 决定着人们思考问题的根本方法, 而在国际商务的跨文化交际中, 思维方式往往会直接影响交易者的行为方式。由于东、西方文化的差异较大, 其思维方式也存在较大的差异, 以中国为代表的东方文化主要是以形象思维为主体, 注重综合思维, 尤其喜欢迂回的方式, 而西方国家会比较注重分析思维, 偏向理性、逻辑和实证, 因而东方思维会偏向模糊, 西方则是偏向精确, 以上思维方式的差异会使得国际商务的开展存在交易上的阻碍。2。3、 跨文化交际中的价值观念差异问题。价值观念的不同会影响人们对同一商品的价值判断, 这也是影响国际商务活动的重要因素, 而且价值观念的不同使得交易双方极易在针对商品价值的制定以及合同的签订上出现分歧, 影响下一步的商务合作。2。4 、跨文化交际中的习俗差异问题。风俗习惯的差异不仅存在于各国之间, 同一国中也会因风俗习惯产生争议。而在国家上午中的跨文化交际中, 风俗习惯的不同极有可能会引发交易矛盾, 影响商务活动的开展, 不利于跨文化交际的顺利开展。3、 解决国际商务跨文化交际问题的建议在国际商务中, 各国之间由于政治背景、文化背景、经济背景等方面存在的差异导致跨文化交际出现各种各样的问题, 尤其是现代企业要想在国际市场上占据有利地位就必须要提高自身的跨文化交际能力, 商务人员的跨文化交际是国际商务活动开展得基础, 因而需要企业有针对性的培养商务人员的跨文化商务交际能力, 保障企业的国际商务活动顺利开展。3。1 、培养商务人员对不同国家文化的理解能力。国际商务中的跨文化交际问题无一例外都是因为国家所具备的不同文化, 因而在对上午人员的培养过程中首先就是要培养其对不同国家文化的理解能力, 使其能够理解并接受不同国家文化的差异。因而在培养过程中需要商务人员对不同的文化现象、模式及不同国家的文化差异有一定的观察力和理解力, 要求商务人员能熟练掌握不同国家的生活习俗、思维模式及社会价值观等。以便商务人员在国家商务的跨文化交际中能够根据不同国家不同地区的其文化背景适当的调节交际方法, 从而从实际出发去分析并解决问题。3。2、 提高商务人员对跨文化交际问题的解决能力。当出现跨文化交际问题时, 如果能够及时有效的解决问题也有可能力挽狂澜、扭转战局, 因而还需要提高商务人员对跨文化交际问题的解决能力。这就需要商务人员具有较好的应变能力, 根据实际情况采用妥协、竞争、回避等方法, 审时度势, 确保际商务跨文化交际能顺利的进行, 促进商务合作和交易。结语:综上所述, 跨文化交际是当前积极融入国际市场得重要手段, 在国际商务中所出现得跨文化交际问题在一定程度上阻碍了国际商务活动的开展, 不利于世界经济范围内的共同发展, 因此我国现代企业需要认清形势, 加大投入, 有针对性的提高商务人员的跨文化交际能力, 以便促进国际商务的顺利开展, 实现企业自身的可持续发展。

由于汉英文化存在着截然不同的传统和风俗习惯,人们的生活方式、思维方式、价值观念、语言习惯等都有很大的差别,许多日常行为在两种语言的交际活动中也存在明显的文化差异。本文旨在通过对比分析汉英文化中褒奖行为的异同点及常见的语用失误,使大家进一步了解语言只有在一定的文化背景下及语境中被正确使用,才能体现出它们的交际价值,这对我们的日常交际、英语教学及语言研究有极大的启示和帮助。  [关键词]跨文化交际 汉英文化差异 褒奖语及应答 语用失误  一、引言  语言是文化的载体,是文化的一个密不可分的组成部分,它既反映文化,也受文化的影响。语言使用除了受到结构规则,即语音、词汇、语法等的制约,还会受到使用规则的制约,这儿的使用规则即指语言所属的社会文化,社会文化决定语言使用是否得体。由于文化的迁移,外语学习者常常会将自己的文化模式套入新的语言文化中,而“文化既有其统一性、延续性和共有性,又有其差异性和变化性。”(胡文仲,1985)  褒奖行为这种社会现象存在于每个社会群体,存在于各种不同的语言文化中,不同层面、不同程度地反映着人们的交际活动,它不仅可以缩短交际者之间的距离,而且可以联络感情,巩固和加强交际者之间的团结,起到社会润滑油的作用。美国语言学家Pomerantz指出,褒奖语是一种支撑性行为(supportive action),也是一种评价性行为(assessment action),也就是说,称赞语不仅有称赞的性质,也有评价的性质。下面让我们来探讨一下汉英文化在褒奖这一言语行为上的相似点及文化差异,并对由此产生的语用失误作一分析,这样可以使我们更好地了解在跨汉英文化交际时如何恰如其分地称赞对方并知道怎样对对方的称赞做出正确得体的语言回应,这对我们的日常交际、英语教学及语言研究都有极其重要的作用。  二、汉英文化中褒奖行为的相似点  1.注重礼貌待人  言语交际中所体现的礼貌程度,在一定意义上标志着一个社会的文明程度,反映着一个民族的精神风貌。中国是文明古国,礼仪之邦,在人际交往中,人们极为重视谦虚、恭敬的态度和礼貌的语言。  英语文化中也充分体现了对言语行为中礼貌原则的体现。利奇(Leech ,1983)在前人研究的基础上,从语用学和人际交往中修辞的角度,对交际活动中的礼貌原则进行了新的归纳和分类,即由得体准则(tact maxim)、慷慨准则(generosity maxim)、赞誉准则(approbation maxim)、谦虚准则(modesty maxim)、一致准则(agreement maxim)和同情准则(sympathy maxim)等六个准则构成。  后来的一些东西方学者相继从不同角度对言语交际中的礼貌现象进行了探讨,使礼貌成为语用学研究的重要课题之一。礼貌原则反映到行为中,在称赞、感谢等表达上,汉语和英语存在着不少相似之处。如,  (1) 你做的饭真好吃。  (2) Thank you for your    提倡谦虚态度  一般认为谦虚是中国文化所具有的美德,但是,在英语文化中也是一个重要的内容。在汉语的谦虚表达中,对于来自对方的称赞和评价,一般不采用全面赞同的应答,而采取“缩小规模”来表示同意的策略。如,  (1) 甲:你刚才唱歌唱得真好听。  乙:是吗?不过我觉得我没大放开。  (2) A: You have a nice one-room   B: Y The rent is It is a   说话人通过赞同、认可来称赞对方的行为,听话人通过谦虚、礼貌的态度来应答,从而创造出“和”的气氛,这是汉英语言在会话中的典型表现。褒奖行为带上了社交礼节的特点,在日常生活中维持了人们之间的圆满关系。  3.讲究协调和谐  很多东方国家包括中国有史以来在社会结构上一直是家族式的,形成一种聚合模式,其特点是从众意识较强,不想突出个人,注重与他人“和为贵”。我们不难发现在学校里,有些说话讲究艺术性的老师批评学生时很讲策略,如你的文章写得很好,要是字再漂亮些就更棒了。老师把批评书法和称赞文章结合起来,减弱了批评的味道,学生容易接受,对维护和谐的师生关系起到了良好作用。中国有以“和”为轴心的文化,中国人常常无意识地、微妙地运用这种“和”文化来相互理解,彼此达到和谐的关系。  英语国家大都是异族混居的国家,成为一种离散模式,其特征表现为相互疏远,讲究个体独处。不过,他们的社会也并非没有在“协调”上下功夫。西方语言哲学家及语用学家格赖斯(Grice)在1968年就提出了会话所需要的四个协调原则:(1)说直话,不要说没有十分把握的话;(2)掌握信息数量,不要给予超出所需的信息;(3)说有关内容的话,不要离题;(4)说话要明快、简洁、条理清楚。这四个原则被认为是语言交际的一般会话原则。  三、汉英文化中褒奖行为的差异  1.褒奖方式的差异  一个美国学生和一个中国学生应邀去日本朋友家做客,虽然过后中国学生对美国学生说日本饭菜并不迎合他的口味,但在吃饭及做客后告别时,他却一直不停地在主人面前说饭菜如何地美味可口。美国学生觉得中国学生说了假话,让人听上去很虚伪。他认为如果是自己的话,他会说一些感谢的话,但同时也会率直地指出饭菜不合口味。对此,中国学生的解释是说饭菜可口是感谢的一种表达,并不是虚伪的恭维。  英语文化中,人们习惯把对对方的敬佩和感激用不同的言语行为表现出来,假使要称赞他们,也是采用评论性的、限制性的,而且是高姿态的称赞方式;而中国人面对同一对象时,其称赞、感谢的言辞是不带评价的、全面肯定的、低姿态的,往往被西方人看成过分谦虚了,是虚情假意、恭维奉承的表现。  2.褒奖范围的差异及不同观念  汉英文化中不同的传统和价值观念导致了褒奖范围的差异,在西方的文化背景下,宗教信仰、收入、年龄等都是需要避讳的话题,如我们对此类问题进行称赞会使话题陷入尴尬境地,影响双方的进一步交流。和英语中的褒奖话语相对比,汉语中出现频率较高的褒奖语涉及到对对方性格、内在品德及精神的赞美和钦佩,如常可以听到以下的寒暄语。  (1) 你脾气真好,对孩子这么有耐心。  (2) 你起得总这么早!  (3) 你学习真努力!  传统和价值观念的不同还体现在对于同一褒奖点人们的不同观念。一种文化普遍认可或认为是具有价值的行为,在另一种文化中却得不到承认,或加以摈弃;一种文化认为是文明的、适宜的言语,在另一种文化中却被认为是落后的、无礼的行为。让我们对以下几个方面的话题进行探讨,对此会有比较深刻的理解。  ①体重。这是一个在两种语言中出现频率都很高的话题。过去,中国人见面如果说对方“发福了”“胖了”是一种恭维,但现在人们的生活水平的提高带来了对健康及审美的需求,很多人反倒愿意听别人说自己“瘦了”,可我们仍不能否认,在传统文化的影响下,说对方“发福了”“胖了”仍含有恭维对方生活条件优越的含义,而说对方“瘦了”一般情况下也表达了对其身体状况的关切;在英语文化中却没有这种含义,人们把体重超标看作是不健康的标志,所以说对方胖会被理解成暗指对方体质下降,而说对方“瘦了”毫无疑问是句恭维话,  ②金钱。对中国人来说,称赞对方的家庭背景、经济状况是一种恭维,在很多情况下这种恭维还会带有羡慕的成分;在英语文化中则不然,人们更看重个人通过努力而得来的财富,这种观念在本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)的著作中得到了体现——“God helps those who help themselves”(自助者天助)。  ③友谊。汉英两种文化背景下的人都重视友情,但中国人的人际关系取向以情感为中心,认为朋友,特别是好朋友之间应该互相帮助,互讲义气,所以我们常常会听到“真够意思”“够哥们”“够义气”这样的恭维,这在英语文化中是听不到的。以英语文化为背景的人际关系取向以工作、志趣和活动为中心,朋友关系中仍然强调独立、自主和竞争,相互之间没有义务和责任。所以,一个人如果没有给他身处困境中的朋友提供帮助是很正常、无可厚非的。  ④外貌。中国女性在公开场合或丈夫在场时受到异性对自己外貌的褒奖时,多数人会觉得不好意思,有时甚至会觉得不雅,有失体统;英语中人们对女性外貌、化妆和服装等的称赞是很普遍、很自然的,而且自由度很大,基本上不受年龄、地位、场合和熟识程度的限制。  ⑤家庭成员。中国人倾向称赞对方的家庭成员,尤其是对方的孩子;英语文化背景下的人们倾向家庭成员之间互相称赞。之所以存在这种差异是因为中国人家庭观念浓厚,认为家庭和个人是一体的,所以家庭成员之间互相称赞有“自我表扬”之嫌,而称赞对方的家人事实上就是在称赞听话者本人;而多数西方人自我观念意识强,这种独立性往往使他们对自己的家庭成员不吝赞美。如,  (1) 你女儿长得真漂亮!  (2) 这么短时间不见,你儿子长这么高了!  (3)(母亲对女儿) You look so lovely in your new dress!  (4)(丈夫对妻子)What a nice dinner you gave us!

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